Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East (Vol. I: Champa; Vol. II: Suvarnadvipa) v2.c13.s2.t2.67

v2.c13.s2.t2.67

Candrabhānu was helped in his second expedition by the Pāṇḍyas. But, sometime later, the Pāṇḍya king boasts in his inscriptions of having defeated the Jāvaka king as well as Ceylon. Now in an inscription of Jaṭāvarman Vira Pāṇḍya, dated A.D. 1264, he claims to have defeated and killed the Śāvaka (king), and in an inscription of the following year we find among the list of defeated kings, king of Kaḍāram (and no king of Śāvaka)⁴ The conclusion is almost irresistible, that Śāvaka or Jāvaka and Kaḍāra both refer to the kingdom of Candrabhānu in the Malay Peninsula. Thus the Ceylonese Chronicle agrees with the Arab writers in locating Jāvaka in the Malay Peninsula. Further, the Arab writer Sulaymān, writing in 851 A.D., has remarked that “Kalah-bar and Zābag are ruled over by the same king.” Kalah-bar is, no doubt, the same as Keddah, and thus Keddah and Zābag formed a united kingdom.