The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c12.97

v1.c12.97

The first thing that strikes us in the verses quoted above is the testimony of the historian of Kashmir to the strength of the illustrious Śāhi princes.³ Their dominions were placed between the *Darads* and the *Turuṣkas*. The seat of the Darads appears to have extended ‘from Citral and Yasin, across the Indus regions of Gilgit, Cilas, and Bunji to the Kisanganga valley in the immediate north of Kashmir.'¹ The *Turuṣkas* in the south were undoubtedly the Muhammadans, who were waging unceasing war against the Indian rulers of Afghanistan and Sīstān for more than two centuries. In spite of the vigorous resistance of the *Sāhis*, the Arabs, we have seen, had advanced step by step till Kābul itself fell in 870 A.D. Against this irresistible pressure, the *Sāhis* were gradually driven towards the Indian frontier, and again transferred their capital to *Udabhāṇḍapura*, the old capital of Kia-pi-shi. Already in the time of Kamalū the *Hindu Sāhis* were known as Rāis of Hindustan.²