New History of the Marathas v2.c35: Chapter XXVI. Tragic End [1772]

New History of the Marathas v2.c35

Language: English

Chapter XXVI. Tragic End [1772]

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1 The Peshwa's incurable malady. 4 The wife and the mother. 2 His last will. 5 Character of the Peshwa. 3 Peaceful death. 6 Foreign eulogy. 7 Anecdotes.

1. The Peshwa's incurable malady.—What a tremendous strain must have been caused by the momentous events described above on the body and the mind of a boy called upon at the age of sixteen to manage the concerns of a far flung Empire in its hour of the greatest peril. A tall lean but muscular figure, fair and commanding in appearance, soon lost all its original vigour, particularly when it was discovered that an insidious wasting disease had housed itself in his frame unnoticed. For some time the patient fought the malady with his inborn courage and continued his usual hard work. Towards the end of 1770 he proceeded from Poona bent on completing his work in the Karnatak, but he so quickly broke down on the way, that he had to return from Miraj and yield himself to proper treatment. Thus his last two years were spent in seeking health, now at Katore on the Godavari, then at Sidhtek, and lastly at Theur in the vicinity of Poona.

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There was then no scientific treatment of tuberculosis, a disease called by the ancients Raj-Yakshma or the prince of diseases. In his case it was of the intestinal variety as can be ascertained from the unbearable pain in the stomach, which often made the Peshwa cry out for a dagger to open his bowels with. The lungs and the chest were intact. The Peshwa did not take long to realise that his end was approaching, but happily lived long enough to learn that splendid victories in the north had crowned his all too short a career and that Haidar Naik in the south had also been humbled though not crushed in the summer of 1772. The Mughal Emperor had again come under Maratha protection early in that year and been restored to his seat at Delhi, in opposition to the British plans, thereby exhibiting to the world that the batle of Panipat had not made a final decision. The various members of the Maratha confederacy had all been completely restored to the Peshwa’s allegiance, so that it became a legitimate boast of the Maratha nation that obedience and harmony were never more in evidence in the Maratha State than at this period. The Bhosles of Nagpur, the Gaikwads of Baroda, the Ghorpades of Gootty, the Pratinidhi and Babuji Naik were mercilessly corrected. The arch-intriguer Gangoba, Holkar’s Diwan, was made an example of; Tukoji Holkar, Ahalyabai, Mahadji Sindia became attached to the Peshwa as never before. The restraint put on the Peshwa’s uncle Raghunathrao, checked the factious tendency among others as well. Dada’s supporters Chinto Vithal, Sadashiv Ramchandra, Sakharam Hari learnt the lesson of their lives. Even men like Haripant Phadke and Nana Phadnis, the most confidential and trusted secretaries of the Peshwa, stood in the greatest awe of their master.¹

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¹ Gangadhar Tatya had to suffer confinement for three years for evading payment of heavy ransom of thirty lacs laid on him for having been the main instigator of Raghunathrao’s rebellion. He was severely caned in open Darbar, a treatment unbecoming for the head of a state in the opinion of some, but which doubtless served to strike terror into every heart.

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The veteran Sakharam Bapu shrank from playing his evil pranks. In the autumn of 1770 when work accumulated with which the Peshwa’s failing strength could not cope, he called upon Sakharam Bapu to dispose of the routine work and initiate Narayanrao into the administration. Brahmans were employed at different shrines to recite prayers and solicit divine favour for restoring the Peshwa’s health. His mother Gopikabai suggested certain sanctified rites, which were punctiliously carried out by Nana Phadnis under his own personal supervision. When returning from Miraj to Poona the Peshwa was weighed against gold on the bank of the Krishna; he was also again weighed at Katore on the Godavari and the metal was distributed in charity to the poor. Janoji Bhosle who had recently made his submission expressed great concern on account of the Peshwa’s ailment; he specially came to Poona during the summer of 1772, personally to plead with him to soften the rigour of his uncle’s confinement, lest, as was then believed, the prisoner should practise evil rites for hampering the Peshwa’s recovery.²

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² Janoji died at Tulzapur immediately after on 16th May 1772.

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While the Peshwa was seriously laid up at Poona, his mother too became very ill at Nasik and desired to proceed to Benares to end her life at that holy place. But the lady was persuaded to abandon her intention, as she was unable to bear the strain. The Peshwa wished to meet her; she could not come to Poona, nor could the Peshwa be taken to Nasik in his precarious state of health.³ Narayanrao used to be in close attendance upon the Peshwa, but the latter was not entirely satisfied with the way he behaved. This boy was fanciful, easily excitable, and inclined to disregard elderly folks and advisers. It is recorded in a paper dated 28th August 1771 that the Peshwa administered some strong advice to Narayanrao, on various matters. The severity of the admonition discloses the Peshwa’s extreme dissatisfaction with the young lad’s character.

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³ It is recorded that Gopikabai saw him at Poona for a few days in April 1771.

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The Peshwa was placed under expert treatment. Of the physicians who treated the patient in his last days at least three names are available. One was Baba Vaidya of Poona; there was a European physician probably from Goa; and there was one north Indian celebrity named Ganga Vishnu hailing from Jaipur who treated the Peshwa for some two years.

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2. The last will.—After the summer months of 1772, the Peshwa visibly grew worse and all hopes of recovery began to be given up. He strongly desired to end his life in the presence of his family deity Ganesh, and was therefore removed to the famous shrine at Theur where permission was granted to all and sundry to come and see him. Here he sent for his uncle Raghunathrao along with Narayanrao and the principal officers, and in their presence executed what has been called his last will, which is dated 30th September 1772, and which thus runs in substance:—

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1. “All my debts should be paid even by using, if necessary, my private purse in the possession of Guruji (Mahadaji Ballal) ;

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2. The system of farming the revenues is found oppressive to the ryots : it should be modified after a careful enquiry.

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3. The two holy places Prayag and Benares should be released from Muslim control. This was the ardent desire of my sires and now is the time to carry it out.

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4. My mother's desire to perform the pilgrimage of Benares should be fulfilled as soon as convenient.

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5. The obsequies of Bhau Saheb should be performed next February, whether aunt Parwatibai becomes sati or not.

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6. The annuities assigned to the worthy Brahmans of Benares should be regularly paid and continued in heredity.

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7. Dinners in connection with my funeral rites should be served to two lacs of Brahmans each with half an anna for dakshana.

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8. Dadasaheb should have five lacs of jagir assigned for his maintenance in order to keep him contented.

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9. The charities of the Shravan month should be continued as long as the administration brings in at least 5 lacs of revenue yearly."

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The responsible officers swore in the presence of Ganapati that they would execute all these wishes.

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3. Peaceful death.—The religious turn of the Peshwa's mind and his desire to render justice to all are evident in this paper. Thereupon knowing that his end was near, he called to his presence nearly every body of importance and spoke to them, taking his final leave in great composure of mind and peaceful satisfaction of duty done. His wife Ramabai mostly lived at Poona and occasionally visited her husband's death-bed like a pious and devoted wife. She performed severe austerities for his recovery. The malady often caused the patient excruciating pain and moments of agony, in which he loudly groaned calling upon his attendants to put him to death. In its last stage he abhorred the very sight of food, but when he abstained from eating anything, the people round him would not eat. For their sake he would force himself to take a light diet. To the last moment he was keen and conscious and as stern as ever, so that even in that weak condition people hardly dared to approach him. Sakharam Bapu and Nana Phadnis kept him constant company during his last days, and were enjoined to conduct the affairs of the State after him, making Narayanrao the Peshwa. In face of the cruel untimely death which he knew was fast approaching, with scarcely the strength to move his limbs in bed, he uttered not a single sigh of disappointment or sorrow. The thought that he had fulfilled his life’s task cheered him to the last. He invited Ramshastri to his presence as also the other worthies of his court and spoke parting words to each and all. To the last moment he retained his senses, and expired at 8 o’clock in the morning of Wednesday Kartik Krishna 8th, 18th November 1772.

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4. The wife and the mother.—The Peshwa’s wife Ramabai showed equal fortitude by immolating herself on the funeral pyre of her husband. She walked in procession in the midst of funeral music and the beating of drums for the distance of about half a mile from the temple to the river, where the cremation was to take place. Reaching the burning ghat at the edge of the water, she stood boldly and cheerfully on the holy stone (*Dharma-shila*) in front of her husband’s lifeless form, gave away in charity all the ornaments she was wearing, entrusted Narayanrao to the care of Dada Saheb, and with a serene countenance gave her blessings to all the assemblage. A small stone memorial erected in her pious memory stands today to remind the curious visitor of the blessed life of this loving pair, who departed in close company never to be parted in after life, Rama and Madhav, as the people believed, the very incarnation of Lord Krishna and his consort Lakshmi.

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Ramabai, daughter of Ramchandra Ballal Joshi of Miraj, was married on 9th December 1753 when she was six or seven years old and departed life at the age of twenty-six. She was handsome, strong and healthy. She bore her husband no children. She was a devoted wife always in awe of her husband and never interfered in concerns outside the palace. She often visited the holy places in the Deccan.

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Madhavrao’s mother Gopikabai was also a typical woman, strong-willed, shrewd and experienced from having watched the rising course of the Maratha State since the days of her renowned father-in-law. Madhavrao, it would seem, had taken more after his mother than his father. During the first year or two of her son’s Peshwaship she directed the affairs of State and offered advice on questions of moment. But when she came to realize that her interference bred a factious spirit at the court, she retired completely from Poona and took up her permanent residence at Gangapur near Nasik on the Godavari. Here she passed all her remaining life in prayer and worship till her death in 1788. She had an annuity of Rs. 12,000 assigned for her expenses. Though the mother and the son did not often meet, they exchanged frequent and regular correspondence which breathes intense affection and mutual regard. Madhavrao reported to his mother mostly in his own hand in Balbodh script every little affair of importance, not only of personal health but also those of a political character, battles, treaties, behaviour of officers and relatives. He freely sought her advice on critical occasions but never accepted it against his own judgment. Once she recommended that transit duties be remitted in the district of Nasik, as there was famine and grain scarcity. But the Peshwa did not accept the recommendation, urging that if he allowed remittance in one district, he would have to do the same in all others. Gopikabai was at least ten years older than Raghunathrao, who feared and respected her outwardly, although she spurned him for his wicked and selfish ways.

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5. Character of the Peshwa.—Of all the Peshwas Madhavrao stands by common consent as the greatest in point of character. He possessed all those qualities which a good ruler ought to have,—thorough honesty, love of impartial justice, quick despatch, concern for the welfare of the people committed to his charge, and an independent judgment, formed after full enquiry, upon which he acted without fear or favour. If one takes into account that he was only sixteen when called upon to manage the complex affairs of a widely spread Empire, and that within some eleven years, of which many were wasted in an unnecessary civil war and in fighting a consuming disease, he carried to completion the main objects of his three eminent predecessors, then only can one form a correct estimate of his powers. Indeed, he stands as an outstanding figure in Maratha history and as a brilliant ornament to his nation. He possessed the statesmanship of Balaji Vishvanath, a valour second only to that of Bajirao, and a sternness which his father lacked. He wiped off the disgrace which the Maratha nation had suffered on account of the disaster at Panipat, and restored the Maratha fortunes to such a glory that it is rightly claimed that the premature death of this young Peshwa was a greater blow to the Maratha State than the disaster of Panipat. The great historian Grant Duff has justly emphasized the same view by saying, that "the plains of Panipat were not more fatal to the Maratha Empire than the early end of this excellent prince."

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When the battle of Panipat carried away the three leading members of the Peshwa's house, Bhau Saheb, Vishvasrao, and Nana Saheb soon after the first two, it was commonly believed that the Maratha State would soon collapse. But Madhavrao in a short time managed to raise a new generation of capable leaders to take the place of those that had perished, and he raised the State to such a height of glory that if luckily he had been spared a few years more, there was every chance of the dream of a Maratha Empire for India conceived and fostered by Shivaji, Bajirao and others, coming true. Maratha supremacy never meant extinction of the Muslim or other nationalities. It only meant that supreme political power would rest with the Marathas. The Marathas claimed religious freedom for themselves and for all those who inhabited this vast continent. They did not suppress the Mughal Emperor of Delhi : they helped him to regain his lost throne and to maintain his rights and authority. They only claimed to guide his political counsels.

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But the preeminent service of Madhavrao consisted not so much in his achievements and conquests, either in the south or in the north, as in the general improvement of the moral tone of the Maratha administration to which hardly any of his predecessors had attended. Corruption was severely rooted out, the revenue system was so reformed as to conduce to the welfare and prosperity of the people. The judiciary began to function efficiently under the management of the eminent judge Ram Shastri. Complaints came to be speedily noticed and wrong-doers rightly punished. Many vexatious taxes and imposts were removed. Definite rules and conditions of service were framed and promulgated for the jagirdars and their military equipment.⁴ The whole administrative staff of officials came to be purged of various evil practices that had become rampant. The system of *Veth* or exaction of forced labour from lower classes, was entirely abolished, and every kind of service came to be paid for in cash. The very name of this Peshwa came to be held in awe by the rulers and the ruled in and out of the Maratha State. Agencies were employed to gather secret news by which reports of evil practices reached him, so that even his immediate servants used to be in great fear of the Peshwa’s punishment. Quite a new generation of honest and efficient officials, clerks, accountants, supervisors, revenue collectors, military suppliers, came to be reared up. Leaders and commanders of military corps shed their proverbial lethargy and became alert and obedient. The want of efficient artillery was keenly observed by this Peshwa, and he organized a special branch for the manufacture of fire-arms and ammunition. Indeed, this was one of the most important subjects which the Peshwa personally supervised and continuously toiled to improve.

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⁴ Madhavrao’s Diary by Vad. Vol. I, pp. 306-365, P. D. Vol. 39..

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Madhavrao was not only an administrator but by experience quickly became an efficient commander of large armies as well. He often exhibited unexampled valour and skill in strategy. He was certainly an autocrat of the type that was then common all over the world, but he was benevolent and selfless like his contemporaries in Europe. He devoted his whole life to the service of his people.

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The mere mention of a few outstanding names among his immediate and trustworthy subordinates, is enough to convince us how this Peshwa reared up a new race of men and purified the corrupt system of administration, raising it to a high level. Ram Shastri, Govind Shivram Tatya, Naro Appaji, Mahadaji Ballal Guruji, Trimbakrao Pethe, Gopalrao Patwardhan, Ramchandra Ganesh, Visaji Krishna, Nana Phadnis and his cousin Moroba, Haripant Phadke and his brothers, are some of the celebrities of Madhavrao’s creation. These names are to this day remembered as almost household words in Maharashtra. it is these men that worked to preserve the Maratha State in the chaotic situation which overtook it after this Peshwa's death. There is also a number of names of the opposite type who were severely dealt with and ultimately reclaimed. The Pratinidhis, Janoji Bhosle and his brothers and his minister Dewajipant, Chinto Vithal, the Chandrachud family, Babuji Naik, Murarrao Ghorpade, Naro Shankar, Sadashiv Ramchandra, all these learnt a new and salutary lesson. Ram Shastri was to Madhavrao more than what Ramdas was to Shivaji. He was a real guru and the final referee in all matters of a mundane nature, even outside his department of justice. He along with Govindpant Tatya and Guruji formed a trio which was respected and feared by high and low alike for their pure and upright character. Most of the sardars, Mahadji Sindia, Tukoji Holkar, Ahalyabai, Damaji Gaikwad and his sons, the large family of the Patwardhans, these and others became devoted and obedient servants of the Maratha State. The net revenue of that State at the time of this Peshwa's death has been variously calculated and may be reliably put down at about ten crores of rupees annually in the coin of those days.

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The trials and hardships to which Madhavrao was exposed since the very start of his short career, compelled him to detect the most vulnerable spot in the Maratha body politic. The Maratha State since Shahu's days had developed not as a strong unitary Government but as a confederation of states loosely held together under the central authority. In this confederacy the rights, duties and responsibilities of the feudatories had never been clearly defined or rigidly enforced. Madhavrao inherited this unfortunate legacy and found to his cost that the jagirdars either openly defied the central authority or joined the enemies of the State. With the help of competent confidential advisers he gradually succeeded in checking the evil by punishing the wrongdoers and creating solidarity and a workable unity in the Government. This significant achievement becomes plain not only in his wars and administrative measures, but even in the jealousy, which his growing power excited in the minds of the British. On 10th March 1771 the Madras Council wrote,—" From the present conduct of the Marathas both in the north and in the south and from the genius, spirit and ambition of Madhavrao we are inclined to suspect that their designs are not confined to the mere collection of Chauth, but extend to the subjugation of the whole peninsula.”⁵

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⁵ Dr. Sinha’s *Haidar Ali*, p. 157.

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6. Foreign eulogy.—Sir Richard Temple, by no means an admirer of things eastern, records the following eloquent testimony about the character of this Peshwa.

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“In some of the characters just depicted there has been found virtue of the secondary type, energy, courage, enthusiasm, patriotism and the like ; but in none of them is to be seen virtue of the purer, nobler, loftier quality. In Madhavrao there is virtue of the best stamp. In trying moments he evinced not only presence of mind but also a proud consciousness that by him an example should be set to all around. He chose ministers with discrimination, some of whom justified his choice by their subsequent achievements. He enforced strictness in the service of the state and strove to procure honesty so far as that was procurable in a corrupt age. If an instance occurred of bad faith in high places, he would denounce it with a frankness surprising to those who lived in evil times. Though obliged to keep the uncle out of positions which afforded opportunities of doing harm, yet he showed the utmost consideration towards his relative. When two of his officers during a siege wanted to fight a duel over a quarrel, he told them, instead to scale the deadly breach, promising to decree in favour of the disputant who should first plant the national flag upon the rampart. His care extended to the fiscal, the judicial, and the general departments. All men in his day knew that the head of the state was personally master of the work, was the friend of the oppressed and the foe of the oppressor, and was choosing agents who would carry out his beneficent orders. His thoughtfulness and considerateness were untiring and were often shown in a signal or graceful manner. For instance, he conferred benefits upon the descendants of the cavalry leader Santaji Ghorpade, who had been assassinated by Shivaji’s son and successor, in order that such tardy justice as might be possible after the lapse of a generation, should be done. All

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the while he was engaged in war and politics. He had to hold his own against the Nizam of the Deccan; to drive back Hydar Ali of Mysore, to retrieve that disaster at Panipat which had grieved his father to death. While greatly superior to his predecessors as a civil ruler, he was not inferior to them as a warlike commander. His lieutenants were just retrieving the Panipat disaster, when his own health, always delicate, gave way. Anticipating death, he adjured his uncle to protect the next Peshwa, who would be a boy to avert disunion from the reigning family and save the empire from distraction. What reply he received we know not: at all events he was allowed to die in hope; we shall soon see how cruelly the hope was belied. True to the habits of his race, he retired to a rural village not far from Poona, and died quietly in the 28th year of his age; and that village is to this day regarded by the Marathas as one of the most classic spots in their historic land. His childless widow, to whom he was devotedly attached, burnt herself with his corpse, to satisfy her grief as well as to obey the behests of her religion. This is an instance of those who are virtuous in their joint life and to whom death brings no separation.

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That Madhavrao, a Hindu Prince, should have done so much in so brief a life as his, under such disadvantages and despite such temptations that, before being cut off, in the heyday of his career, he should have evinced such capacity as this, not only in affairs susceptible of management by youthful genius, but also in matters ordinarily demanding the experience of ripe years, is truly astonishing. Indeed, he is for ever to be revered as the model prince, ‘the flos regum’ and as one of the finest characters that the Hindu nationality has ever produced.”[6]

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Writes Kincaid, “Threatened both by domestic and foreign enemies, Madhavrao triumphed signally over all. Yet his triumph had brought him no rest. Victorious over his foes he had spent his years in tireless labour to better the condition of his people. Every department was quickened by his supervision, his industry and his example. His secret intelligence was faultless; and no matter how remote the officer guilty of acts of tyranny, he rarely escaped punishment. The Peshwa's armies went well-equipped on service for the entire military organization was under his direct control. Quick to anger, he was no less quick to forgive. And the only fault that the harshest critic can find in this admirable ruler is, that he shortened a life precious to his people by his arduous and unceasing toil."

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⁶ Oriental Experience, pp. 393-396.

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7. Anecdotes.—Maharashtra still loves to repeat a number of anecdotes and reminiscences illustrating the high moral character of this Peshwa, which are doubtless substantially true and give an accurate picture of his personality. When Madhavrao like a pious Brahman, at first began to devote much of his time to prayer and ritual, Ram Shastri sternly rebuked him for neglecting his secular duties and advised him to repair to Benares to spend his life there, if he were inclined to be so sanctimonious. The Peshwa quietly and thankfully took the hint and dropped his priestly role. He doubtless possessed an irritable temper, but that only disclosed his aversion for injustice and wrong and his impatience to correct blemishes. On that account he soon came to be feared and obeyed.

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When he found that death was near, he set about destroying the accumulated store of secret state papers, referring to the low intrigues of his officials and servants. Sakharam Bapu learning what the Peshwa was doing, approached him and humbly remonstrated against this procedure. The Peshwa unable to move from his bed, asked Bapu to hand him a certain packet from the adjoining chest. When Bapu brought the bundle out, the Peshwa asked him to open it, read the contents and tell him whether he should destroy or keep it. To his amazement Bapu discovered that the papers in that bundle referred to his own secret intrigues and plots of a criminal nature deserving punishment. The Peshwa had in his possession those proofs of Bapu's guilt, but had never let him know what accusations had reached him through various channels.

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Madhavrao's attention to details excites our admiration. He inquires about the construction of unauthorized buildings in Poona. He scrutinizes the lists showing the number and pay of his attendants. From the Karnatak he inquires how Nana Phadnis was behaving in Poona, like a master or a servant.⁷ He wishes to be informed of the arrangements for supplying fodder to the cattle attached from Babuji Naik’s establishment at Baramati. His daily accounts contain references to very small items of expenditure such as Rs. 1-8 for lamp oil supplied to clerks. He personally chooses dresses and presents to be given to Nizam Ali and his suite or to an envoy from Goa or to Ghazi-ud-din. He minutely examines cases of embezzlement. There used to be much corruption among inspecting officers sent out to examine the military equipment of the jagirdars and sardars, the number and quality of their men and horses, their saddles and arms and accoutrements. The inspectors when bribed certified that there were no deficiencies. When complaints were received, the Peshwa sent his own trusted agents such as Guruji, Nana Phadnis, Naro Appaji to detect frauds. When these special agents arrived for inspection, the whole official staff was in consternation and quaked for the heavy punishments that awaited them. It would thus appear that this Peshwa’s rule was far above that of his contemporaries in rooting out official corruption and venality.

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⁷ P. D. 39. 64. This masterly letter illustrates the Peshwa’s character vividly.

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The Peshwa would not allow the ryots to be molested on any account. He paid compensation to them when they suffered losses from the march of troops. During his tours he personally inquired into the people’s grievances and removed the iniquities that he noticed. Remission of revenue was granted when there were political disturbances or failure of rain. A Kotwal’s duties and the rules which should guide him in his management of the towns, are found clearly set down in various documents issued by the Peshwa, and now reproduced in the Peshwa’s Diaries.

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This Peshwa’s death ushers in a new phase in Maratha history which will form the subject of my concluding volume.

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The first of these, the *Gospel of the Hebrews*, was used by the Jewish Christians of Palestine, and was probably a version of the Gospel of Matthew, though it contained some traditions not found in our canonical books. The *Gospel of the Egyptians* was used by the ascetic sects of Egypt, and was marked by a strong tendency towards mysticism and asceticism. The *Gospel of Peter* was used by the Docetists, and taught that Christ did not really suffer, but only appeared to do so.

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These gospels, and others like them, were not accepted by the Church as a whole, and were gradually lost or suppressed. The Church, however, felt the need for a standard collection of writings that would serve as a guide for faith and practice. This led to the formation of the New Testament canon, a process that took several centuries to complete.

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The first step in this process was the collection of the letters of Paul, which were widely circulated among the churches. Then came the four Gospels, which were accepted as the authoritative accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus. The Acts of the Apostles and the other epistles were gradually added, and finally the Book of Revelation.

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By the end of the second century, the core of the New Testament was generally accepted by the Church. The process of canonization was not a formal act of a council, but rather a gradual recognition by the churches of the writings that were most valuable for their life and worship. It was only in the fourth century that the canon was formally closed by the councils of the Church.

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The formation of the New Testament canon was a crucial event in the history of the Church. It provided a standard of faith and practice that helped to unify the Church and to protect it from the influence of heretical sects. It also ensured that the teachings of Jesus and the apostles would be preserved for future generations.

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*N.B.—Some topics of general interest are given under the individuals concerned.*

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ABAJI NAIK JOSHI of Baramati—married to Bajirao's sister 60; on pilgrimage with Radhabai 147. ABDUSSAMAD KH., Keeper of Sirhind—399-400. ABHAYSINH RATHOD—34 ; 111 ; appointed to Gujarat 123 ; murders Pilaji Gaikwad 131 ; 200. ADINA BEG, Governor of Panjab—386 ; 399 ; dies 401. AHALYABAI HOLKAR—becomes widow 327 ; defies Raghunathrao 508. AHMAD KH. BANGASH, the lame Pathan—362 ; offers sound advice to Shuja 505 ; 510 ; dies 511. AHMAD SHAH ABDALI—defeated at Manupur 237 ; previous life 357 ; in the Panjab 359 ; conquers the Panjab 364-366 ; invades Delhi, commits atrocities 387-390 ; returns after sacking Mathura 391 ; again in Panjab 407 ; overcomes Dattaji Sindia 409 ; encamps near Aligad 425 ; crosses over at Baghpat 425 ; routs Marathas at Panipat 436-444 ; conciliates the Peshwa and returns home 445 ; dies 448 ; 501. AHMAD SHAH, Emperor of Delhi—defeats Abdali and becomes Emperor 359 ; conducts war against the Wazir 367-369 ; murdered 379. AIWAZ KH., Asaf Jah's Captain—88 ; 92 ; 96 ; 98 ; 115 ; receives Bajirao 144. AJITSINH Rathod—33 ; 36 ; 37 ; 43 ; 46.

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ALAM ALI, Subahdar of the Deccan—44 ; 70 ; killed 71. ALAMGIR II, Emperor—installed 379 ; 381 ; murdered 409. ALIWARDI KH. Subahdar of Bengal—previous life 209 ; routs Bhaskar Ram 212 ; 215 ; massacres Maratha generals 221 ; agrees to pay Chauth 223-224 ; dies 225. AMBAJI TRIMBAK Purandare, Peshwa's Mutalik—44 ; 46 ; 124 ; 127. AMBIKABAI, wife of Shahu—41 ; 275. AMIN KH., Wazir of Delhi—37 ; 45 ; 72 ; dies 75. AMRITRAO Kadam Bande—13. ANANDRAO PAWAR of Dhar—125 ; 145. ANANDRAO SUMANT, Shahu's foreign Secretary—65 ; 74 ; 78 ; rejected by Bajirao 79 ; 115 ; 144 ; 159 ; 166. ANTAJI MANKESHWAR, Peshwa's capt. at Delhi—102 ; 357 ; 367 ; 369 ; 390 ; 398 ; 416 ; 439 ; killed at Panipat 442. ANUBAI, Bajirao's sister—60. ANUPGIR Gosavi, of Shuja's service—407 ; 443. ANWARUDDIN KH.—Nawab of Karnatak 258. AVJI KAVDE, a Capt. of Bajirao—123 ; 127 ; 155 ; 158 ; 194 ; 201. AZAM SHAH, Aurangzeb's son—12.

v2.c35.55

BABAJI NILAKANTH Parasnis of Kolhapur—119. BABUJI NAIK Joshi of Baramati—147 ; removed from Poona 157 ; 207 ; repulsed in Malwa 214 ;

v2.c35.56

petulent over his failure in Karnatak 259 ; 292 ; 297 ; 376 ; humbled by Madhavrao 493.

v2.c35.57

BABURAO MALHAR Barve, Bajirao's agent at Delhi—157 ; 4163 ; 165 ; 197.

v2.c35.58

BAHADUR SHAH, Emperor—11 ; 20 ; dies 31.

v2.c35.59

BAHIRO MORESHWAR Pingle, Peshwa—24, 26.

v2.c35.60

BAJI BHIVRAO Retrekar—102 ; 152 ; killed 172.

v2.c35.61

BAJIRAO I Peshwa—defeats the English 27 ; accompanies father to Delhi 44, exhibits qualities of leadership, invested with Peshwaship 65 ; his training and preparation 66 ; his extant letters 67 (f.n.) ; makes a spirited reply to his master 74 ; meets the Nizam 74, again 78 ; leads expeditions to Karnatak 88 ; forms alliance with Sadatulla 89 ; opposes Nizam's activities 95 ; encompasses him at Palkhed 97-99; exacts treaty of Mungi-Shevgaum 98 ; finishes period of probation 101 ; plans expeditions to Malwa 102-104 ; advises his brother 104; extricates Chhatrasal from his danger 105-107 ; described by Deepsinh 113 ; opposes Senapati Dabhade 125-130 ; meets Abhay-sinh 127 ; conducts war upon the Siddi 137 ; reports to Shahu on the war 139 ; visits Nizam at Rohe Rameshvar 143-145 ; tours in Rajputana 150 ; his first meeting with Sawai Jai Sinh 151 ; his dash upon Delhi 152-155 ; routs Nizam at Bhopal 156-160, exacts treaty of Dorah Sarai 159 ; watches Nadirshah's activities 164-168 ; divides Angrian estate 177 ; his attachment to Mastani 178-180 ; overcomes Nasir Jang 180 ; dies 181 ; character described 182-183 ; builds the Shaniwar palace 181. His policy and aims—why the Nizam was not extinguished 100, 184.

v2.c35.62

BAKAJI NAIK Mahadik, Angria's Capt.—137.

v2.c35.63

BAKHT SINH Rathod—382.

v2.c35.64

BALAJI BAJIRAO alias Nanasaheb Peshwa—his first expedition to the north 146., married 178 ; early life 190 ; effects a secret pact with Sambhaji of Kolhapur 192 ; his mastery in finance 193 ; proceeds north and meets Sawai Jaisinh 195 ; his meeting with Nizam 197 ; secures Malwa 198 ; encroaches upon Raghuji Bhosle's sphere 216 ; defeats Raghuji and befriends him 219 ; consolidates Bundelkhand 229 ; secures good graces of Queen Sagunabai 231 ; adjusts Rajput disputes 237 ; social effects of the Peshwa's contact with north India 240-246 ; his letter to Nana Purandare 241 ; imports dancing girls 242 ; nature of prevalent education 244 ; establishes phad 244 and 459 ; deprived of office 265 ; holds a grand conference at Poona 290 reconciles Tarabai 296 ; his objectives and weaknesses 300 ; proceeds into Karnatak 305 ; holds an assemblage at Nizamkonda 308 ; back at Satara 308 ; overcomes Damaji and effects a pact with him 310-312 ; conducts war with the Nizam 322-325 ; surprised at Kukdi 323 and obtains treaty of Bhalki 325, renovates the shrine of Trimbakeshver 325 ; organizes the gardi artillery 326 ; Karnatak nawabs 251 and 331 ; captures Savanur 327-329 ; makes further conquests in Karnatak 331-332 ; defeats Nizam Ali at Sindkhed 334 and at Udgir 336, decides Nagpur succession 342 ; sends a threat to the English 349-350, his naval policy 350 ; his entanglements in Delhi 357 ; his objectives in the north 363 and 404 ; 375 ; learns of Dattaji's fall 415 ; holds the Pattur Conference 416, takes a second wife and moves to Malwa 436 and 449, learns of the Panipat disaster 450 ; antecedent and remote causes of that event discussed 451 ; significance of the disaster 454 ; its political consequences 456 ; dies broken-hearted 457 ; character reviewed 458-461.

v2.c35.65

BALAJI MAHADEV Bhanu, Phadnis—44 ; 46 ; condolence letter addressed by Shahu to his son 48.

v2.c35.66

BALAJI VISHVANATH, 1st Peshwa—early career 17-18 ; made Peshwa 24 ; wins over Kanhoji Angre 26 ; concludes agreement with Hussain Ali 40 ; organizes the Husarat force 42 ; leads Maratha expedition to Delhi 44, befriends Nizam Asaf Jah 46 ; visits Benares and returns to Satara 47 ; introduces jagirdari system 53-56 ; plants Maratha colonies on basis of hereditary service 57 ; dies 59 ; progeny 60 ; character reviewed 60-61, his critics 62 ; his reverence for Brahmendraswari 136.

v2.c35.67

BALAVANTRAO MEHENDALE, Peshwa's capt.—301 ; 306 ; 331 ; 416 ; killed 430.

v2.c35.68

BALAVANTSINH of Benares—dies 513.

v2.c35.69

BARHANJI MOHITE—288 ; 290.

v2.c35.70

BASALATJANG—195 ; 336.

v2.c35.71

BHAGAWANTRAO AMATYA—92 ; 116 ; 119 ; 270 ; 288.

v2.c35.72

BHAGAWANTSINH Adaru of Ghazipur—147.

v2.c35.73

BHASKAR RAM Kolhatkar, a Nagpur general—takes Chandasaheb into custody 210 ; devastates Bengal 211-213 ; routed during puja celebrations 212 ; massacred 221.

v2.c35.74

BHAU SINH THOKE—128.

v2.c35.75

BHAVANRAO PRATINIDHI—288.

v2.c35.76

BHIUBAI, Bajirao's sister—60.

v2.c35.77

BIJAYSINH RATHOD—381 ; 383 ; murders Jayappa Sindia 384-385.

v2.c35.78

BRAHMENDRASWAMI—135 ; takes residence near Satara 136 ; congratulates Chimnaji 140 ; his character explained 141 ; 191.

v2.c35.79

BRITISH—see English of Bombay.

v2.c35.80

BROME, English envoy to R'rao—446 ; meets R'rao 525.

v2.c35.81

BUSSY, French General—308 ; 320 ; 322 ; 324 ; at Bhalki 325 ; prepares an Indian Gardi force 326-327 ; 328 ; defends himself at Charminar 332 ; 333 ; retires and dies 336.

v2.c35.82

CHANDASAHEB of Karnatak—208 ; seizes Trichinopoly 252 ; captured and taken to Berar 255-257 ; 319 ; murdered 326.

v2.c35.83

CHANDRASEN JADHAV, Senapati—18 ; disloyal to Shahu 21 ; 24 ; dismissed 37 ; 56 ; 61 ; 73 ; 91 ; 92 ; 96 ; 98 ; 100 ; 144.

v2.c35.84

CHARLES BOONE, Governor of Bombay—27.

v2.c35.85

CHAUTH—12 ; 41 ; explained 49-54 ; agreement for all north India 365.

v2.c35.86

CHHATRASAL, Bundela raja—105 ; implores Bajirao for help 106 ; dies 108.

v2.c35.87

CHIMNAJI APPA, Bajirao's brother—married to Rakhmabai 60 ; 80 ; 97 ; proceeds to Malwa 102 ; enters Gujarat 123 ; kills Siddi Sat in a battle and is congratulated 140 ; leads an expedition to Bundelkhand 145 ; prevents Nasirjang from joining his father 157 ; conducts war upon the Portuguese 169-174 ; captures Thana 170 and Bassein 173 ; dies 191 ; 199. CHIMNAJI DAMODAR Moghe—13 ; 44 ; 93 ; 125 ; 128 ; 283. CHIMNAJI NARAYAN Sachiv—288 ; deprived of Sinhgad 291. CHINTO VITHAL, R'rao's Secretary—376 ; 473 ; 524 ; captured and imprisoned 525. CLIVE—burns Angria's navy and captures Vijaydurg 346-347 ; dreams of British Empire in India 351 ; 455 ; securess Diwani of Bengal 506.

v2.c35.88

DADO BHIMSEN, Bajirao's agent—102 ; 142. DALPATRAO THOKE, of the staff of Dabhade—123. DAMAJI GAIKWAD—129 ; 131 ; 158 ; 207 ; helps Babuji Naik against the Peshwa 214 ; raids Poona 305-308 ; defeats the Peshwa's force 306 ; routed at Satara 308 ; agrees to Peshwa's terms 312 ; captures Ahmadabad 313 ; 333 ; 416 ; 442 ; dies 531. DAMAJI THORAT—22 ; 61. DARYABAI NIMBALKAR Ramraja's sister—287 ; 293. DATTAJI SINDIA—at the battle of Sindkhed 333 ; 363 ; in the south 402 ; meets Holkar 403 ; proceeds to Delhi and Lahore with definite objectives 404 ; fails to secure Najibuddaula 405 ; locked at Shukratal 407-408 ; opposes the Abdali Shah 409 ; falls at Barari-ghat 410. DAUD KH. Panni—32 ; killed 33 ; 36. DAYA BAHADUR—66 ; 101 ; killed 102. DEEPSINH, a Rajput ambassador—111 ; leads an embassy to Satara 111-113 ; returns 115. DEVAJIPANT CHORGHODE, alias Diwakar Pandit, a Nagpur minister—342 ; creates trouble for the Peshwa, is imprisoned 527-529. DHANAJI JADHAV Senapati—deserts to Shahu 15 ; dies 17. DHONDO GOVIND, Bajirao's envoy at Delhi—151 ; 153 ; 166. DILAWAR ALI, Mughal Viceroy—Killed 70. DIWAKAR PANDIT—see Devajipant. DUPLEIX, French Governor—320.

v2.c35.89

ENGLISH (the) of Bombay—26 ; 135 ; send missions to Chimnaji, Shahu and Bajirao 174-176 ; execute a treaty with the Peshwa 175 ; capture Surat 314 ; join the Peshwa and put down Tulaji Angria 343 ; capture Suvarnadurg and Vijaydurg 345-348 ; oppose Maratha plans in the north 496 and 412.

v2.c35.90

FARRUKH SIYAR, Emperor—31 ; deposed 45. FATESINH BHOSLE of Akalkot—14 ; 55 ; 74 ; 88 ; 90 ; 96 ; at Trichinopoly 253-255 ; 308. FORDE (Capt.)—captures Northern Sarkars 336 ; at Vijaydurg 347.

v2.c35.91

GADADHAR PRALHAD Pratinidhi—17 ; 20 ; 22. GAMAJI YAMAJI Mutalik—294 ; 307 ; 475. GANPATRAO Mehendale—102. GANGA VISHNU, physician—treating Madhavrao 541. GANGADHAR YASHVANT Chandrachud—194 ; 362 ; 376 ; 447 ; sternly dealt with 540. GHAZIUDDIN the elder—born 195 ; 32 ; Wazir at Delhi 80 ; 157 ; 195 ; 322 ; killed 324 ; 366. GHAZIUDDIN the younger, Mir Shahbuddin, Imad-ul-mulk—367 ; 376 ; murders Ahmadshah 379 ; death 381 ; captures Mughlani Begam 386 ; 404 ; murders Alamgir II 409. GIRIDHAR BAHADUR—66 ; 83 ; 102 ; killed 102. GOPALRAO BARVE—398 ; 400. GOPALRAO PATWARDHAN—301 ; 331 ; with the Peshwa in north 449 ; 468 ; 470 ; 472 ; 477 ; 487 ; 525 ; fights with Haidar Ali 527-529 ; 532 ; dies 534. GOPIKABAI—married 178 ; 195 ; 461 ; 465 ; 468 ; 469 ; 477 ; 543-544. GORDON (Capt.)—on mission to Satara 175. GOVINDRAO CHITNIS—265 ; 266 ; 293. GOVIND HARI PATWARDHAN—201 ; surrenders Miraj 474. GOVINDPANT Bundele (Kher)—102 ; 145 ; 230 ; 357 ; 376 ; 382 ; 398 ; with Dattaji Sindia 405-407 ; 410 ; 417 ; killed 430. GOVINDRAO GAIKWAD—succeeds his father Damaji 532. GOVIND SHIVRAM, diplomat—351 ; on mission to Bombay 496 ; 523.

v2.c35.92

HAIBATRAO NIMBALKAR—13. HAIDAR ALI—470 ; Peshwa's war upon 486-488 ; peace effected 490 ; further war with 532-535. HAIDARJANG, Bussy's secretary—made Diwan of Salabat Jang and murdered 335. HAMID KH. one of Nizam's chiefs—144. HARI DAMODAR Nevalkar, ancestor of the Rani of Jhansi—defeated by Damaji 306 ; pursues the Pretender 494. HIRDESA, son of Chhatrasal—107.

v2.c35.93

IBRAHIM KH. Gardi—trained by Bussy 326 ; at Sindkhed 334 ; employed by the Peshwa 336 ; proceeds on Panipat expedition 417 ; 421 ; 429 ; 437 ; 441 ; killed 443. INCHBIRD (Capt.), English envoy—visits Chimnaji Appa and Bajirao 175. ISHWARISINH—succeeds Sawai Jaisinh at Jaipur and wages war with his brother 235 ; 237 ; swallows poison and dies 239.

v2.c35.94

JAGATRAJ, Chhatrasal's son—107. JAGJIVAN alias Dadoba Pratinidhi—264. JAHANDAR SHAH Emperor—31. JAHAN KH., Abdali's General 391 ; 392 ; 398 ; defeated in Panjab 408. JAISINH SAWAI—see Sawai Jaisinh. JANARDAN BABA Phadnis, father of Nana—152 ; at Savanur 328. JANARDANPANT, Peshwa's brother—194. JANKOJI SINDIA—at Sindkhed 333 ; with his father at Nagor 384 ; 386 ; 402 ; meets Holkar 403 ; wounded at Barari ghat 411 ; killed 443. JANOJI Bhosle of Nagpur—223 ; at Savanur 328 ; succeeds to his patrimony 342 ; 467 ; 468 ; 475 ; 478 ; is overcome and executes treaty of Daryapur 491 ; submits to the Peshwa and accepts treaty of Kankapur 527-529. JANOJI Nimbalkar, Nizam's Captain—321-322. JAWAHIR SINH Jat of Bharatpur—508 ; defeated and murdered 509. JAYAPPA SINDIA—succeeds his father 233, 235 ; falls out with Holkar 238 ; witnesses massacre of his followers at Jaipur 239 ; helps Safdar Jang 361 ; executes agreement for the protection of the Emperor 365 ; at Kumbher 375 ; closes the Jat war 377 ; marches into Marwar 383, murdered at Nagor 384. JAZIA—see p. 35 footnote. JIJABAI of Kolhapur—made prisoner 117 ; 267 ; 299 ; adopts Shivaji and dies 300 ; 327.

v2.c35.95

JOTIBA SINDIA, son of Ranoji—killed at Orchha 230 and 233.

v2.c35.96

JOTYAJI Kesarkar, Shahu's favoutite servant—12.

v2.c35.97

KALANDAR KH., Abdali's envoy—366.

v2.c35.98

KAMBAKHSH, Aurangzeb's son—killed 12 and 20.

v2.c35.99

KANHOJI ANGRE—22 ; 24 ; won over by Balaji Vishvanath 25 ; 55 ; death 133 ; 177.

v2.c35.100

KANHOJI BHOSLE—37 ; 55 ; 61 ; 65 ; 71 ; 74 ; 80, 91 ; joins the Nizam 100 and 114 ; 123.

v2.c35.101

KANTHAJI KADAM Bande—joins Nizam 114.

v2.c35.102

KASHIBAI, Bajirao's wife—151 ; 189 ; on pilgrimage to Benares 243.

v2.c35.103

KASHIBAI, wife of Bhaskar Ram—222.

v2.c35.104

KASHIRAJ, Peshwa's agent, author of Panipat bakhar—457 ; 441 ; examines the Panipat battlefield 443.

v2.c35.105

KAVIJANG, keeper of Ahmadnagar—surrenders the fort to the Peshwa 336.

v2.c35.106

KEDARJI SINDIA, cousin of Mahadji—495.

v2.c35.107

KHANDO BALLAL Chitnis—15 ; 24 ; 44.

v2.c35.108

KHAN DAURAN, Mir Bakhshi—111 ; 146 ; dies 165 ; 199.

v2.c35.109

KHANDERAO DABHADE—37 ; made senapati 38 ; 43 ; 44 ; 61 ; 65 ; 71 ; 74 ; dies 122.

v2.c35.110

KHANDERAO HOLKAR, Ahalyabai's husband—killed 377.

v2.c35.111

KISHORI—see Rani Kishori.

v2.c35.112

KONHER RAM, brother of Bhaskar Ram—222.

v2.c35.113

KRIPARAM, Jaipur envoy— 151 ; 166.

v2.c35.114

KRISHNARAO Joshi Chaskar—243.

v2.c35.115

KRISHNARAO KALE, diplomat—pre-sent in the Attock expedition 398.

v2.c35.116

KRISHNARAO KHATAVKAR—rebels 22.

v2.c35.117

KUTB SHAH, Najib Khan's guru—ousted from Saharanpur 397 ; cuts off Dattaji's head 411 ; killed by Bhau Saheb 424.

v2.c35.118

KUVAR BAHADUR, Deshmukh of Sinnar—96 ; 123.

v2.c35.119

LAKSHADHIR DALPATRAO, Chief of Peth—123.

v2.c35.120

MADAN SINH, son of Sambhaji—12, 41, 43.

v2.c35.121

MADHAVRAO I, Peshwa—457 ; receives robes of Peshwaship 465 ; opposes his uncle 469 ; submits to him 471 ; watches the assemblage of Alegaum 472 ; wins victory over Nizam at Rakshashbhuvan 479 ; asserts his power 481 ; events of his reign 485 ; captures Dharwar 487 and makes a treaty with Haidar Ali 490 ; meets and befriends Nizam Ali 492 ; overcomes Babuji Naik 493 ; 497 ; despatches an expedition to Delhi 509 ; explains his policy to his generals 511 ; offers directions to his generals 515 ; warns his uncle 521 ; punishes Janoji Bhosle 527-529 ; administers a stern rebuke to the Gaikwads 531 ; humbles Haidar Ali in a renewed war 532-534 ; his illness 539-541 ; mischiefmakers overcome 540 and 547 ; his last will 541 ; his death 542, wife becomes sati 543 ; character reviewed 544-546 ; new men trained 546 ; foreign eulogy upon him 548 ; anecdotes enumerated 549-550.

v2.c35.122

MADHOSINH of Jaipur—235, contrives Maratha massacre 239 ; defeated by Holkar 451 and 467 ; dies 510.

v2.c35.123

MAHADAJI Keshav Phadke, killed fighting at Mahim. MAHADAJI Krishna Joshi—13 ; his daughter Kashibai married to Bajirao 60. MAHADEV BHAT Hingne—44 ; 151 ; 153 ; 194 ; 199 ; 201 ; killed 233 ; his sons 234. MAHADJI SINDIA—obeys the Peshwa's call 478 and 481 ; early career 495 ; captures Delhi and restores the Emperor 514 ; avenges wrongs of Panipat upon the Rohillas 516. MAHADOBA PURANDARE—179 ; 189 ; 207 ; 259 ; estranged from the Peshwa 300 ; dismisses Muzaffar Kh. 327. MALHAR KRISHNA—murdered at Orchha 230. MALHARRAO BARVE, Maratha agent at Delhi 73. MALHARRAO HOLKAR—101 ; 126 ; 145 ; 153 ; 157 ; helps Nana Saheb to make a successful start 194 ; captures Dhar 201 ; 216 ; 235 ; estranged from Sindia 238 ; witnesses Maratha massacre at Jaipur 239 ; introduces Muzaffar Kh. Gardi into service 326 ; helps Safdar Jang 361 ; before Kumbher 375, swears vengeance against the Jat raja 377 ; supports Ghaziuddin murdering the Emperor 379 ; present at the siege of Savanur 385 ; saves Najib Kh. 396-397 ; with R'rao at Lahore 400-401 ; favours Najib Kh. 402 ; joins Sindia's camp 411 ; discomfited before Abdali 412 ; 421 ; his differences with Bhau Saheb 422 ; escapes safe from Panipat 442 ; retires from Delhi 446 ; defeats Madho Sinh 451 and 467 and 502 ; his wife Gautamabai dies 467 ; joins R'rao 470 ; worsted by Fletcher 505 ; dies 507.

v2.c35.124

MALIKA-ZAMANI—387 ; 399. MANAJI ANGRIA—139 ; 177 ; 246 ; dies 351. MANAJI SINDIA, rival to Mahadji, grandson of Sabaji—495. MANSARAM PUROHIT, a north India Pandit—elects to stay with Shahu 112. MAN SINH More—Shahu's Senapati 37. MASTANI—presented to Bajirao by Chhatrasal 108, and footnote ; her romance 178-179. MIR HABIB—210 ; 221 ; 223 ; killed 225. MIR JAFAR—kills Bhaskar Ram 221 ; rises against Alivardi Kh. 223 ; 224. MIR KASIM—takes part in the massacre of the Maratha generals 221 ; routed at Baxar 503 ; enemy of the British 513. MIR MANNU, Governor of the Panjab—358 ; 366 ; death 386. MIR MUGHAL alias Ruknud-daula—195. MIRZA NAJAF KH., Shah Alam's Diwan—514. MOHANSINH Rawal—13. MOSTYN, British envoy—496-497. MUBARIZ KH.—73-75(f.n. mentions his various names) ; 77 ; killed 81. MUDHAJI HARI—145. MUDHOJI BHOSLE—proposed for adoption by Shahu 267 ; at Savanur 328 ; made Senadhurandhar 342 (see Janoji). MUGHLANI BEGAM—raided by Ghazi-uddin 386 ; invites Abdali 387 ; helps the Shah in plundering Delhi 389 ; rightly served 392. MUHAMMAD KH. Bangash—66 ; opposes the Saiyads 72 ; attacks Chhatrasal 105 ; 107 ; 111 ; holds conferences with Nizam-ul-mulk 126 ; replaces Sawai Jaisinh 142 ; welcomes Radhabai 148 ; 153 ; 155.

v2.c35.125

MUHAMMAD SHAH, Emperor—installed 46 ; proceeds against Nadirshah, defeated and imprisoned 164-165 ; dies 359.

v2.c35.126

MUHKAM SINH—defeated 73.

v2.c35.127

MURARRAO GHORPADE—87-88-90-92 ; given charge of Trichinopoly 255; ousted by the Nizam 257 ; at Nizamkonda 308 ; joins the Nawab of Savanur against the Peshwa 329 ; 488 ; 490.

v2.c35.128

MARATHA OBJECTIVES and holy places—363 ; 380 ; 404.

v2.c35.129

MURSHID KULI KH.—209.

v2.c35.130

MUZAFFAR JANG—259 ; his opinion about Shahu 276 ; killed 305 ; 320.

v2.c35.131

MUZAFFAR KH. Gardi—trained by Bussy 326 ; deserts the Peshwa 327 ; fights at Savanur 327-329 ; attempts Bhau Saheb's life and punished with death 330.

v2.c35.132

MUZAFFAR KH. Mughal artillery officer—146.

v2.c35.133

NADIR SHAH—163 ; sacks Delhi 164-168 ; addresses a letter to Bajirao ; murdered 236 and 357.

v2.c35.134

NAJIB KHAN (or ud-daula) Rohilla chief—raises a false cry 364 ; 368 ; 381 ; 387 ; appeals to Malharrao Holkar 396 ; plays false to Dattaji Sindia 404-406 ; persuades Abdali to remain in India 418 ; wins over Shuja 419 ; 420 ; opposes Maratha peace-moves 423 ; severely handled 429 ; falls out with Abdali 445 ; 504 ; dies 510.

v2.c35.135

NANA PHADNIS—accompanies Bhau Saheb to Panipat 416 ; writes from Delhi 420 ; proceeds to Nasik 489 ; 551.

v2.c35.136

NANA PURANDARE—see Trimbak Sadashiv.

v2.c35.137

NANA SAHEB Peshwa—see Balaji Bajirao.

v2.c35.138

NARAYANRAO PESHWA—wounded 534 ; initiated into administration 540.

v2.c35.139

NARO GANGADHAR alias Ayaba Muzumdar—124.

v2.c35.140

NARO SHANKAR RAJE Bahadur—accompanies Balaji Vishvanath to Delhi 44 ; appointed to Bundelkhand 208 ; founds Jhansi 230 ; Governors of Jhansi 231 f.n. ; in the Panjab 405 ; with Dattaji Sindia 410 ; at Delhi 416 ; 429 ; abandons Delhi 446 ; joins R'rao 471 ; made Pratinidhi 474.