The Pandyan Kingdom from the Earliest Times to the Sixteenth Century c22.3

c22.3

C. 1162. Accession of Tribhuvanacakravartin Kulaśēkhara of the Civil War. C. 1168-70. Civil War between Kulaśēkhara and Parākrama. C. 1180. Accession of Vikrama Pāndya (son of Kulaśēkhara) and renewal of the Civil War by Vīra Pāndya (son of Parākrama). C. 1189. End of the Civil War and flight of Vīra Pāndya to Travancore. C. 1190. Accession of Jatāvarman Kulaśēkhara (I). Beginning of the Second Empire. C. 1216. Accession of Māravarman Sundara Pāndya (I). C. 1223. Restitution of the Chola country by Sundara Pāndya. 1238. Jatāvarman Kulaśēkhara (II). Accession of Māravarman Sundara Pāndya (II). 1251. Accession of Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (I). 1251-8. Sundara Pāndya's wars against the Cheras, the Hoysalas, Kōpperunjinga and Gandagōpāla. 1253. Jatāvarman Vīra Pāndya (I) (sub-king). 1268. Accession of Māravarman Kulaśēkhara (I). 1276. Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (II) (sub-king). 1283. Māravarman Vikrama Pandya (sub-king). C. 1284. Kulaśēkhara's conquest of Ceylon. 1291. Jatāvarman Śrīvallabha (sub-king ?) 1296-7. Jatāvarman Vīra Pāndya (II) (sub-king). 1303. Jatāvarman Sundara Pāndya (III) (sub-king). 1310-11. Murder of Kulaśēkhara (?). Civil war between Sundara Pāndya and Vīra Pāndya. Malik Kafur's invasion of Madura. 1311-13. The assumption of independence by Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara, Chera, and his conquest of the Pāndya country. End of the Second Empire. 1314. Māravarman Kulaśēkhara (II). 1315. Jatāvarman Parākrama Pāndya (I). C. 1317. Assertion of independence by Kulaśēkhara Sāmbuvarāya. Invasion of Muppidi Nāyaka and his capture of Kānchī. 1329-30. Establishment of the Sultanate of Madura.