The Pandyan Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century c13.23

c13.23

These last references to Telinga Bhīma and Kulam and South Kalinga remind us strongly of the historical introduction of Kulōttunga's son and successor Vikrama Chola, whose expedition into the Kalinga country takes the first place in his Tamil inscriptions. 'On this occasion he defeated the Telinga Bhīma of Kulam who was apparently one of the Nāyakas of Ellore. . . . As Vikrama Chola's inscriptions place the Kalinga war not only before his coronation in A.D. 1118, but before his stay in Vengi, it must have taken place before the end of the reign of his father Kulōttunga I'—(Hultzsch). But in all probability this war was different from the famous Kalinga war of Kulōttunga celebrated in the *Kalingattuparani* and must be dated some years later.¹ It is likely that, as a feudatory of the Chola empire, Parāntaka Pāndya either accompanied Vikrama Chola in person or effectively assisted him in some manner in this expedition against the Telugu chieftain and the Kalinga Kingdom. His conquest of S. Travancore and the imposition of a tribute on that country and his attacks on Śālai and Viliñam should, however, have constituted a clear reversal of the arrangements made by Kulōttunga I in the early years of his reign, when he fortified Kōttāru and demarcated the boundary of the southern kingdom. It may be, however, that these achievements were undertaken with the knowledge of the Chola emperor and under his orders. It may be noted that we have references to a Parāntaka Valanādu as a sub-division of Rāja-rāja Pāndi-nādu in the inscriptions of Kulōttunga which come from Māramangalam (near Korkai) and are dated in the forty-fourth and forty-seventh years of Kulōttunga I (Nos. 161 and 164 of 1903).