Twilight of the Sultanate c8.s4.16

c8.s4.16

To the west of Malwa was situated the kingdom of Gujarat. Its immense wealth, due particularly to its commercial and maritime activity, had tempted many invaders to attack it. Mahmūd of Ghaznī had carried away immense wealth from Somnath, and Muhammad Ghorī had invaded it in 1196. ’Alāuddīn Khaljī had annexed Gujarat to the Empire of Delhi in 1299, but during the confusion created by Tīmūr’s invasion Zafar Khan, a convert from the Tauk¹⁰⁴ clan of the Rajputs, assumed independence in 1401. After the death of his rebel son Tātār Khan, he assumed the title of Sultan Muzaffar Shāh. He waged a successful war against Sultan Hoshang of Malwa and captured Dhar, but four years later he was poisoned by his grandson Ahmad Shāh in June, A.D. 1411.