The Pandyan Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century c10.36

c10.36

³ A.R.E., 1906, p. 51, para 21 for the date of accession of Parāntaka Chola. See A.R.E., 1907, pp. 58-9 for the wars of Parāntaka against Madura, a masterly account by Venkayya. Also Hultzsch in J.R.A.S., 1913, pp. 524-6 partly based on Venkayya. My version of the wars given in the text does not differ materially from Venkayya’s. The changes I am inclined to make are (i) to base the 1st war only on the reference in the Mahāvaṃśa and the probabilities suggested by Inscription No. 29 of 1907, dated in A.D. 910 (See A.R.E. 1911, part ii, para 4), (ii) to treat the entire series of stanzas in the Udayēndiram and Tiruvālaṅgāḍu plates as references to the second war of Venkayya, (iii) to follow Hultzsch in making the ‘unsuccessful effort to obtain the Pāndya crown, etc., from Ceylon an event of the last years of Parāntaka’s reign. Mr. Venkayya seems to have thought that Maduraiyum Īlamum-Koṇḍa was a brand new title justified by a fresh attack on Madura and Ceylon together: but this strikes me as an unnecessary assumption. The title Maduraikoṇḍa might simply have changed to Maduraiyum-Īlamum-Koṇḍa, after the invasion of Ceylon. I may add also that when he proposes to date the third war of Parāntaka against Madura towards the close of his reign and apparently c. 943 A.D. A.R.E., 1907, p. 59, he seems to be forgetting the inscription No. 63 of 1905 found near Madura and dated in the thirty-third year of Parāntaka to which he