The Legacy of Muslim Rule in India c8.s2.4

c8.s2.4

The contacts of Muslim rulers of India with the Caliphs were of old. The Arab governors of Sind used to read the khutba in the name of the Ummayad Caliphs. Even in the distribution of the booty taken by the early Arab invaders, one-fifth was reserved for the Khalifa.⁴⁹ Under the jurisdiction of Saffah Abul Abbas, the first Abbasid Caliph, there were twelve provinces including Sind.⁵⁰ Even when Sind had reverted to a period of Hindu domination, the *khutba* continued to be read in mosques in the name of the Abbasid Caliph,⁵¹ which boosted the morale of the few Muslims living there.