Social and Political Life in the Vijayanagara Empire (A.D. 1346 – A.D. 1646) v2.c22.s3.7

v2.c22.s3.7

The princes and viceroys also assumed titles. Prince Virabhūpa in Śaka 1508 (A. D. 1586-87) bears the following birudus: *samaya-drōhara-gaṇḍa*, *Ayyāvaḷi-puravarādhīśvara* (Ailāvaḷipura of other records), and *dakṣiṇa-samudrēśa*.¹ Kṛṣṇappa Nāyaka, in a record dated Śaka 1489 (A. D. 1567), is given these titles—*Kañchīpuravarādhīśvara*, *Mōkālipaṭṭavardhana*, *samaya-drōhara gaṇḍa*, *samaya-kōlāhala*, *Ailāvaḷi puravarādhīśvara*, *Pāṇḍya-kula-sthāpanāchārya*, and *dakṣiṇasamudrādhipati*.² The Ummatūr chieftain Malla Rāja Odeyar, in A. D. 1532, was styled thus: "...*the lord of the Ummattūr kingdom, hunter of elephants, gēṇānka-chakrēśvara, javādi-kōlāhala, arasaṅka-sūnegāra, a Hanuman in crushing enemies....*"³