The Pandyan Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century c22: Chronological Summary
The Pāṇḍyan Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century c22
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Chronological Summary
c22.1
C. 100-300. Śangam Age. C. 590. End of the Kaḷabhra interregnum. Accession of Kaḍungōn. C. 620. Accession of Māṛavarman Avaniśūḷāmaṇi. C. 645. ,, Śēndaṇ (Jayantavarman). C. 670. ,, Arikēsari Parāṅkuśa Māṛavarman. C. 710. ,, Kōccaḍayan Raṇadhira. C. 740. ,, Rājasimha (I) Māṛavarman Pallava-bhañjana. C. 765. ,, Jaṭila Parāntaka (I) Neḍunjaḍayan alias Varaguṇa Māhāraja.
770. Consecration of the Viṣṇu temple built by Māṛangāri at Ānamalai. C. 815. Accession of Śrī Māra Śrīvallabha.
862. Accession of Varaguṇavarman. C. 880. Battle of Śrī Purambiyam. Accession of Parāntaka (II) Vīranārāyaṇa Śaḍayan. C. 900. Accession of Rājasimha (II) Māṛavarman. C. 920. Capture of Madura by Parāntaka I Chola; end of the First Empire; flight of Rājasimha (II). C. 950-1000. Completion of the Chola conquest of the Pāṇḍyan kingdom. The wars of Vīra Pāṇḍya ‘who took the head of the Chola.’ Rāja Rāja I’s campaigns in the Pāṇḍya country. C. 1020. Rājēndra’s invasion and settlement of the Pāṇḍya country. C. 1020-70. The period of the Chola-Pāṇḍya Viceroys. Rājadhirāja’s wars in the Pāṇḍya country. C. 1080-1100. Kulottunga I’s invasion of the Pāṇḍya country. Jaṭāvarman Śrīvallabha and Māṛavarman Tribhuvanacakravartin Parākrama Pāṇḍya. C. 1120. Jaṭāvarman Parāntaka Pāṇḍya. C. 1132. Accession of Māṛavarman Śrīvallabha.
c22.3
C. 1162. Accession of Tribhuvanacakravartin Kulaśēkhara of the Civil War. C. 1168-70. Civil War between Kulaśēkhara and Parākrama. C. 1180. Accession of Vikrama Pāndya (son of Kulaśēkhara) and renewal of the Civil War by Vīra Pāndya (son of Parākrama). C. 1189. End of the Civil War and flight of Vīra Pāndya to Travancore. C. 1190. Accession of Jatāvarman Kulaśēkhara (I). Beginning of the Second Empire. C. 1216. Accession of Māravarman Sundara Pāndya (I). C. 1223. Restitution of the Chola country by Sundara Pāndya. 1238. Jatāvarman Kulaśēkhara (II). Accession of Māravarman Sundara Pāndya (II). 1251. Accession of Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (I). 1251-8. Sundara Pāndya's wars against the Cheras, the Hoysalas, Kōpperunjinga and Gandagōpāla. 1253. Jatāvarman Vīra Pāndya (I) (sub-king). 1268. Accession of Māravarman Kulaśēkhara (I). 1276. Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (II) (sub-king). 1283. Māravarman Vikrama Pandya (sub-king). C. 1284. Kulaśēkhara's conquest of Ceylon. 1291. Jatāvarman Śrīvallabha (sub-king ?) 1296-7. Jatāvarman Vīra Pāndya (II) (sub-king). 1303. Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (III) (sub-king). 1310-11. Murder of Kulaśēkhara (?). Civil war between Sundara Pāndya and Vīra Pāndya. Malik Kafur's invasion of Madura. 1311-13. The assumption of independence by Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara, Chera, and his conquest of the Pāndya country. End of the Second Empire. 1314. Māravarman Kulaśēkhara (II). 1315. Jatāvarman Parākrama Pāndya (I). C. 1317. Assertion of independence by Kulaśēkhara Sāmbuvarāya. Invasion of Muppidi Nāyaka and his capture of Kānchī. 1329-30. Establishment of the Sultanate of Madura.
c22.4
1334. Māravarman Vīra Pāndya (I). 1335. Māravarman Parākrama Pāndya. 1357. Jatāvarman Parākrama Pāndya (II). C. 1364–70. Kumāra Kampana’s wars against the Madura Sultanate. 1377–8. End of the Sultanate of Madura. 1395–6. Jatāvarman Kulaśēkhara (III). 1401. Jatāvarman Vikrama Pāndya. 1422. Arikēsari Parākrama Mānābharaṇa. 1429. Kulaśēkhara *alias* Śrīvallabha. 1436. Arikēśvara. 1443. Māravarman Vīra Pāndya (II). 1473. Jatāvarman Parākrama *alias* Vīra Pāndya. 1479. Parākrama *alias* Kulaśēkhara. 1531. Māravarman Sundara Pāndya (III). 1534. Jatāvarman Śrīvallabha ‘establisher of the Pāndya Kingdom.’ 1543. Kulaśēkhara Parākrama. 1551. Tirunelvēlipperumāḷ Kulaśēkhara. 1563. Ativīrarāma Śrīvallabha. 1588. Varatungarāma. 1615. Performance of a Vedic sacrifice by Varaguṇa Śrīvallabha *alias* Kulaśēkhara.