The Colas c34.44

c34.44

The *Nannūl* (Good Book) by Pavaṇandi, again a Jain author, is another work composed in the reign of Kulōttunga III. By its simplicity and terseness, the book has practically displaced all other works as the beginner’s handbook of Tamil grammar. The author was patronised by Amarābharaṇan Sīyagangan, a feudatory of Kulōttunga III. The *Nannūl* treats only of *eḻuttu* and *śol*, and it is not clear if the author stopped there, or if the rest of his work has been lost. The *Nambiyahapporuḷ* of Nārkavirājanambi is the last work that falls to be noticed here. Tamil literature divides its subject matter into two great divisions *Puram* and *Aham*, literally ‘external’ and ‘internal’, almost corresponding to the philosophical distinction between ‘objective’ and ‘subjective.’ The *ahapporuḷ* generally resolves itself into a minute analysis of subjective reactions to erotic situations, though this by no means exhausts the content of this division. It has been pointed out already that this work was composed in the reign of Māṟavarman Kulaśēkhara I and that it has been systematically illustrated in the *Tañjai-Vāṇan-Kōvai*,