The Legacy of Muslim Rule in India c11.s3.2

c11.s3.2

In short, between the thirteenth century when armies had to march to collect the revenue,⁴⁷ and the seventeenth century when peasants were running away from the land because of the extortions of the state, no satisfactory principle of assessment or collection except extortion could be discovered. The situation became definitely worse in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as attested to by contemporary historians Jean Law and Ghulam Hussain. It is this general and continued stringency that was the legacy of the Mughal empire and the Indian Muslim states which continued under the British Raj.