Intercourse between India and the Western World from the Earliest Times to the Fall of Rome c15: Index

Intercourse between India and the Western World from the Earliest Times to the Fall of Rome c15

Language: English

Index

c15.1

[The letters ff. after an entry imply that references to the same subject occur on at least two immediately succeeding pages.]

Abdalla ibn Mokaffa 179 Abhīra 11 Abyssinia (*Itiopyavan*) 19, 92 acacia tree 126 Achilles 140, 170 Actium 101 Adad-Nirari IV. 8 Aden 1, 2, 10, 17, 94, 112 Āditya 139 Adulis (= Massowa) 91, 92 Aegidii (?Angidīva or Goa) 119 Aelana (= Ezion Geber, q.v.) 90 Aelian 49, 107, 170 Aelius Gallus 104 Aemilianus 154 Afghanistan 69, 163 Africa 14, 19, 98, 99 African baobab, the 14 Agatharchides 94, 113 Agathokleia 86 Agathokles 76, 86 Agesilaus 165 aghil (*ahal*) 14 Agnimitra 81 Airrhadii 133 Ajantā 9, 146 Akaba (also called Aelana and Ezion Geber) 10 Ākāśa (ether) 61 Akesines, R. 34, 78 Akkad 16 Akkadian tongue, the 2 Alaric 102, 151 Alasanda, island of 78 Alexander the Great 16, 19, 24, 29, 33 ff., 59, 88 ff., 117, 155, 159, 160, 167 Alexander, a trader 132 Alexander Severus 154 Alexandria 15, 69, 88 ff., 95 ff., 106, 111, 130, 137, 138, 140, 141, 171, 173, 174, 178

c15.3

Alexandria-on-Indus (Alasanda of the Yonas) (= Ucch) 34, 38, 72 almug trees (*valgu*) 11 Amritsar district 59 ’Αμύκτnρες 65 Amyntas 86 Anahid (= Anaitis) 23, 70, 72, 164 Āndhra princes 84, 167 Andromache 140, 170 Angidīva 119 Angrammes (*and see* Xandrames) 33 Angria 112 Annam 130 Annius Plocamus 106, 111, 113, 150, 152 Anthropophagi 26, 27 Antialkidas 77, 86, 162 Antigonus 38 Antimachus 74, 76, 86 Antioch 1, 9, 108, 130 Antiochus I (*Soter*) 93, 100; II (*Theos*) 100; III (*Megas*) 70, 74, 92, 100; IV (*Epiphanes*) 48, 100; V (*Eupator*) 100 Antipodes of Ktesias, the 27 ’Αντίποδες (= ’Οπισθοδάκτυλοι) 66 Antonines, the 103 Antoninus Pius 153 Antonius, king of Syria 130 Antun 130 Anupshahr 42 Anurādhapura 149, 152 Apamea 128 Apollo Bunder (*Pālvā Bandar*) 119 Apollodorus of Artemita 78 Apollodotus II 72, 73, 76, 77, 86, 116 Apollonius of Tyana 146 Apollophanes 86 Apologus 113

c15.4

Arabia 9 Arabia Felix (= Aden, *q.v.*) 10, 94, 104, 129 Arabs 179, 180 Arachosia 38, 40 Aragante 19 Arakan, R. 133 Aranyavāha 119 Arcadius 151, 154 Archebius 86 Archelaus of Carrha 142 *Arch. Survey of India* (1903-4) 169; (1912-13) 6 Arddhanārīshvara 146 Ariake 112 Ariana 71 *arisi* (*aruz* and *ὄρυζα*) 14 Aristobulus 105 Aristotle, *Hist. Anim.* 31, 116 Armenia 104 Armourers 53 Arrian, *Exped. Alex.* 34, 35; *Indika* 44, 49, 105 Arsakes 87 Arsinoe (Suez) 17, 89 Artabanus 75 Artaxerxes Mnemon 26 Artemidorus 86 *Artha Śāstra* 62, 67, 68 Arthur, king 159 Artizans 53 Aryans 2, 27, 31 Asia 19, 20, 161 Asia Minor 159 Aśoka 28, 39, 44, 58 ff., 68, 70, 79, 82, 162 Aśoka's Edicts 60, 62, 63; pillars 64 Asopus 27 Assam 27 Assurbanipal 2 Assyria 15 Assyrians 14, 16 Assyrian sculptures 31 *Ἄστομοι* 66 Asura Maya (= Ahura Mazda) 68 *Aśvamedha* 81 Aśvins, the (*Nāsatya*) 2 *Atharva Veda*, 15 Athenaeus 48, 93 Athene 76 Athenodorus 129 Athens 88, 108 Augustus 101, 103 ff., 153 Aulus Gellius, *Noct. Att.* 29 Auranoboas (*or* Tyrannoboas) (?Aranyavāha *or* Mālvan) 119

c15.5

Aurelian 154 aureus, Roman 150, 164, 166 Avidius Cassius 128 Ayodhya 43 Azes (I and II) 83, 86 Azilises 86

c15.6

Bab-el-Mandeb 94 Babel 16 Bāberu (Babylon) 4 Babylon 1, 3, 4, 7, 12, 14 ff., 36, 155 Babylon, plague at 129 Babylonian marshes 6 Bacchus 60, 62 Bagdad 179 Bahrein Islands 6 Baktra (= Bākhtri = Bakhdhi = Balkh) 1, 2, 9, 16, 69, 88, 115, 160 Baktria 28, 83 ff., 108, 148 Baktrian architecture 162 Baktrian Greeks 161 ff. Baktrian kings 171 Bālaśrī 85 Balkh, see Baktra Balsamodendron 125, 126 Baluchistān 83, 126 Bankot 119 baobab tree 14 Barābar, caves at 68 Barake 111, 120 Barbarikon 35, 114, 124, 125 Bardesanes 142, 145, 174 Barhut 165 Barlaam and Josaphat (see St John of Damascus) 142 Barnett, L. D. 87; *Antiquities of India* 15, 61, 167, 172 Barygaza 3, 47, 95, 107, 108, 112, 113, 116, 124, 126, 131, 136, 170 Barzuyeh 179 Bassein 133 Baths of Caracalla 168 bdellium 125 Beal, S., *Life of Hiuen Tsiang* 143 Beās, R. 42, 43 Behistūn Inscriptions, the 17, 29 Benākaṭakā 162 Benfey, T., *Indien* 11; *Pañcha Tantra* 179 Bengal 122; Bay of 132 Berbera 92 Berenike 90, 91, 99, 111 Berosus 7 beryl (*βήρυλλος* from *vaiḍūrya*) 101, 120 Besatae 123 Besnagar 162 Besynga (*or* Bassein) 133 Bhagavad Gītā 178 Bharata, Nāṭya Śāstra 169 Bharukaccha 5 Bhavabhūti 170 Bhil races, the 22 Bhotān 27, 65 Bhoja, Narapati, Yuktikalpataru 139 Bhrighu-Kaccha 116 Bhūmaka 87, 118 Bidpai (*or* Pilpay) 179 Bindusāra 39 Birdwood, Sir G. 126 Bisadae (Besatae) 147 blackwood 114 Bloch, Ann. Report, Arch. Surv. Ind. 169 Boghazköi, 3 Bolān Pass, the 83 Bolor Mts. 115 Bombay 6, 119; Prince of Wales Museum 6 Bombay Gazetteer 162 bos Lucas 13 Brachmanae 142 Brahmā 141 Brāhmaṇa (caste) 50 ff. Brahmins 50 ff., 60 ff., 141, 147, 157, 160 Brahminism 79 Brāhmī-script, the 14 Brindisium 29 Broach 14, 116, 117, 119, 120 Buddha (*see also* Gautama) 11, 32, 157, 165 Buddha's tooth 149 Buddhism 23, 39, 58, 62, 78, 108, 138, 153, 157, 162, 168, 175 Buddhism, Hinayāna 168 Buddhist architecture 28 Buddhist art 167 Buddhist ascetics 59 Buddhist Canon, the 60 Buddhist caves 85 Buddhist monasteries 143, 165 Buddhists 141 ff., 179 Bühler, J. G., Origin of the Brāhma Alphabet 4; Indian Studies 15 Bukephala (Jihlam) 34 Bunbury, Hist. Anc. Geog. 17, 69, 92, 94, 128 Bundelkhand 81 Burgess, J. 164; Elephanta 146 Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy 158 Byzantium (? Vizādrog) 119

c15.7

Cadiz 98 Caldwell, R. 122; Dravidian Grammar 14 Caligula 153 Camboja, Cape 132, 133 Cana 110 Canary Isles 99 Caracalla 153 Carinus 154 Carus 154 Caspian Gates, the 1, 9 Caspian Sea 1, 9 Catholic ceremonies 178 Celts 159 Ceylon 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 72, 93, 104, 106, 109, 111, 147 ff. Ceylon in the Classics 152 Chaldaea 7 Chaldaeans 6 Chālukyas 167 Champā 5, 132 Chāṇakya 37, 38, 54 Chaṇḍāla (*or* Pariah) 58 Chāndogya Upanishad 156 Chandragupta (= Sandrakottus, q.v.) 37 ff., 49 ff., 67, 80, 91, 161 Charaka 172 Charax 115 Chares, of Mitylene 100 Charibael (Kariba-Il) 113 Charition 139 Chastana 117 Chaucer, Knight's Tale 69; Pardoner's Tale 180 China 8, 9, 101, 131, 148 ff. Chinese 66, 115, 116 Chitor 80 Chola Maṇḍalam or Chola-coast (= Coromandel) 122 Choromandae 66 Christianity 138, 175, 176 Chronicles II 10, 13 cinnamon 14, 30, 122, 125 Civil Service 55, 56 Claudius (41-54 A.D.) 106, 109, 113, 153 Claudius (268-270 A.D.) 154 Clement 138, 141, 142, 174 Cleopatra 97, 100

c15.8

Clouston, *Originals and Analogues* 180 Cochin 121 Cochin lagoon, the 111 Code of Manu 138 coins 72 ff., 77, 78, 83 ff., 103, 150, 162, 164, 166, 167 Commodus 153 Constantine I 154 Constantine II 154 Constantinople 69, 88, 116, 152 Constantius 154 Coomaraswamy, A. K., *Ar's and Crafts of India and Ceylon* 9 Corinthian pillars 168 Coromandel 122 Cos 115 costus (*kuṣṭha* = *kuṭ-lākḍī*) 114, 124 courtezans 67 Cowell, E. B. 4 Cranganore 111, 120 Cunningham, A. 33; *Coins of Ancient India* 18; *Numismatic Chronicle* 73 Curtius, Quintus 33, 46 Curzon, Lord, *Persia* 68 Cyclops 66 Cyrus the Great 27 Cyzicus 96

c15.9

Dabhai 42 Dafār 125 Dakṣiṇāpatha (see Deccan) 118 Damascus 128, 179, 180 Damirike 110, 120 Dan 7 Dandamis (Damadamis) 143 Danube 66 Dardistān 18, 24, 102 Dards 66 Darius 16 ff., 27, 32, 89, 155; Palace of, at Persepolis 68 Darius (III) Codomannus 31 Dasyus, the 27 Dattamitra (*Demetria*) 162 Daulatabad 119 David, king of Judah 10 Davids, Rhys 5; *Buddhist Birth Stories* 12 De Abstinentia 143 Decameron 179 Deccan (*Dakkhinābada*), *δάχανος* (see Dakṣiṇāpatha) 118 Deccan, North 84 Decian persecution 176

c15.10

Decius 154 Dēimachus 39, 41 Deipnosophistes 94 De Lesseps 90 Delhi 52 Demetria (Arachosia) 72 Demetria (Sind) 72 Demetrius 72 ff., 78, 83, 85, 100, 115, 162 devas 145 Devgad 119 Dhābol 119 Dharma 29, 54, 80 Dikairos 31 *Dīnāra*, denarius 167 Dio Chrysostom 140 Diocletian 154 Diodorus Siculus 8 Diodotus (I and II) 70, 85 Diogenes 157 Diomedes 77, 86 Dion Cassius 107 Dionysius 39, 41, 92, 95 Dioskuri 74, 77 Dittenberger, W., *Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae* 92, 95 Doāb, the 44 Domitian 153 Dosarene (*Darśana*) 123 double-daric of Darius Codomanus 31 *drachma* 59, 150 *dramma* (mod. *dām*), *δραχμή* 167 Dravidians 19 drugs 102, 120, 124 "dumb Mlecchas" 47, 121 Duncker, M., *Gesch. des Alt.* 22 Dushyanta Rāja 47 Dutt, U. C., *Materia Medica of the Hindus* 126

c15.11

Eagle (katreus) 108 ebony 113 Edfū, ruins at 99 Edom 10 Egypt 2, 9, 95, 101, 158, 161 Egyptians 158 Ekbatana 48, 115, 128 Elagabalus, Emperor 143 Elath 10 Eleazar 113 eleph, ox 13 *ἐλέφαντ-* (root) 13 Elephanta 146 Elephants 49, 52, 55, 91, 93 Eleusinian mysteries 146

c15.12

Elysium of Yama, the 156 Emetreus 69 Emperors of the East 154 *Encyclopaedia Britannica* 15, 126 *Ency. of Religion and Ethics* 180 ’Ενωτοκοῖται (= *karṇaprāvaraṇa*) 65 Epander 86 Eratosthenes 40, 92, 93, 95, 105 Ersch and Gruber’s *Encyclopaedia* 11 Essenes, the 176 “Etesian” winds 109 Ethiopia 149; palace of 151 Ethiopians 18, 19 Eudaemon (= Aden, *q.v.*) 94 Eudamus 36, 71 Eudoxus 18, 96 ff., 100, 138 Euergetes II 97, 100 Eukratides 72 ff., 83, 85 Eumenes 36 Euphrates, R. 1, 2, 42, 113, 127, 129 Euripides 170 Eusebius 141 Euthydemeia 70 Euthydemus I 70 ff., 76, 77, 85 Euthydemus II 86 Euxine, the 1, 9 Ezekiel 6, 20 Ezion Geber (= Aelana, *q.v.*) 10, 90

c15.13

Fabulous races 65, 66 Fa-Hian 58, 60 fakirs 60 Falconer, Keith, *Bidpai* 179 Fausböll 25 Firmicus Maternus 174 Fleet, Dr J. F. 87, 172 Flood, the 15 frankincense 113, 124

c15.14

Galba 153 Gallienus 154 Gallus 154 Gandarii, the 19 Gandhāra 16, 17, 28, 32, 42, 77, 165, 167 Gandhāra pottery 171 Gandhāra sculptures 84, 163, 167, 168 Ganges 30, 38, 41 ff., 53, 64, 78, 105, 122, 123, 126, 131 ff., 161 Gangetic Gulf, the 132 Ganjām, R. 132 Garbha-Rakshaṇa 61 Gardafui, Cape 97, 110

c15.15

Gardner, P., *Cat. of Greek and Indo-Scythic Coins in B.M.* 72, 76 ff., 85, 164 Gārgī Saṃhitā 81, 173 Garuda pillar 162 Garuḍa, the vulture of Vishṇu 65 Gautama (see also Buddha) 22, 23, 58, 59, 82, 142, 157, 178 Gaza 128, 129 *Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency* 126 Gedrosia 38 gems 114 Genesis 11 *Geography of Ravenna* 120 Γεωργοί (Husbandmen) 51 Gerrha, 6 *Gesta Romanorum* 179 Gibbon, E., *Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire* 102 Gibraltar 98 Glaser, *Skizze der Geog. Arab.* 11 Gnosticism 138, 177 Goa 119 Golden Chersonese, the 5, 11, 43, 120, 133 Goldstücker, T., *Pāṇini, his place in Sanskrit Literature* 32 Gollas 148 Gondophares 83, 87 Gordians, the 154 Goths 151, 155 Gray, L. H. 180 Greece 13 Greek amphitheatre 169 “Greek curtain” 169, 170 Greek drama 169 Greek sculptors 165 Greek kings of Baktria, Sāgala, and the Panjāb 69 ff., 85, 86 Greeks 82, 83 Gregory XIII 142 Grenfell and Hunt, *Oxyrhynchus Papyri* 139 *Grihya Sūtras* 61 *Grundriss der Ind.-Ar. Philologie* 31 Gujarat (Ariake) 118, 139 *Gulliver’s Travels* 30 Gupta monarchs 166; period 168 Gymnosophists 142

c15.16

Hadrian 153 Halikarnassus 21 Hamilton, Capt., *New Account of the East Indies* 124

c15.17

Hamīrpur 82 Hastināpura 42, 43 Hastings, J., *Dictionary of the Bible* 11; *Dict. Religion and Ethics* 169 Havilah 11 Hector 140, 170 Hecuba 170 Hekataeus (of Miletus) 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 41, 66; *Periegesis* 19 Hekatompylus 1, 115, 128 Helen of Troy 140 Heliodorus 162 Heliogabalus 153 Heliokles 73, 76, 77, 85 Hellenic influence 170, 172 Hellenism 161, 162 Helmand 83 Herakles 60, 61, 141 Heraklitus 176 Hercules, temple of, at Erythrae 24 Herdsmen 51, 52 Hermaeus 84, 86 Hermes 139 Herodotus 3, 7, 16 ff., 30, 44, 89, 158 Heroopolite Gulf 89 Hēsidrus, the 64 Himālayas 25, 108 Hinayāna Buddhism 168 Hindu (*and variants*) 20 Hinduism 162 Hindu Kush 8, 21, 38, 75, 125, 161 Hindus 58, 60 Hippalus 109 ff., 120 Hippokleides 25 Hippokrates 172 Hippostratus 86 Hippuri (Kudremale) 150 Hira 115 Hiram, king of Tyre 10 Hirth, F., *China and the Roman Orient* 111, 115, 130 Hiuen Tsiang 51, 59, 68, 118, 143, 148, 149 Hiuen Tsiang, *Life of* (trans. by S. Beal) 149 Homer 18, 140, 156, 169 ff.; *Iliad* 140, 172; *Odyssey* 18 Homerites 113 Honorius 151, 152 Hopkins, E. W., *Great Epic of India* 68 Huan-ti 130

c15.18

Huc, Abbé 178 Huc et Gabet, *Voyages* 179 Hultzsch, Dr 100, 139 Huns, White 148 Huvishka 87 Hydaspes, R. 34 Hyderabad 119 Hydreumata 90; Apollo 91; New 91 Hylobioi (Vānaprastha) 62, 176 Hyparkhus, R. (? Ganges) 30 Hyperboreans, the 25, 66 Hyphasis, R. 33, 64

c15.19

Iamblichus 157 Ibn Jāfar Almansūr 179 Ichthyophagi 21 inchiver (ζιγγίβερις) 14 India, coast of 131 India and the Roman Empire 101-154 *Indian Antiquary* 164, 178 Indian buildings 168 Indian drama 169 ff. Indian literature 169 ff. Indian Ocean 19 indigo 114 Indo-Aryan village community 52 Indo-Parthian dynasty 84, 87 Indo-Parthians 163, 167 Indra 2, 61 Indrāgnidatta 162 Indus, R. 1, 2, 16, 18, 19, 30, 35, 41, 44, 53, 78, 114, 117 Intaphernes 25 intercourse between India and the West 155 Ionians 20 (*see Yavana, Yonakas*) Ipsus, battle of 92 Irān 28 Iranian deities 165 Iranians 69, 163 Irrawady delta 133 Isaiah 3, 11, 20 Isidore of Charax, *Σταθμοὶ Παρθικοί* 128 Italy 98 ivory 5, 10, 120, 123

c15.20

Jacobi, H., *De Hora Originibus* 174 Jaigad 119 Jaimini Bhārata 177 Jains 60, 157 jāmitra (διάμετρον) 174

c15.21

Jamnā, R. 42, 53, 64 jangāla 122 Jātaka 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 168, 179, 180 Java 131, 134, 138, 139 Javan 7 Jews 176 jewels 120 Jifātin Islands 91 Jihlam 34, 42 Job, Book of 11 John of Damascus, St 142 Josephus, Ant. Jud. 11 Journal of Philology 25, 180 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 68, 100, 107, 118, 121, 124, 151, 162, 163, 165, 166, 171, 172 Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 126 Jovian 154 Judaea 3, 10 Julian 154 Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico 159 Justin 6, 37, 75, 76 Justinian 116 Justinus 151

c15.22

Kābul 17, 77, 84 Kābul valley 83 Kadphises I (Kujūla) 84, 87, 107, 108, 164; II (Wima) 87, 109, 164 Kaenitae (? Kārwād) 119 Kalanos 59, 108 Kalasi 78 Kālidāsa 47, 170, 172, 174; Śakuntalā 47 Kālinadī 42 Kalinga 139 Kalinipaxa (? Kanyākubja or Kanauj) 42, 64, 65 Kalliatiae (? Kaliantiae) 19 Kalyān 119, 148 Kamara (Khaberis emporium) 122 Kampot (or Kang-Kao), R. 132 Kamsa 177 Kanarese dialect 140 Kanauj 42 Kane 113 Kang-Kao, R. 132 Kānheri 146 Kanishka 79, 84, 87, 109, 164, 165, 168, 171 Kanyākubja 42 Kāpīśa 72, 77

c15.23

Kappadokia, 2 kara (taxes) 177 Karachi 124 Kārla caves 85, 162 Karmania 110 Karmanian Desert, the 1, 9, 16, 70 kārppu (κάρπιον) 14, 30 Kārwād 119 Karyanda 21, 158 Kashgar 69, 115 Kashmīr (Kāśyapa-mīra) 16, 114, 124 Kasii 115 Kaspapyrus 16, 19, 20 κασσίτερος (kastīra) 13 Kathaei, the 59 Kathiāwār, 59, 71 Kattigara (? Kian-chi) 133, 135, 136 Kausia 74 Kauṭilīya Artha Śāstra 41, 67, 68, 118 Kautilya (or Chāṇakya) 67, 68 Kāviri, R. 121, 122 Kaye, J. W. 172 Keith, A. B.; Pythagoras and Transmigration 156 Kennedy, J. 2, 177 Kerobothra (or Keralaputra) 120 khadga (καρτάζων) 30 Khaibar, the 43 Khandahār 83 Kharōshṭhī script 28, 32, 72 Kian-chi (and see Kattigara) 136 Kings I 10, 13 Kirāta 27 Kirātāśin 65 Kirrhadīi (= Kirāta) 65 Kleitarchus 60, 108 Kling (= India) 139 Koft (and see Koptos) 90 kolandia 122 Koniaki 93 koph (kapi) 11, 13 Koptos (= Koft, q.v.) 90, 91, 111 Kory, Cape 93, 131 Kosmas Indikopleustes 5, 92, 104, 124, 147 ff., 152; Christian Topography 104 Kottonara (Kolatta-nadu, i.e. Tellicherry) 112 Krishna 177 Kshaharāta clan 84 Kshaharāta princes 167 Kshattriya (caste) 50 ff.

c15.24

Ktesias 8, 14, 16 ff., 29 ff., 33, 66, 155; *Indika* 26; *Persika* 27 Ktesiphon 1, 115, 128 Kubjā 177 Kuhn's *Zeitschrift* 2 *Kumārasambhava* 174 Kumārī, Cape 122 Kumārī or Devī 122 Κυνόμολγοι 66 Kunaxa, battle of 26 Κυνοκέφαλοι (= *Śvamukha*) 66 Kushān kings 84, 87, 103, 163, 164 Kushāns 84, 101, 114, 161, 162, 165, 167

c15.25

Laccadive islands (= *Laksha dvīpa*) 147 Lacôte, F., *Essai sur Guṇādhya et le Bṛihatkathā* 180 Ladāk 24 Lamaist ritual 178 Lassen 29 ff., 42; *Indische Alterthumskunde* 11, 17, 29, 123 Law, N. N., *The Ancient Hindu Polity* 68 Leipsius, *Denkmäler* 99 *leṇa* 162 Leo I 154; II 154 Leuke Kome 90, 129 Levant 115 Lévi, Sylvain, *Théâtre Indien* 169 Lhassa 178 Liaka Kusūlaka 83, 87 Libya, 19, 66 Lillie, A., *India in Primitive Christianity* 176 Lindner, *Die Iranische Flutsage* 15 Linnaean Society, *Trans. of* 126 Lixus, R. 98 Llamas 179 *Lōeb Classical Library* 142 Logos, doctrine of the 176 Lorinser, Dr, *Die Bhagavad Gītā* 178 Lucium 29 Lucretius 13 lycium (berberry) 114, 125 Lysias 86

c15.26

McCrindle, J. W., *Ancient India* 8, 22, 23, 26, 66, 77, 142, 152, 157 Macdonell, A. A., *Hist. of Sansk. Lit.* 169; *Vedic Index* 15

c15.27

Macrinus 153 Madeira 99 Madhyadeśa 82 Madhyamikā 80, 81, 117 Madras 102, 122 Madura 166 Maes (Titianus) 115 Maesolia (Masalia) 132 Magadha 33, 38, 80 *Mahābhārata* 23, 27, 68, 172, 178 Mahāpadma (see Xandrames) 33 *Mahāparinibbāna Sutta* 82 *Mahāvaṃsa* 4, 34, 35 Mahoshadha *Jātaka* 11 Μακρόβιοι 66 Malabar (Male) 110, 148 Malacca, Straits of 131 Malala, Johannes 152 *Mālavikāgnimitra* 81 Malay Peninsula 133 malobathrum 123, 125 Mālvan 119 Mālwā 117 Mambarus (? Nahapāna) 118 Manār, gulf of 150 Mandagora (? Bankot) 119 Mandanis 62 Mandeville, Sir John 26 Mangalore 120 Mangaroutha (Mangalore) 148 Manicheans, the 138 Manicheism 177 Manu 53, 57; code of 138 Marcellus, theatre of 109 Marcion 154 Marco Polo 149 Marcus Aurelius 127, 129, 153 Mardonius 27 Marinus of Tyre 130, 132 Marseilles 98 Marshall, Sir J. H. 163, 165, 171 *Martichora* 30 *Marusthālī* 21 Masalia 123 Massacre of the Innocents 177 Massagetae, the 22 Masulipatam district 132 Mathurā 80, 81, 83, 87, 177 Maues (= Moga = Moa?) 83, 86 Mauretania 98 Maurya Emperors 28, 39, 79, 81, 117, 160 ff. Maurya Empire, the 29, 33 ff., 49 ff., 70, 161 Maximinus 154

c15.28

Medicine, Greek and Indian 172 Mediterranean, the 4, 19, 88 Mediterranean ports 8 Megasthenes 22, 23, 26, 28, 33 ff., 39 ff., 49 ff., 67, 68, 93, 105, 109, 142, 174 Megisba, lake 153 Mekrān coast 6, 21; desert 35 Melizigara (? Jaigaḍ) 110, 119 Memnonian Susa 48 Menander 72, 76 ff., 82, 86, 114, 116, 117, 162, 171, 172 Merchant of Venice 180 Μηρός (Bacchus legend) 61 Meru, Mount 61 Mesopotamia 128 Metempsychosis (παλιγγενεσία) 156, 159, 177 Meyer, E. 2 Milinda (= Menander, q.v.) 77 Milinda Pañha 77 ff.; Siamese version of the 82 Milton 20 Minayef, Prof. 4 Minnagara (Min-nagara) 114 Mitanni, in Kappadokia 2 Mithradates 73 Mitra 2 Mitra, Rajendralāl 139 Moabite Stone, the 15 Mocha (= Muza, q.v.) 94 Moga, see Maues Moghal Empire 92 Mommsen, Th., Provinces of the Roman Empire 103 Mon. Ancyranum 107 Mongolian hillmen 123 Mongolians 65 Μονόμματοι (= Ekāksha) 66 Moon, temple of the, at Mugheir 3 Morin, Jean, Dessin des Animaux en Grèce 9 Moscha 113 Moses, bishop of Adule 147 Mṛcchakaṭikā 169 Mudrā Rākshasa 46, 47 Mugheir 3 Mukerji, R., Indian Shipping 5, 121, 139 Mukti (Emancipation) 175 Müller, Carl, Frag. Hist. Graec. Min. 39 Müller, Max 26; Physical Religion 2; Selected Essays 142 muslin 100, 117, 123 Muza (= Mocha) 94, 95, 112

c15.29

Muziris (? Muyiri-koṭṭa) (= Cranganore), Malabar coast, 108, 111, 120, 121 Myos Hormos (Mussel Harbour) 91, 104, 106, 111 Myrrh 125, 126

c15.30

Nahapāna 84, 87 Naksh-i-Rastam inscriptions 17 Nālandā monastery 143 NANAIA (Anaitis, the goddess) 164 Nanda 177 Nanda Rāja (? Xandrames) 33 Nandrus 37 Nārada 178 nard (citronella) 114 Nardostachys Jatamansi 126 Narmadā, R. 116, 117 Nāsatyā (the Aśvins) 2 Nāsik 118; caves 85, 162 Nations of India 147 Naukratis 89 Naustathmos (Alexander's Haven) 35 Nearchus 35, 55, 105 Nebuchadnezzar I 3; II 7 Negrais, Cape 132 Nelkynda (? Nil-kantha) 108, 111, 120, 121, 130 Neo-platonism 138, 141, 142, 175 Neo-platonists 175 Neo-Sassanian Empire 151 Nepal 65, 115 Nero 104, 127, 153 Nerva 153 Nestorian Church 148, 177 Nicolaus of Damascus 108 Nikaea 34 Nikias 86 Nile, the 19, 30, 44, 88 ff. Nineveh 1, 7 Noah 5 Nubia 91 Numerian 154 Nushirvan, king of Persia 179

c15.31

Okēlis 111, 112 Ὠκύποδες (= Μονόσκελοι = Μονόκωλοι) 66 Oldenburg, H. 2 olibanum (al-luban) 125 Oman, coast of 12 Ommana 113 Onesikritus 62, 105 Ophir 1, 10 ff., 17

c15.32

Opiae, the 19 Oppert, G., *Trade with Ancient India* 126 Orathra (Surāṣṭra) 148 Origen 138, 177 Orissa 123 Orosius 74 Orphic schools 156 Orthagnes 87 ὄρυζα 14 *Ostasiatische Zeitschrift* 9 Othello 26 Otho 153 ’Ωτόκλινοι 65 Overseers (’Επίσκοποι) 54 Oxus, R. 1, 9, 69, 70, 74, 75, 161 Oxydrakae, the 61 Oxyrhynchus 139 Oxyrhynchus Papyri 139 Ozene (= Ujjain) 117

c15.33

Padaei, the (? Bhīls) 22 Padiyūr 101 *pāduka* 168 Pahlava tribes 83 Paitāmaha Siddhānta 173 Paithān 119 Pakhtū (Pashtū *or* Pathāns) 17 Pakhtū district 21 Pakores 87 Paktyike 16, 17 Palaesimundus (? Palaisimanta) 152 Palaipatmai (? Dhābol *or* Pāripatana) 119 Palibothra 65 Palmyra 2, 128, 129 Palura 131, 132 Pamirs, the 71 Pan 141 Pañcha Tantra 179 Pañchāla country 81 *panchāyats* 56, 59, 67 Pandion 107 Πανδορή 66 Pāṇḍya (Pandion) kings of Madurā 107, 120 Pāṇḍyas 167 Panemus 163 Pāṇini 32, 158 Panjāb, the 1, 7, 21, 24, 34, 63, 76, 108, 114, 160, 161, 165, 167, 171 Pantaenus 141 Pantaleon 86 Pariahs 58

c15.34

Pāripatana 119 Paropamisus 71 Parthenon 170 Parthia 69, 70, 89, 128 Parthians 83, 129, 130 Paruparaesanna (Paropamisus) 17 *Paśchādaṅgulaja* 27, 66 Patala (Patalene) (= Bahmanābād) 34, 35 Pātala (Potana) 94, 110, 114 Pāṭaliputra 38, 40, 41 ff., 68, 79, 80, 93, 161 Patañjali 81, 175 Pātika 83, 87, 163 Pativedakā 51 Patrokles 93 Pattalene 71 Paul of Alexandria 173, 176 Paulīśa Siddhānta 173 Pausanias 31 *Pax Romana* 101 Pegu 133 Peithon 36 pepper 102, 112, 120, 147, 151 *Periplus Maris Erythraei* 3, 17, 20, 47, 65, 94, 95, 106, 110, 112, 113, 116, 118, 130, 132 ff., 136, 147, 152, 170 Persepolis 68 Persepolis inscriptions, the 17 Persia 15, 148, 149, 178 Persian Gulf 1, 6, 12, 17, 35, 113 Persian period, the 16 ff. Peshāwar 161, 165, 171 Petra 90, 115, 128, 129 ‘petri’ (*patra*, leaves) 123 Peukelaotis (Pushkalāvatī) 42, 64 Peukelaus 86 Peutinger Tables 120, 121 Pharaoh Necho 89 Philip 154 Philip, satrap of Parthia 35 Philo 176 Philosophers 51 Philostratus 107, 146 Philoxenus 86 Phison, the (of Genesis) 148 Phoenicians 6, 7, 12 Photius 26, 29, 40; *Bibliotheke* 31 Pillay, *The Tamils eighteen hundred years ago* 47, 121 Pilpay (*or* Bidpai) 179 *pipali* (πέπερι) 14 Plato 61, 157; *Laws* 158; *Republic* 157 Plato, Baktrian king 86

c15.35

Plautus, *Mercator* 139 Pliny 5, 20, 24, 39 ff., 66, 92, 102, 104, 105, 110, 112, 115, 124, 126, 150, 152 Plutarch 77, 82, 170; *Vit. Alex.* 33, 141; *Sertorius* 99 πνευματικοί 177 Poduca (Puducheri or Pondicherry) 122 Polybius 74, 92 Pompeii 105 Poppoea 104 Porphyry 141, 142, 174 Port Said 94 Port Sudan 92 Portuguese 14 Porus (= Paurava) 36, 40, 92, 107 Poseidonius 96 Potana (= Pātala, *q.v.*) 94 Prākrit 171 Prasii, the 33 Prasii, country of the 152 Prayāga 42, 43, 51, 56, 65 Priam 140, 169 Priaulx, O. de B., *Indian Travel* 107, 140; *Indian Embassies to Rome* 107, 130, 140; *Life of Apollonius of Tyana* 140 Probus 154 Psalms, Book of 11 Pseudo-Kallisthenes 147, 148 ψυχικοί 177 Ptolemais Epitherōn (Ptolemais of the Hunts) 91, 92 Ptolemies, the 88-100 Ptolemy Auletes 100 Ptolemy Epiphanes 100 Ptolemy Euergetes I 92, 100; II 100 Ptolemy Lathyrus 97 Ptolemy Philadelphus 18, 19, 39, 48, 65, 71, 89, 90 ff., 100 Ptolemy Philometor 100 Ptolemy Philopator 94, 100 Ptolemy Soter I 100; II 94, 100 Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus), *Guide to Geography* 90, 106, 115, 130 ff. *puchuk* 124 *Pum-Savana* 61 "Punt, the land of" 10 Purāṇic legends 160 Pushyamitra 81 Pygmies (Τρισπάθιμοι) 27, 65, 66 Pyrrhus 92

c15.36

Pythagoras 61 Pythagorean philosophy 156, 175; schools 156; "tabus" 157 Rachia (Rājā) 152 Rājagṛiha 43 Rājavula 83, 87 Rājputāna 81 Rājputāna desert, the 21 Rāmāyaṇa 22, 43, 141, 172 Rāmgarh, Greek amphitheatre at 169 Ran of Kacch 116 Rapson, E. J., *Coins of the Āndhras* 162; *Indian Coins* 167 Ras abn Somer, bay of 91 Rawlinson, H. G., *Baktria* 73 Ray, P. C. 178 Red Sea 1, 9, 10, 88, 90 Reinaud, *Relations de l'Empire Romain avec l'Asie Oriental* 130 relic-worship 141, 176 Rhinokolura (= El Arish) 90, 129 Rhodopha (? Dabhai) 42, 64 Ridge, the (Delhi) 52 *Rig Veda*, 3, 4, 15, 156, 176 "Romaka" (= Alexandria) 173 *Romakākhyā prakṛititā* 173 *Romaka Siddhānta* 173 *Romance History of Alexander* 147 Roman Emperors 153, 163, 164 Roman Empire 163 Rome 101, 173 Roth, *Festgruss* 15 Rouse, W. H. D. 4 Royal City, the 44 Royal Councillors 54 Royal Road (Maurya domains) 29, 42, 64 Royal Road (Persia) 43 *Royal Tombs of the Persian Kings* 68 Ruanvelli, the great tope of 34 Sabaites 113 Sada 132 Sāgala (? Siālkot) 71, 79, 161, 162, 171 St Anthony 176 St Bartholomew 141 St Chrysostom, *Orations* 169 St Jerome 138 St John of Damascus, *Barlaam and Josaphat* 19, 142, 180 St Josaphat 142

c15.37

St Mark 126 St Martin, *Étude sur la Géog. Grecque* 64 St Matthew 141 Śaka (Sakae) tribe 75, 77, 82 ff., 163 Śaka dynasties 83, 86, 103, 161, 167 Śaka era 87 Sakastene (= Seistān) 83 Sāketa 80, 81 Śakti rites 61 Śakuntalā 47 ΣΑΛΗΝΗ 165 Sammurammat 8 Samos 109 Samudra Gupta 166 Sānchi 165 Sandales, see Sandanes Sandalwood 113 Sandanes (Sundara Śātakarṇi) 119, 143, 146 Sandbares 87 Sandrakottus (= Chandragupta, *q.v.*) 24, 28, 29, 37 sangāra (catamarans) 122 Sāṅkhya system 177 San letter, the 164 Sanskrit literature 179 Sapphara Metropolis 125 sapphire, a gigantic 149 Saraganus, the elder 119 Sarikol, Stone Tower of 69, 115 Sarmanes (*see also* Śramaṇa) 60, 62, 142 Sassanian dynasty 150 Sassanian Empire 166 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 15 Satī 59 Saussurea lappa 114, 124 Sayce, A. H. 2, 3; *Hibbert Lectures* 3; *Science of Language* 179 Schliemann, H., *Ilios* 8 Schwanbeck 23, 33, 40, 44, 49, 50 Seistān (= Sakastene) 83 Seleukids 29, 100 Seleukus I 100; II (*Kallinikus*) 100; III (*Soter*) 100; IV (*Philopator*) 100 Seleukus Nikator 38, 39, 49, 64, 91, 93 Semiramis 8, 27, 35 Semitic Empires of W. Asia 16 Semitic races 160 Sen, K. A. 126

c15.38

Sennacherib 6, 114 Septimius Severus 151, 153 Septuagint, the 11 Seres 43, 79, 152 Sertorius 99 Sesikrienae (? Vengurla) 119 Sesostris 89 Sewell, R., *Roman Coins found in India* 103, 121, 151 Shalmaneser III 3 Sheba 11 shen habbin (*ibhadanta*), ivory 11 shipwrights 53 Siam, Gulf of 132, 133 Sibae, the 61 Sibor (Simylla *or* Chaul) 148 Siddhāntas, five 173 Sidon, 2, 128 Sieladiba (Sinhala dvīpa) 149 Sigertis 71 Sigerus 110 Śilāditya 51 "silent barter" 124, 152 silk 101, 115, 123, 128 Silver Country 132, 134 Sind 36, 114 Sindhava 20 Sindhu, "Indian cotton" 2 Sindhu, R. 81 Sinhalese merchants 124 Sinhalese (*or* Lion people) 5, 149, 153 Sinus Aelaniticus 10 Sītā 141 Śiva 61, 141, 146 Skeat, W. W., *Oxford Chaucer* 180 Skiapodes, the 19, 26, 27, 66 Skōlēx 30 Skylax of Karyanda 16 ff., 24, 30, 65, 96, 111, 155, 158 Scythians 161, 163 Slavery 58 Smith, V. A. 107, 118; *Early History of India* 37, 47, 71, 83, 121; *Graeco-Roman Influence on Ancient Indian Civilization* 172 Soanus, R. 81 Śodāsa 83, 87 Sogdiana 75 Sokotra 94, 148 Sokotra (*Dioscorida* = Sukhā-dhāra-dvīpa) Solinus 40 Solomon 11, 13

c15.39

Soma juice, 58 Somali coast, the 104 Somaliland 9 Son, R. 44, 45 Sona, R. (*or Hiraṇyabāhu*) 24 Sonaparānta (Aurea Regio) 133 Sopāra 119 Σωφάρα (Ophir in the Septuagint) 11 Sophir, Coptic term for Southern India 11 Sophokles 170; *Antigone* 171 Sophon 99 Soptama (*Su-patana*) 122 Spalirises 87 spices 102, 104, 120, 125, 126 Spikenard (*Nardostachys Jatamansi*) 120, 126 Spooner, D. B. 68 Śramaṇa (*or Buddhists, q.v.*) 141, 160 Sramanaioi 176 stactē 126 Statīra, stater 167 Stein, A., *Ancient Geography of Kaśmīr* 17; *Zoroastrian Deities on Indo-Scythian Coins* 164 Stobaeus, *Physica* 144 “Stone Tower” of Sarikol 115 Storax (Benzoin) 126 Strabo 6, 8, 9, 22 ff., 39 ff., 58 ff., 66, 77 ff., 89 ff., 104 ff., 115, 129, 133, 137 Strato 76, 77, 86 Stromata, ed. Dindorf 141 Στρουθόποδες 66 stūpa (*or tope*) 141, 165 Styracaceae 126 Subhāgasena 92 Sudan 92 Śūdra (caste) 50 ff. Suez (= Arsinoe, *q.v.*) 1, 2, 12, 17, 18, 89, 111 Sulla 104 Sumatra 131, 148 Sumer 16 Śunga kings 80 Suppāra 5, 11 Surāṣṭra (= Kathiāwār and Surāt districts) 71 Surāt 117 Sūryya Siddhāntas 173 Susa 26, 28 Sutlej, R. 42 Suvarṇabhūmi 5, 133

c15.40

Śvetadvīpa 178 Swiss Guards 48 Syagrus, Cape (Ras Fārtak) 110, 113 Syburtius 40 Syrastrene (*Surāṣṭra*) 117 Syria 89, 101 Syrian art 167 Syrian Empire 93

c15.41

Tacitus 154 tāḍī 30 Takshasilā (see Taxila) 162 Tāmluk 42 Tāmralipti 5, 123 Tanjore 9 Tapropane (*Tāmraparnī*) 149 Tarn, W. W. “Hellenism in Baktria” 73 Tarshish 7 Tawney, C. H. 25, 81, 180 Taxila 28, 29, 42, 43, 56, 59, 63, 83, 87; inscription 163 teak 113 Telang, K. T., trans. of *Bhagavad Gītā* 178 Telephus 86 Tellicherry 112 Temala (*or Tamala*) 132 temples, Assyrian 114; Chaldean 114; rock 146 Tennant, Emerson, *Ceylon* 153 Ter (Tāgara) 119 Terebinthus 138, 142 Thapsacus 9 Thebaid, the 176 Theodosius I 154; II 154 Theophrastus, *History of Plants* 124 Therapeutae 176 Thermopylae 27 Thomas, the apostle 84 Thrace 156 Thracians 159 Three Caskets, story of the 180 “three guṇas” 177 “three qualities” 177 thuki-im (tokei) 11 Tiastanes 117 Tiberius 103, 153 tigers 109 Tigris, R. 128 Tinavelly 14 Tissa Wēwa 153 Titus 153 Togarum (? Devgaḍ) 119

c15.42

Tokosanna, R. 133 tortoise-shell 120 Toy Cart 169 ff. τραχηλίζοντες 110 Trajan 109, 127, 129, 140, 153, 163, 164 Trans-Gangetic India 133 Trial by Ordeal 144 trikoṇa (τρίγωνος) 174 Trimurti, shrine of the 146 Turkestan 148 Tykta 63 Tyrannoboas, see Auranoboas Tyre, 2, 7, 10, 89, 115, 128, 129

c15.43

Ucchaṅga Jātaka 25 Ujjain 56, 117, 173 ὑλικοί 177 Ummaga Jātaka 12 uplet 124 "Ur of the Chaldees" 3 Uttara-kuru (= Attakorae) 25, 66

c15.44

Vāch 176 vaiḍūrya (βήρυλλος) 14 Vaiśya (caste) 50 ff. Valens 154 Valerian 154 Vallabhas of Gujarat 177 Vānaprastha 62 Vaniyambādi 101 Varāhamihira 173, 174; Bṛhat Saṃhitā 173; Hora Jñāna 174; Pañcha Siddhāntikā 173 Varuṇa 2 Vasco da Gama 99, 102 Vāśiṣṭha Siddhānta 173 Vāsudeva 87 Vedabbha Jātaka 180 Vedas, the 156 Veddas 124 Vedic gods 2 Vengi (i.e. Kalinga) dialect 139 Vengurla 119 Vergil, Georgics 116 Vespasian 103, 153 vidūshaka (parasite) 169 Vijaya, prince, of Bengal 4 Vikings 121

c15.45

Vikramāditya era 87 Vilivāyakura II 118 Viṣṇu 15 Viṣṇu Purāṇa 177 vita (pimp) 169 Vitellius 153 Vizādrog 119 Vonones 83, 87 Von Schröder, L., Indiens Lit. und Cultur 169, 174; Pythagoras und die Inder 158

c15.46

Watts, G., Commercial Products of India 126 Weber, A. 177, 178; Indian Literature 172; Indische Studien 178; Sanskrit Literature 169 White Huns 148 Wilson, H. H., Ariana Antiqua 17 Wima Kadphises 87 Winckler, H. 2 Windisch, E., Greek Influence on Indian Drama 169