The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c11.149

v1.c11.149

After the conquest of Sind by the Yamīnī dynasty, its history becomes divided into two sections. The history of the northern half, from Multan down to approximately latitude 28°, becomes now finally connected with the history of the great Turkish dynasties of northern India. It remained under the Ghaznavids till 1175 A.D., when Muʻizz ud-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām conquered Multan and Uch, and appointed Nāṣir ud-Dīn Qabācha his governor over the conquered territory. After the death of Muʻizz ud-Dīn, Nāṣir ud-Dīn acknowledged the supremacy of Quṭb ud-Dīn Aibak, but on the latter's death he asserted his independence. In the year 1228 A.D. however, Iltutmish defeated him and he was drowned in the Indus near Bhakkar.¹ The history of Lower Sind is somewhat more complicated. From the accounts of Niẓām ud-Dīn and others it appears that Maḥmūd of Ghazni's conquest of Manṣūrah was not so thorough as in the case of Multan. An army laden with spoils and suffering from the extreme privations of a desert journey was apparently in no fit condition for any protracted campaign. So it does not appear to be probable that Maḥmūd could take steps for the systematic conquest of the land. Nominally, it continued to be regarded as included within the empire of the Yamīnīs, and later on appears to have been included within the dominions of the princes of Ghūr,² and the Sulṭāns of Delhi; but there are indications to show that not long after the death of Maḥmūd of Ghazni Lower Sind became practically independent under a local dynasty of Rajput origin. These were the Sūmras.