The History and Culture of the Indian People v1.c19.s4.12

v1.c19.s4.12

10. Brunnhofer, *Arische Urzeit*, 1910; Hertel, *Indo-Germ. Forchung*, 41, p. 188; Hüsing, *MAGW*, xlvi; Hillebrandt, *Ved. Myth*, I, pp. 98 ff.; Childe, *Aryans*, p. 32; Winternitz, *HIL*, I, pp. 63-4.
11. *CHI*, I, pp. 78-9.
12. *CHI*, I, p. 79.
13. *SBE*, XXXII, pp. 61 ff.; *Indische Alterthumskunde*, I, p. 883; *AL*, pp. 22 ff., *Ved. Ind.*, II, p. 432.
14. *RV.* IV. 42. 8, 9 and Sāyaṇa's Commentary.
15. The *Ait. Br.* takes the five to be gods, men, gandharvas, and apsarases, snakes, and the fathers, whereas Yāska thinks that gandharvas, fathers, gods, asuras, and rākshasas are meant. Aupamanyavas and Sāyaṇa hold that the four varṇas and the Nishādas made up the five. Roth and Geldner take the expression to indicate the people of the whole earth.
16. *JAOS*, 15, pp. 258 ff.
17. Cf. Dutt, *Aryanisation of India*, p. 104.
18. Banerji Sastri, *JBORS*, 12, p. 253. 18a. The Dāsas and Dasyus have been fully discussed above in Ch. VIII, p. 159.
19. See Ch. XI, p.
20. *Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture*, p. 34.
21. Dey, *GD*, p. 104.
22. *Ved. Ind.*, II, p. 422.
23. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 20.
24. *Ibid.*
25. *Ved. Ind.*, I, p. 469.
26. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 59.
27. *Ind. Stud.*, I, pp. 212-3.
28. *EI*, 1921, p. 16; Majumdar, *CAG*, p. 669.
29. *Ind. Stud.*, I, pp. 212-3.
30. *Ved. Ind.*, II, p. 117.
31. *JRAS*, 1908, p. 852.
32. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 76.
33. Cf. Law, *Tribes*, p. 100.
34. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 74.
35. Franke, *Pali und Sanskrit*, pp. 88, 89.
36. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 54.
37. Vāhlika and Vālhīka appear as variants of Bāhlika. The *Mahābhārata* and the Purāṇas locate the tribe in the neighbourhood of Gandhāra and Punjab.
38. Bhandarkar identifies the Keśis with the Kassis or Kassites (*Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture*, p. 3).
39. Pargiter, *AIHT*, pp. 109, 264.
40. *JRAS*, 1911, pp. 801-2.
41. Cf. Law, *Tribes*, pp. 2-3.
42. *JUPHAS*, XVI, pp. 43-6.
43. Such e.g., are the Ruśamas, Śviknas, Sparśus, Kāraskaras, Śaphālas, etc.
44. *ZDMG*, 56, pp. 657 ff.
45. Bhandarkar, *ABORI*, XII, pp. 104, 105.
46. Raychaudhuri, *PHAI*, p. 79; Dutt, *Aryanisation of India*, p. 69.
47. *PHAI*, p. 80.