The Colas c18.49.1

c18.49.1

In the *praśasti* of Rājēndra the name mentioned after Śrī Vijaya is Paṇṇai which has been identified with Pani or Panei on the east coast of Sumatra.¹¹² Ancient Malaiyūr was a principality 'at the southern end of the Malay peninsula, and precisely on the northern shore of the Old Singapore Strait where, besides the Malāyu river, time-worn traditions of a Malaya country and people confront the enquirer.'¹¹³ As for Māyiruḍingam which had the deep sea for its moat, this place is quite obviously the same as *Ji-lo-ting* mentioned by Chau Ju-kua among the dependencies of Śrī Vijaya. The same author also states that Ji-lo-ting and Kia-lo-hi 'are of the same kind' as Tan-ma-ling.¹¹⁴ Coedès has proved by decisive epigraphical evidence that Kia-lo-hi is the same place as Grahi at Jaiya and that consequently Ji-lo-ting (Yi-ru-ḍingam) which formed one of the northern dependencies of Śrī Vijaya must be sought somewhere in the region of Jaiya towards the centre of the Malay peninsula.¹¹⁵ Ilaṅgāśōkam has been very properly identified with Ling-ya-sseu-kia of Chau Ju-kua's list of dependencies, and its locality was to the south of the state of Kedah in the Malay peninsula.¹¹⁶ Māpappāḷam, as was shown by Venkayya, is mentioned in the *Mahāvaṁsa*¹¹⁷ under the name Papphāḷama,¹¹⁸ as the place where the Tamil general Ādicca landed when he was sent on an expedition against Rāmaññadēśa by Parākramabāhu I of Ceylon about a.d. 1165.