Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champa; Vol. II: Suvarnadvipa) v2.c13.s2.t2.152

v2.c13.s2.t2.152

Dr. Stutterheim first of all identified the second king of the list, Śrī Mahārāja rakai Panangkaran, with Kariyāna Paṇamkaraṇa, the Śailendra king referred to in the Kalasan inscription. This identity of a king of the Matarām dynasty of Java with a Śailendra king is the starting point of his theory. He then proceeds to identify Sañjaya with the grandfather of Bālaputradeva, called ‘Vira-vairi-mathan-ānugat-ābhidhāna’ in the Nālandā copper-plate, mainly on the ground that the name of the former, “All-conqueror,” could be quite well a synonym of the latter—“heroic destroyer of enemies.” Proceeding still further, he identifies Paṇamkaraṇa, who founded the temple of Tārā (Kalasan ins.) with Samarāgravira who married Tārā (Nālandā charter), on the assumption that the queen Tārā was identified with the goddess. Lastly he identifies Dharmasetu, the name of the father of Tārā, as read by Pandit H. Sastri in the Nālandā charter, with Dharmapāla, the famous emperor of Bengal, on the ground that the name Dharmapāla could, in poetry, be regarded as a synonym of Dharmasetu.¹ Thus, on the whole, Sañjaya and his son, the first two kings of Matarām referred to in the Kedu grant, are regarded by Dr. Stutterheim as the first two Śailendra kings mentioned in the Nālandā charter as grandfather and father of Bālaputra. He then draws the obvious conclusion that while the Śailendras were really the Javanese ruling dynasty of Matarām, a son, perhaps the youngest son of Panangkaran, ruled over Sumatra, which was a part of the Javanese empire under the Śailendras.