Age of the Nandas and Mauryas c22: Index

Age of the Nandas and Mauryas c22

Language: English

Index

c22.1

Abastenoe, see Ambaṣṭhas, 40. Abhidhamma, 215, 302. *Abhidhānacintāmaṇi* of Hemachandra, 148. *Abhidharmapiṭaka*, 284. *Abhinavabhāratī* a commentary on the Nāṭya Śāstra, 329. Abhinavagupta, 329. Ābhiras, the, a tribe, 40. Abhisāra, (Abisares) the territory east of the Indus, 36, 50, 51-52; the king of, assisted by the Assakenians against Alexander, 35; and Pushkalāvatī, 36, 37; protestations of the loyalty of the rājā of, to Alexander, 64-65. Ab (h) isares, (Embisoros), the king of Abhisāra, 37, 50, 51, 52 55, 56, 59; fight of the Kathanians against, 66; made satrap of his own dominions, 68, 78; two serpents kept by, 98. Achaemenid (s) (Achaemenian), 3, 30, 32-33, 123, 260, 318; influence of the, on Maurya art 367-375 389, 390; over the Mauryan Court, 353, 359; successors of the, 34-42. Achaemenid empire, 1, 31, 189, 319, 352. Achaemenid inscriptions, 233. Achaemenian emperors, 318, 351 and n. Adhikṛtas same as Grāmikas, 22 *Adhyakṣas*, Superintendents, 115, 188; the *Arthaśāstra* on the duties of the, 180-181. Adraistai (Adhrṣṭas, Ariṣṭas), a tribe, 38; submission of the city of the, to Alexander, 66. Adzatathat (Ajātaśatru), 143.

c22.2

Aelian, a Greek writer, 86, 97, 166; on Indian birds, 99, 100; on the Mauryan palace at Pāṭaliputra, 159; on the sons of Chandragupta, 160; on war chariots in India, 110; one of the Kleitarchus' stories preserved by, 89. Agalassoi, see Agrasreṇis. Agenor, father of Peithon, 74, 78. *Agniskandhas*, 238. Agoranomoi, 272, 278. Agrāmtya, chief minister, 167. Agrammes (Augrasainya, Xandrames) see Mahāpadma, 14, 16, 23, 132, 141, 142, 145. Agronomoi, official of the rural administration in the Mauryan state, 120 and n; Megasthenes on the, 224. Agraśreṇis (Agalassoi), the, a rebullican tribe in North western India, subjugation of by Alexander, 39, 70-71. Ahandīru, on the Nandas and the Mauryas, 254. Āhāra, an adminisrtrative division under the Nandas, 22. Ahiṃsā, 233, 237, 239. Ahuramazda, 32. *Aitareya Brāhmaṇa*, 9, 15, 188, 321, 349. Aindra grammar, 328. Ajātaśatru (Adzatathat), 25, 143; father of Udāyi, 158, n; annexation of the Vrijis by, 19; conquest of Kośala by, 17. Ajita Keśa-Kambala, a Tirthika teacher, 295. Ajivakas, a community of religious men, 204, 212 215 n, 244, 245, 295-96, 299, 346, 385, 386; the, and Bindusāra, 169; and the Mahāmātras, 225; animosity of Kauṭilya towards the, 325; in Ceylon, 257. Akbar, 232. Akṣapaṭala, record office, 180. Ak (o) uphis, President of the hill state of Nysa, 35; leader of the Nysan deputation to Alexander, 48-9; visit of, to Alexander, 121. Alak (s) anda (kam), see Alexandria, 154, 199, 271. Alberuni, 12. Alexander, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35-39, 40, 41, 43, 83, 90 n. 91n, 92, 93, 100, 101, 115 n, 132, 143, 151, 153 n, 172, 173, 188, 178, 233, 262, 267, 292, 305; Achaemenian hegemony extinguished by, 1, 33, 318; Agrammes, the Nanda contemporary of, 141; altars of on the Hyphases, 353; arrangements by, for the administration of the conquered territories, 149; battle of, with Porus, 57-64; behaviour of, at Persepolis, 352; Bucephalus, the charger of, 130; campaigns of, in India, 45-80, 82; capture of Aornos by, 51-55; collection of snake charmers by, 98; end of the prefect of, 139, 145; exploration and return of, to Babylon, 76-78; features of the epoch after, 197-198; gold coins of, 280; historians of, 87-89; idea of, to conquer the Prasii, 87; importance of the Indian campaign of, 2; Indian coins of, 124-126; interview of, with the sages, 105, 106; meeting of Chandragupta with, 12, 14, 24, 133, 137, 142, 144; meeting of Sophytes with, 102 n., Mousikanos the contemporary of, 45; movements of, after the battle of the Jhelum, 64-66; the period to, from Herodotus, marked by a set back in the Greek knowledge of India, 87; presents to, by the Mālavas, 267, 269, by the king of Taxila, 36, 103; prohibition of the killing of peacocks by, 100; results of the invasion of India by, 78-80, 261; the return of, 68-70; and the Sibi, 39; and Sophytes, 98; unpopularity of the Nanda contemporary of, 24; visit of Akouphis to, 121; death of, in Babylon, 78, 149. Alexander of Corinth (Alikasundara), 206, 207, 217. Alexander of Epirus, 207 and n. 'Alexander's harbour', 76.

c22.3

Alexandria (Alasanda, Alakandakam), a city founded by Alexander, 46, 199, 273; the capital of Paropanisade, 78; capital of the Yonas, 154; Clemens of, 324. Alexandrophagus, devourer of of Alexander, 65 n. 'Alexandrum', 12, 144. Alikasundara (Alexander of Corinth), 206, 207, 217. Allahabad, Aśokan column at, 216, 313, 361. Allahabad-Kosam, Pillar edicts at, 205. Allitrochades, see Bindusāra, 166, 168. Alor (?), capital of Musicanus, 74. Amarāvati, reliefs at, 389. Amasia, Strabo came from, 91. Amātyas, dharmasthīya and kaṇṭakaśodhana courts presided over by the, 185; highhandedness of the, during the days of Bindusāra, 167. Ambaṣṭhas (Ambastanoi, Abastenoē, Sambastai, Sabargae), a tribe, 40, 74; submission of the, to Alexander, 74. Ambhi, (Omphis, Taxiles) 132, 139, 149; sent back to his capital by Alexander, 64; put in charge of the Indian province, 77-78; Philip in charge of the satrapy of, 78; reception of Alexander by, 55-57. Ambigares, ruler of Harmatelia, 41. Amitraghata (in), Amitrokhad (t) es, see Bindusāra, 89, 133, 166, 168, 315. Amitrochades, see Bindusāra, 166, 168. Ammon, libations to, by Alexander, 69, 75. Amyntas, 46. Anabasis, a work of Arrian, 88. Anantadeva, author of Rājadharmakaustubha, 140. Anāthapiṇḍika, of Śrāvastī, 270. Andhras, (Andrae), the, a tribe, 222, 217, 233, 321; Megasthenes on the, 43. Andracottu (o) s, see Chandragupta, 23, 24, 141, 144, 151, 158. Angirasa, 288. Animals in India, 95-100. Animals, Aśoka's arrangements for the convenience of, 238; prohibition of the slaughter of, 239. Animal columns, of the Aśokan pillars, 361-362. Animal sacrifice, prohibition of, 233. Animal standard (Dhvajastambha) worship of, 344. Antamahāmātras, officers of the borders, 226.

c22.4

Antapāla guardian of the frontier, 277, 278. Ant-gold, 95. Antialcidas, Heliodorus the ambassador of 305. Antigonus 151; favoured by Pithon, 150; war of Seleucus with, 137–38. Antigonus Gonatas of Macedonia (Antikena), 206, 207. Antikini, 217. Antiochus, (Soter), I of Syria, 152; 153 n, 169, 219; coins of, 129; and Bindusāra, 168–69; Deimachus sent by, to the court of Bindusāra, 354; letter of Bindusāra to, 160 n; and Subhagasena, 246. Antiochus Theos (Antiyoka, Antiochus II) 206, 207, 217, 238; and Asoka, 354; independence of Diodotus during the time of, 130. Antipater, 138; fight of Eumenes against, 150; regent of Macedonia, 149. Anurādhapura, capital of Ceylon 256, 257. Anusamyāna, tours of inspection, 227 Anulā, queen of Devānāmpiya Tissa, of Ceylon, 218–219, 258. Aornos, capture of, by Alexander, 51–55; Saśigupta at, 65. Apadānas, the 164. Aparānta, textile manufacture in, 262 Apastamba, 293, 333, 335. Apastamba Dharma sutra, 333, 334. Apes, method of the capture of, 96–97 Aphamiotai, 111. Appian, 137, 138, 139, 154, 158, 169; on the relations between Seleucus and Chandragupta, 151; on the residence of Chandragupta, 158 n; the Syriake of, 135. Arabia, 95. Arachosia (Kandahar), 33, 75, 153; given by Seleucus I to Chandragupta Maurya, 130; Sybyrtius the Satrap of, 89. Arachosians, colonisation of Rambakia with the, 77. Arachoti, 152. Aramaic inscription, 355 Aramaic script, 323, 352. Aranyakas, the 308. Arāṣṭras (Araṭṭas) Republics, 68, 337. Arbela, battle of, 318. Architecture, 339-340. Ardhamāgadhi dialect, 317, 347. Aria, 153; given by Seleucus I to Chandragupta Maurya, 130. Ariana, 91 n, satrapy of, 154. Arigaon, a city burnt and deserted by its residents, 48.

c22.5

Aristobulus, a follower of Alexander, 88; on the changes in the course of rivers, 93–94; on the customs at Taxila, 103; on the difference between the sanyāsins and the vānaprasthas 105; on the fertility of the soil and crops, 94; on the Indian sages, 104; on the law relating to discovery of deadly substance, 95; on the products of South India, 43; on rain and monsoon, in Northwest India, 92–3; on the snake, 98; on the size and shade of a tree, 94. Aristotle, on Keras, 43; Scylax cited by, 83. Aristoxeus, on the visit of Indian philosopher to Athens, 81 Arittha, a nephew of Devānāmpriya Tissa, 218. Ariunaka, Arjuna cult, 304–5. Arrian, 32, 36, 37, 41, 48, 58, 72, 74, 97, 99, 102n, 135, 139, 156, 157, 278; extracts from the memoirs of Nearchus in the works of, 88; on Alexander's invasion, 40; on Alexander's march to Pura, 77; on Alexander's interview with the sages, 104; on Aornos, 52–3; on the army of Porus, 57; on the division of the conquests of Alexander, 78; on the extent of the empire of Cyrus in the east, 30; on the equipment of the Indian foot soldier, 269; on Herakles, 101; on the husbandmen in India, 114; on the Indians, 101–102; on Indian rivers, 93; on Indian towns 357; on ivory works in India, 265; on the invasion of India by foreigners, 31; on leather works in India, 266; on the life of elephants, 96; on the location of the country of Sambhūti, 69; on the losses of the Indians and the Greeks in the battle of the Jhelum, 62; on the Mālavas, 39; on Megasthenes and Porus, 89–90 n; on the nomarchai, 39; on the Pāṇḍyan queen, 44; on the period between Dionysus and Sandrakottos, 101; on the position of the ruler of Takshaśila, 36; on the ruler of Abhisāra, 37; on slavery in India, 111–112; on the sophists, 116; on the submission of the Kshudrakas to Alexander, 73; on the system of government byond the Beas, 21. Arsakes, ruler of Uraśa, 36; placed under Abhisares, 68. Art in India, common elements between the, and foreign art, 351. Artaxerxes Mnemon, Ctesias, a physician in the court of, 86.

c22.6

*Arthaśāstra*, the 3, 112, 113, 115 116 164, 179, 181, 226, 228; the, a work on polity, 336–37; assigned to the age of Chandragupta Maurya, 12; authenticity of the, 172; the basis of the, 189–190; excurses on the, 190–201; value of the, 135; mantriparishad in the, 227; omission in the, of Kauṭilya’s part in the Mauryan revolution, 146; reference in the, to Udyana’s story, 330 n; *Tantrayuktis* borrowed from the by the *Tolkāppiyam*, 192; on the duties of the *adhyakshas*, 180–181; on *Anvikshiki*, 335; on architecture, 339–340; on arts, 332; on ascetics, 335; on the *Chakravartikshetram*, 172; on city administration, 121; on different types of chariots, 188; on different types of infantry, 188; on the encouragement of industry and trade by the state, 275–79; on the expenditure of the government, 184; on foreign policy, 187–188; on the ideal of good government, 190; on the king’s ownership of land, 177; on skin 265–66; on metallic ores, 266, 267; on the *nāvādhyaksha*, 189; on *pāṇḍyakavāṭa*, 252; on pearl necklace, 268; on popular lores, 338–339; on the *rajju*, 224; on republic, 173; on royal power, 175; on the safety of the king’s person, 176; on slaves, 275; on *Tantrayuktis*, 336; on trade, 270–71; on textile manufacture, 262–264; on the training of war horses and elephants, 122; on the units of currency, 279, 280; on the validity of royal decree, 174; on the Veda, 333; on the watchwords of the Mauryan government 360; on the worship of Sam karshaṇa, 306.

c22.7

Artisan, the 278; punishment for offences against, 279.

c22.8

*Āryamañjuśrīmūlakalpa*, the, on Pāṇini, 326; on the patronage of the Brahman Tārkikas by the Nandas, 324.

c22.9

Aryan India, division of into three parts, 310.

c22.10

Aryan speech, changes in the, 311–312; taken out of India, 318–319. spread of, 309.

c22.11

Ā (r) yaput (r) a, a title of the viceroy of Suvarṇagiri, 223.

c22.12

*Āryaśūra*, author of the *Jātakamālā*, 196.

c22.13

Aṣāḍhasena, 298.

c22.14

Aśm (v) aka, (Aspasians, Hippasioi, Hypassioi), a tribe in North western India, 26, 34, 47, 321; conquest of, by Alexander, 48; exterminated by Mahāpadma, 17, 18; an Aryan state, 321.

c22.15

Aśoka (Caṇḍāśoka, Kālāśoka, Kāmāśoka, Dharmāśoka, Piadamsana, Piyadassana, Piyadasi, Aśokavadhana, Devānāmpriya), 1, 11, 100, 108, 140, 162, 164, 165n, 167, 168, 176, 181, 182, 187, 192, 199, 202, 207, 208, 239, 241, 249, 298, 299, 301, 347, 355, 360; put to school under Pingala Nāga, 331, early life of, 208–10 and n; succession of, to the throne, 4, 170; administration under, 178, 223–226, 228–229; adoption of Buddhism by, 210–212, 303; and the Ājīvakas, 169, 296, 299,346; and the Buddhist *Sangha*, 169, 214–216, 285, 301, 302–304; and Devānāmpiya Tissa 258; and the fall of the Mauryan empire, 247; and the Nirgranthas, 299; and the southern kingdoms, 250; art during the time of, 245; building activities of, 384, 385; chronology of the reign of, 206–207; conquest of Kalinga by, 272, 309; a contemporary of Magas of Cyrene, 138; currency system during the days of, 282; date of the XIII Rock Edict of, 138; the Dhammavijaya of, 360; extent of the empire of, in the south 155–156, 203–204; 219–223; imperialism of, 390; inscriptions of, 3, 20, 171, 173, 200, 204–206; language of the inscriptions of, 312–319 341; military success of, 261; missions of, 171, 216–219, 273, 274, 318, 354; model for the inscriptions of, 359; north-western tribes under, 154; oral orders of, 226–227; patronage of Brahmanical learning by, 324; patronage of Dhamma by, 303; pilgrimage of 212–213, 221; the policy of Dharmanusasti of, 22; possible additions of, to Pātaliputra, 346; propaganda of, in the Hellenistic kingdoms, 273; race of, 141 and 142n; religious policy of, 229–234; remission of taxes by, in favour of Lumbini, 184; restoration of order by, in Taxila, 167; rule of, a great epoch, 3–4; sculpture under, 265; silence of Greek and Latin writers about, 168; sources for the reign of, 202–207 stone pillars of, 192, 265, 358, 361–69; traditions about, 214–215n; on the Pāshaṇḍas, 306; on the performance of *mangaḷas*, 306; weak successors of, 190, 243–248.

c22.16

Aśokārāma, 215.

c22.17

*Aśokavadāna*, the 167; Chandragupta ignored in the, 134. *Aśokavardhana*, see Aśoka, 207. *Aśokavardhanāvadāna*, 243. *Aśokavarma*, mentioned as a ruler of Kāñchī, 249. *Aśokeśvara*, 219. Aspasians, see Aśmaka, 34, 47. Assagetes (Aśvajit ?) a chieftain that helped Alexander, 51. Assakenians, a tribe in North-Western India, 34, 35, 47; attempt of the, to expel the Macedonians from N. W. India, 150. Assakenoi, a tribe in North Western India, 51; subjugation of the, by Alexander, 49–50; rebellion and subjugation of the, 65. Assakenus, 15 n, 36. Assam, and Aśoka, 221–222. Assyria, 344. *Aṣṭādhyāyī*, the, 284. Astes, a chief in the Pushkalāvatī region, death of, 47. Astomi, 163. Astynomoi, officers in charge of the city, 120–121 and 120 n, 278. *Aśvaghosha*, 196, 318. *Aśvamedha*, a sacrifice, 171, 289. Athena, figure of the helmeted head of, on a coin, 127. *Aśvamitra*, 298, 299. Athenaeus, a Greek writer, 134, 139, 168. Athens, coins of, 128, 129; visit of an Indian philosopher to, 81. Attalus, a general under Alexander, 59. *Aṭṭhaka* (*Aṣṭaka*) a Vedic Ṛṣi, 287. *Atharvaveda*, the, 262, 333. Audumbara (Kotumbara), 269. Augrasainya (Agrammes), son or descendant of Ugrasena, 14. Augustus, 134. Austric speech, 308, 319, 320. *Āvalyakaśutra*, the, 298. Avanti, 300. *Avantisundarī*, 330. *Avadānakalpalatā* the, of Kshemendra, 132n; mention of Aśoka in the 141. Avanti, (Malwā) 136; and the Śaiśunāgas, 18; control of Chandragupta over, 155. Avantis the, see Pradyotas, 19. *Avadānas*, 203; the, on the oppression in the provinces, 182; on the successors of Aśoka, 243–44. Awadhi, Eastern Hindi 317. Ayodhyā, the camp of Nanda in, 17, 21. *Ayuktikas*, officers, 227.

c22.18

c22.19

Babylon, (Baveru), 270; death of Alexander at, 78, 149; exploration of, and return of Alexander to, 76–78; Harpalus, satrap of 69; Herodotus on the Persian Governor of, 85–6; partition of, 139; Seleucus in, 151. Babylonia, 344; Alexander's mint at, 125, 126. Bactria, 33; conquest of, by Alexander, 46; revolt of, from Syria, 2. Bactrian Greeks 85; allegiance of the, to Seleucus I, 130. Bādāmi, the Chaluyas of, 248. Bādarāyaṇa, author of the *Vedāntasūtras*, 335. Bahmanabad, 41. Bāhrikas (troupes of performers), 179, Bairāt, Minor Rock Edicts at, 204, 211–212. Bālhikas, 146. Balissaha, a disciple of Mahāgiri, foundation of the Uttarabalissaha-gaṇa by, 298. Balkh, 46. Bāṇa 196, 208n; on Pushyamitra's execution of Bṛhadratha, 189, 246; reference to the *Vāyu purāṇa* by, 23. Bandhupālita (Samprati ?) 244, 245. Bankipur, 379. Barabar caves, 265, 313, 384, 385; inscription of Aśoka in the, 204, 205. Baroda, Yaksha image from, 380, 381, 383. Basarh, 389. Basarh-Bakhira, Aśokan column at, 361, 362, 374, 377; lion figure in the column at, 369–70. Basileus, king, 34, 36, 37, 38. *Bauddha Pārvatīya vaṃśāvalī*, 147n. Baudhāyana, 164n, 333; on the Āśramas 335–336; on the vānaprastha, 334. *Baudhāyana Dharmaśūtra*, 321. *Baudhāyana śrauta sūtras*, 349–50. Baveru (Babylon), 270. Bazira (Bir-kot) subjugation of, by Alexander, 50–51. Bear, constellation of the, 92. Beards, dyeing of the, in India, 102 and n. Behistun insc. of Darius, 359. Benares, see Kāśī, 17, 269, 271, 313. Bengal and Aśoka, 221–222. Bersaentes, Satrap of Arachosia, 33. Besnagar, Garuḍa column from, 389; inscription, 305. Bessus, the satrap of Bactria, 33.

c22.20

Bhābrā edict, (Calcutta Bairat), rock ins. 204, 285. Bhadrabāhu, a Jaina patriarch, 161—162 and 161n, 165 249,; migration to Mysore, 297, 299, 341; return of, to Magadha, 298; Kalpasūtra of 142 n. Bhaddaśala, a general of the Nandas, 15, 25, 146; conquest of, by Chandragupta, 136. Bhadreśvara author of the Kahavali, 136. Bhagala, designation of a royal race of Kshatriyas, 38. Bhagala, a chieftain near the Beas, 67. Bhāgavata purāṇa, 141. Bhagu, a Vedic Ṛshi, 287. Bhandarkar, D. R. on the identification of Satiyaputa, 238n; on the identification of Sophytes, 126 n. Bharadvāja, a Vedic Ṛshi, 288, 328. Bharata, a legendary hero, 171. Bharata, author of the Nāṭyaśāstra, 318, 331. B (h) arhut, reliefs at, 375, 385, 389. Bhartṛhari, author of the Vākyapadīya, 327, 328. Bharukachchha, 270. Bhattiprolu, inscription at, 252. Bhaviṣyanukīrtana the, 19. Bhita relief, 383, 384; terracotta reliefs from, 343. Bhimaratha, 330. Bhir mound, Takshaśila represented by the, 35. Bhīshma, 251. Bhoja, author of the Śṛngāra prakāśa, 328, 330 Bhojas, a tribe, 217, 222. Bhojapuri dialect, 317. Bijjala, 15. Bimbisāra, 11, 25, 22, 15; father of Ajātaśatru, 17. Bindusāra (Amitrochades, Amitrachates, Allitrochades, Amitrakhāda, Amitraghāta), 4, 133, 134, 165, 168, 176, 210, 272, 330, 331, 346, 390; Durdharā, mother of, in Jain tradition, 159; m. the daughter of Seleucus (?) 208, 209—accession of, 206; and the Ājīva(i)kas, 169; and the Deccan, 168; Brahmanic learning under, 324; Council of five hundred under, 167 n; embassy of Deimachus to the court of, from Seleucus, 89, 354; foreign relation of, 168—69; illness of, 209; last years of, 169—179; mentioned in the Aśokavadāna, 134; mentioned in Patañjali's Mahābhāshya, 133; military success of, 261; reign period of, 138; request of to Antiochus Soter, 160, n; Subandhu a minister of, 329. Bismarck, 200. Bodhan, 18. Bodh Gayā, 241, 375, 384; Bodhimaṇḍa at 436, 385. Bodhisattvas of the Mathura school, 379, 381. Bodhimaṇḍa, 385. B (o)ucephala, a city founded by Alexander on the bank of the R. Jhelum, 64, 130. Brachmanes (Brāhmaṇa), 315. Brahmagiri, 223, 249, M. R. E. at, 204. Brāhmaṇas, attempt of the, to expel the Macedonians from N. W. India, 150; influence of the 40. Brāhmaṇa—mahāsālas, 288—289. Brahmavādins, 335. Brāhmī inscription, 220, 22, 249, 250, 253—53, 258, 309, 312, 321, 379. Brāhmī script, 205, 256, 385; derivation of the 323—324. Brahmanism in the Nanda Maurya period, 284, 287—293. Brajbhākhā, 317. Brihadratha, 244, 246; execution of, 189. Bṛhatkathā, the 20, 25, 134, 147, 325; on the origin of the Mauryas, 141, 142; on Pāṇini and Vararuchi, 326, 329. Bṛhatkathākośa, Harishena the author of, 329. Bṛhaspati, 244. Bṛhaspatimitra, 283 n. Breloer, 112 n, 113, 115 andn, 117n, 191; on the Arthaśāstra, 196. Buddha (Boutta, Śākyamuni), 35, 141, 211, 213, 214n, 215, 231, 260, 284, 294, 295, 308, 309, 311, 313, 317, 321, 324, 325, and Ceylon, 256; and the name Vṛshala, 140; nirvāṇa of the 206, 299; the religion of the 3; Vijayasimha, a contemporary of, 44; on true Brahmins, 292. Buddha era, 207. Buddhism, 284, and Aśoka, 210—212, 230—34; conversion of Ceylon to 209; Kautilya's animosity towards 324; monuments of, in South India, 452; in the Nanda—Maurya period, 299—304; and Sanskrit, 325, 326; spread of, in foreign countries, 304. Buddhist canon, 285, 286. Buddhist literature, the 340—41; Indian inland trade 269—70; on the Vedas, 289.

c22.21

Buddhist Sangha. 204; second and third councils of the, 214-16; 299; 300-302; and Aśoka, 169 Buddhist symbols, worship of 343-344. Buhler, 164, 200; on the Rājukas, 224 Bulandibagh, 357, 383.

c22.22

c22.23

Calcutta Bairat rock ins., (Bhabra edict), 204, 268, 341. Callimachus, 138. Callisthenes, 144. Cambyses, 315. Canki, 289. Cape Malan, 77. Carians, 33. Carmania, 273. Caryanda, Skylax of, 82. Cathaeans, (Kathaioi) a self-governing tribe, 37; country of the, 38. Cave architecture in the Mauryan period, 384-87. Ceylon, (Ila, Laṅkā, Tambapanni, Taprobane), 43, 250, 253, 257, 270, 271; Aśoka's letter to the king of, 243; Aśoka's mission to, 218; conversion of, to Buddhism, 209; early history of, 256-259; elephants of, 95; fragrant wood in, 266; and Mahinda, 258; Megasthenes on, 250, 256; Pāli canon taken by Mahendra to, 317, 138; production of gold in, 95; vaguely known to Onesicritus, 92. Ceylonese, commentary on the Great chronicle of, on the last Nanda, 24; legends on the early life of Aśoka, 209 n; chronicles, 22, 134, 135, 146; on the third Buddhist council, 301-2. Chabahil, vihāra built by Chārumati 221. Chakravāla emperors, 253. Chakravartin, 10, 156, 255; ideal of the, 132, 172. Chakravartikshetram, the Arthaśāstra on the, 172, 191. Chalcolithic civilization, relics of the, 342. Chālukyas of Bādāmi and the Mauryas of Konkan, 248. Champā, 208, 269, 270, 308. Chāṇakya, see Kautilya, 1, 146, 148, 164, 166, 167, 324, 325, 330, 337; an inhabitant of Taxila, 25; legends about, 2-3. Chaṇḍakausika the, 143. Chaṇḍāla language, 308. Chandanāgari, a śākhā of the Uttara-balissaha-gaṇa, 298.

c22.24

Chāndasa speech, 316. Chanda-Siri, (Chandraśrī), see Chandragupta, 139. Chaṇḍāśoka, 301. Chandrabhāgā (Sandraphagos), 65, 315. Chandrag(k)upta (Sandrakoptas Sandrac (k) ottus, Andrakottos, Piyadassana, Chandagupta, Chandairi, Piadamsana, Vrishla, Xandrammes) 1, 4, 12, 14, 22, 23, 89, 90n, 101, 132, 139, 140, 152, 155n, 165, 165n, 168, 175, 176, 182, 206, 208, 223, 243, 315, 358, 390; accession of, 166, 206; achievement of Indian freedom by 139; ancestry of, 140-42; and Bhadrabāhu, 299; Brahmanic learning under, 324; building of pāṭaliputra and the palace by, 345, 346; chronology of 136-39; 207n; civil administration under, 157-158; conquest of Bhadrśāla by, 156; conquest of North West India by, 149-154; 261; consorts of, 159-160; and contemporary religions, 164-65; control of, over western India, 20; defeat of Seleucus by, 130, 156, 159, 169, 273, 353-354; early career of 142-44; extent of the empire of, 155-156; 352; hostility of, to non-monarchical states, 173; influence of Alexander's invasion of India, on the career of, 79; Jain traditions about the abdication of, 165; Justin on the oppression of, 148; Kautilya Chancellor of, 191; language of, 313; legends about, 23; private life of 160, 162; literary interest of the period of, 163-64; Malwa and Gujarat, parts of the empire of, 18; Mauryan revolution by, 24-25; meeting of, with Alexander, 12, 14, 137, 142, 144; Megasthenes sent by Seleucus as ambassador to the court of, 89; and the Mysore territory, 155, 249, 341; and the N. W. route, 271-2; origin of, 139, 142 and n; palace of, 188; personal gifts of, 163; Plutarch on, 141; political organisation of, and foreign models, 173-74; residence of, 158 and n; Rostovtzeff on, 198; sabhā of, 160-61; sources for the reign of, 133-135; strength of the army of, 188; Subandhu, a minister of, 329; theft in the camp of, 117; uprooting of the Nandas by, 145-146; war of with the prefects of Alexander, 145.

c22.25

*Chandragupta-kathā* the, 13, 133, 135, 143, 145. *Chandragupta sabhā*, referred to in the *Mahābhāshya*, 133, 160. *Charakasamhitā*, the 194. Chariot, the, in Indian warfare, 110. Charpentier, on the *Arthaśāstra* and the epics, 195. Chārumati, d. of Aśoka, 221. Chatterji, Charan Das, on ancient Indian coins 281 n. Chera (Kerala, Keras), 43, 251. Chetas, the, of Kalinga, 246-247. China, connection of India with, 319. Chinese pilgrims value of the writings of the, 82. Chitaldroog, Aśoka's inscription in the district of, 203. Cho(d)las, the, 43-44; 217, 238, 250, 251; state of the, outside Aśoka's, empire, 219 Chora-rajju, a source of revenue, 224. Chorarajjuka, rural officer, 224. Cinabhūmi, 193. Cinnamon, production of, in India, 95. Classical Sanskrit, emergence of 316. Classical writers, reference to Chandragupta by the, 137-39. Cleisobora (Krishṇāpura?), 101, 305. Cleitus, 144. Clemens of Alexandria, on Buddhist philosophers, 324. Clitarchus, 162. Coins:— Bajaur Hoard of coins, 283 n; Daric, a persian gold coin, 123, 124; Dharaṇa (purāṇa) a silver punch marked coin, 127, 258, 279, 280; diobol, a Greek coin, 129; didrachm, a Greek coin, 128; drachma, a Greek coin, 117, 128, 129; gaṇḍaka, 283; gold coins of Alexander, 280; gold coins of Philip Arrhidaeus, 280; Karsha, 281n; 319; Karshapaṇa(Kahāpaṇa) a silver or copper coin, 279, 280, 281, 319; māshaka, a token coin, 279; nishaka, 279; paṇa, a silver coin, 279; punch marked coins, 123, 129n 280, 281, satamāna, 279, 281; Sophytes coins 126, 282, Siglori, a Persian silver coin, 123 124; suvarṇa 279; Taxila Hoard of coin, 280, n, and 281; Tetradrachm, a Greek silver coin, 125 and n, 128; under the Nandas and the Mauryas, 279-283. Columbus, 80. 'Companions', the, of Alexander, 57, 59, 62, 63. Coniaci, (Kumārīkā), Eratosthenes on, 43, 44.

c22.26

Constantinople, Photius, a patriarch of, 86. Coomaraswamy, on Indian art, 351 Coral trade, 199. Courtezans, employment of the, 337 Craterus, a general under Alexander, 48, 52, 59, 61, 64, 69, 70, 74, 75, 78, 80. Crime and punishment in India, according to the Greek writers, 117. Cunningham on Alasanda, 154. Curtius Rufus, Q. 47, 48, 305; on the Agalassoi, 39; on Alexander's subjugation of Massaga, 50; on the Ambashṭhas, 40; on the army of the Mālavas and the Oxydrakai, 39; on Chandragupta and his palace, 118-119. n; on the colonisation of Rambakia, 77; description of Sophytes by, 102 n.; on the dress of the Indians, 109 n; on the father of Mahāpadma, 14; on the image of Heracles carried by Porus, 307; on the impeachment of Alexander by his friends for his rashness, 73; on the kingdom of Saubhūti, 37; on marriages in India, 102; on the number of chariots, under the Nandas, 188; on the presents to Alexander by the king of Taxila, 282; on the Proshṭhas, 41; on the reception to Alexander at Takshaśīla, 56; on the submission of the Kshudrakas to Alexander, 73; on the submission of Saubhūti to Alexander, 69. Ctesias, book of, on India, 86-7, 92. *Cyropaedia*, a work of Xenophon, 12. Cyrus, 76, 351 n; Achaemenian emperor, conquests of, in the east, 30-31.

c22.27

c22.28

Daimachus, Hellenic envoy, 135. Dakshiṇārṇava, southern ocean, 156. Dames, on the Sattagydians, 31. Damila, 322. Damir, 322. Damirike (Damiz, Damizakam), 43, 322. Daṇḍa, a measure, 271. Dandamis, (Mandanis), 106. Daṇḍadhara, king, 175. Daṇḍin, 191, 196, 200. Daṇḍopaṇatasāmantas, 34. Dantak(p)ura (Dantavaktra) capital of the Kalingas, 18. Dardic Khasa speech, 315-16. Darius I, Scylax sent to India by, 82. Darius (Hystapes), Achaemenian emperor 30, 350, 351, 352, 353, 357, 358; Behistun inscription of, 359, chronology of the inscriptions of, 200; *daric* coins of, 123; empire of in India, 31-32; overthrow of, by Alexander 318; tribute to, from the Indians, 84. Darius III, 33. Daśaratha, gift of caves by, to the Ājīvakas, 169, 244-45, 283n; 296, 346; epigraphic records of, 134. Dasas, 112. Daśona, 244. Dāsīkharbaṭika, a śākha of the Godāsa gaṇa, 298. Dattaka, codification of the courtezan's art by, 337. Decourdemanche, on the origin of the punch-marked coins, 123n. Deimachu(o)s, sent on an embassy to Pāṭaliputra by Seleucus, 89, 168, 354. Deinon, father of Kleitarchus, 89. Delhi-Mīrath, Aśokan column of, 205, 361. Demetrius, 198; coins of, 130. Deopatan, city founded by Devapāla, 221. Derdai (Daradas, mod. Dards), Megasthenes on, 85. Devadharman, 244, 283n. Devānāmp(r)iya, an epithet of Aśoka, 140, 175, 208, 217, 218, 233, 235, 238, 354, 359. Devānāmpiya Tissa, king of Ceylon, 257; and Aśoka, 218, 258. Devapāla, m. Chārumatī, 221. Devī, wife of Aśoka, 209. *Dhammapada*, the, and the ethical ideas in Aśoka's edicts, 230. Dhamma-paliyāya (Dharmaparyāya) 285. Dhammā, principal queen of Bindusāra, 167. Dhana Nanda, the last prince of the Nanda dynasty, 23. Dha(r)mma 169, 171, 211, 212, 250; standard of equity, 174; content and propagation of, 233-243; seven expositions of, 285-86; elaboration of, in the P. E. 213-214; propagation of, by Aśoka, 187, 232, 303; propagation by the Rājukas, 225. Dhammaguṇa, moral virtues, 234. Dhammaniyama, 240. Dharma courts, 185, 186. Dharmaguptaka, Buddhist school, 303. Dharmamahāmātras, 22, 225. Dharmānusasti, policy of, 22. Dharmaśoka, see Aśoka 165, 301. Dharmastambhas, 362. Dharmasthiya, 185.

c22.29

Dharaśūtras, the 333, 334. Dha (r) mmavijaya, conquest by law, 3, 229 and n., 303; basis of, 390; nature of the, 360; in W. countries, 354. Dharmayātras, 241. Dhavala, 248. Dhauli (Tosali), 203, 204, 205, 313; 362, a centre of provl. admn. 223, 225; elephant carving at, 346, 369, 370, 371, 376, 377, 382, 388. Dhuṇḍirāja, a commentator, 134, 140. Dīdargañj (g) Yakshini image, 379, 380, 381, 382, 388. Digambaras, 286. Diodorus Siculus, Greek author, 14, 41, 91, and n., 103, 111, 135, 147, 168, 278; on the Ambaṣṭhas, 40; on Alexander's capture of Massaga, 50; on the army of the Mālavas and the Oxydrakai, 39-40; on the foundation of Pāṭaliputra, 158 n., on Gangaridae and Prasii, 16; on Hermatelia, 41; on the husbandmen in India, 114, 115; on India's agricultural and mineral resources, 261-62; on Indian metal works, 267; on the kingdom of Saubhūti, 37-8; on marriage and occupation rules in India, 102, 116; mention of Xandrames by, 23; on the number of chariots, under the Nandas, 188; on Porus, the Elder, 37; on the reason for the practice of *satī* 103; on the strength of the Nanda army, 16; on Tauala, 41. Diodotus, I, independence of, during the time of Antiochus Theos, 130. Diodotus II, coins of, 130, 280. Diogenes, Cynic philosopher, 106; Onesicritus a follower of, 88. Dionysius, envoy from Philadelphus (Ptolemy II), 89, 135, 168. Dionysus, 31, 39; supposed founder of Nysa, 48; legends about, 100, 101; worship of, 106, 306. *Dīpavaṃśa*, the 203, 206, 208; on Aśoka's religious quest; 210; on the third Buddhist council, 214-216. Dipi, 233. District administration under the Mauryas, 181. *Divyāvadāna*, the 23, 168, 171, 246, 247, 331; on Aśoka's accession, 209n; on Aśoka's adoption of Buddhism, 210; on Aśoka's pilgrimage 213 and n; on the mother of Aśoka, 208; on the Nirgrantha religion in Bengal, 299; on Pushyamitra, 246; on the revolt in Taxila, 167;

c22.30

on Samp(r)a(t)di, 245; on the successors of Aśoka, 244. 'Dotted Record' of the Chinese, 206 Dr (a)mil (z), 321. Draviḍa, see (Tamilakam), 43; origin of the word, 321 Dravidian language, growth of the, 320-22. Dravidian speech, 308. Droṇa, 251. Dundubhi(s) sara, a missionary, 216, 217. Durdharā, mother of Bindusāra, 159, 165. Duṣṭāmātyāḥ, wicked officials, 167 Dyrta, a city in North-western India, 55.

c22.31

c22.32

Eastern Prakrit, vehicle of religious culture, 316, 317. Ec(k)batana, 30, 159, 357, 358. Egypt, notions about the State in, 197; trade of India with, 273. Ekachchhatra, 21. Ekrāt, 10, 11, 21, 156; Mahāpadma an, 16. Elephant, the, in Indian warfare, 110; Greek writers on the, 95-96. Elephant device on Greek coins, 129, 130. Embisaros (Abisares), Abhisāra, king of, 37. Embolima (Amb), a city in North-western India, 52. Enotokoitai, the, 163. Epics, the, and the Arthaśāstra, 195. Episkopoi, 160. Eratosthenes, President of the Alexandrian library, 33; description of India by, 43; on rains in N.W. India, 92-93; on the size of India, 91-92. Eronnaboas (Hiraṇyavāha), 315. Ethiopia, 95. Eucratides, coins of, 130, 131. Eudemo(u)s, 139, 147, 151; and Porus, 149, 150; continuance of, in India, 79; put in charge of the Indian province, 77-78. Eudoxus of Cyzicus, 273 n. Euergetes II, king of Egypt, 273 n. Eumenes, 103, 151; fight of against Antipater, 150. Eurymedon, Persian defeat at, 32. Euthydemus, I dispossession of Diodotus II by, 130; coins of the house of, 131.

c22.33

c22.34

Foreign ideas, influence of, in the Arthaśāstra, 198. Foreign models, in the administration of justice, 186. Forts, F. W. Thomas on, 189.

c22.35

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Gaṇanā, Accounts Department, 226. Gaṇapātha, 199. Gandhāra, (K'ien-t'-10) 30, 220, 308, 310; kingdom of, 35-36 Kaspyros, a city in, 83; merchants from, 269; oppression in, by wicked ministers, 182; people, in the army of Xerxes, 32; Pushkalavati, the capital of, 51; Virasena's rule in, 246; wollen goods from, 263. Gandhāra art 323. Gandhāras (Gandharians), 225; one in the seventh satrapy, 30-31; a tribe in North-west India under Aśoka, 154, 222, 223. Ganga, author of a schism among the Nirgranthas, 298. Gangaridae(i) (Gandaritai, Gandaridai) 12, 21, 96n, 350. Garuda the vāhana of Viṣṇu, 344 Gaṇikādhyaksha, see striadhyaksha mahāmātras, 226, 337. Gargi Samhitā 245. Garuda column from Besnagar, 389. Gāthās, the, 164. Gaugamela, battle of, 318; Indian contingents at, 33, 34. Gaur (a) (e)ians, the, a tribe in North-Western India, 34, 47, 49. Gautama, the Buddha, 10, 11. Gautama, 274, 293, 333. Gautama, grammer of, 328. Gautamīputra, a devotee of Vāsudeva, 305. Gāvimath, Minor Rock Edict at, 204. Gayā (Sambodhi), 211. Gaza, battle of, 150. Geiger, on Alasanda, 154. Gedrosia (Gedroseni, Southern, Mekran), 76, 77, 80, 152, 153, 273; given by Seleucus to Chandragupta Maurya, 130. Geography the, a work of Hecataeus of Miletus, 83. Geography, the, of Strabo, 91n. Ghasundi inscription, 305. Ghoshal U. N. 114n, 178n. Girivraja-Rājagriha, old Magadhan capital, 11, 17. Girnar, 20, 313, 314; Aśoka's inscription at, 203, 204, 205; inscription of Rudradāman at, 171, 182, 192, 199, 208.

c22.37

Glauchukayanas (Glausai, Glauganikai), a tribe subjugated by Alexander, 64. Glauganikai, see Glauchukayanas, 38, 64. Go-adhyakshas, see Vachabhumikas, 228. Godāsa, a disciple of Bhadrabāhu, 298. foundation of the Godāsagana by, 298. Gold, Herodotus on the supply of, 85 Gold digging ants, 85. Gond, a Dravidian tribe, 309. Gopa, the, 181. Gorgias, a general under Alexander, 59. Gotiputta, 217. Govindarāja, a subordinate of Seunachandra, 248. Grāmaṇi, 181. Grāmavṛiddhas, village elders, 81. Grāmikas, (village headmen), 10. Great Decease of the Buddha, 136. Gṛdhrakūṭa, see Kalugumalai, 252. Greece, 80, 81. Greek ambassadors to India, 89-91. Greek writers on Brahmin philosophers, 291. Greek writings, value of the, on India, 81-82. Gṛhya sūtras, the, 284, 333, 343. Guilds, maintenance of troops by, 189. Gujurat, 18, 171. Gunjas, see ratis, 279. Gupta age, the, 26.

c22.38

c22.39

Haihayas, the 19, 26; exterminated by Mahāpadma, 17-18. Hairwashing ceremony, 110, 162. Hannibal, 318. Harappa, script of, 323, sculptures at, 342. Haraprasada Śāstri, 247 n. Harisheṇa, author of the Bṛhatkathākośa, 329. Harmatelia, a city ruled by Ambigerus, 41. Harpalus, satarap of Babylon, 69. Harsha, 158. Harsha-charita, the, of Bāṇa, 246. Haryankas the, 348, 352. Haryanka kula, Bibmisāra of the, 11. Hasdrubal, 318. Hāthigumphā inscription of Khāravela 18, 20, 202, alleged reference to a Nanda era in the, 12; mention of Nandarāja in the, 13. Hecataeus of Miletus, value of the works of, 83. Hegesander, 134, 168, 169. Heliodorus, ambassador of Antalcidas, 305.

c22.40

Hellenic influence, 2; on Chandragupta, 198, 199; on the Mauryan court, 354-56. Helots 111. Hemachandra, 134, 136, 148, 164. Hephaestion, a general under Alexander, 46-7, 51; colonisation of Rambakia by, 77; and the subjugation of the Mālavas, 70; and Patala, 75; and the younger Porus, 65-6; return, of, 69, 70. Heracles, 39, 53, 54, 250, 306; alleged foundation of Pāṭaliputra by, 158 n; legends about, 100, 101; Megasthenes on, 90; libation to, by Alexander, 69; and the Pāṇḍavas, 44; story of, 164; worship of 106, 305. Hercules, 31, 52-53; image of, in front of Porus' infantry, 110; the Sibis traced their descent from, 70. Herodotus, 32, 82, 83, 116 n; "Indians" of, 31; on the conquest of the Indians by Darius, 83; on the extent of the empire of Darius in India, 31; on the tribute paid by "India", 29; period between, and Alexander, marked by a set back in the Greek knowledge of India, 87; references to India and Indians, 84-86. Herzfeld, on the Sattagydians, 30-31; on Hidu, 31. Hertel, 193. Hidu (Hindu), "Indians" of Herodotus, 31. High Hindi, 317. Hillebrandt, 193; on the Arthaśāstra and the epics, 191, 195. Himavatkūṭa, 147 Hinayāna Buddhism, 316. Hippalus, 273 n. Hippasioi, see Aīmaka, 47. Hiraṇyavāha (Eronnaboas), 315. Hiuen Tsang, Chinese pilgrim, 30, 221, 222; on Aśokan stupas, 219, 220; on Mahendra, 209n; on Pūrṇavarman, 248; on the treasures of king Nanda's precious substances, 24; visit of, the stupa of Kanakamuni, 213. Holdich, on the location of Nysa, 35. Horse, the, in Indian warfare, 109-110. Hultzsch on Aśoka's claim of Gods mingling with men, 234; on the Aśokan edicts and Dhammapada, 230; on the extent of Aśoka's empire, 203-204. Hūṇas, the, 146, 147. Hunting dogs, the Greek writers on the, 98. Huvishka, 283.

c22.41

Hwen (Hiuen) Thsang, on the origin of the Sākya-Mauryas, 142 n. Hydaspes, the 28, 35, 39; the ruler of Abhisāra and the battle of, 36. Hylobioi (Vānaprasthas), the most honoured among Sarmanes, 107, 108, 163 and n, 334. Hyparch, a provincial official under the Nandas, 22, 24, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41. Hypasioi, see Aśmaka, 47.

c22.42

c22.43

Iamb (o)ulus, Greek author, received at Pāṭaliputra, 169, 354. Ikshvāku (okkāku) king, 290. Ikshvākus, the exterminated by Mahāpadma, 17. Ila, see Ceylon, 253. "India" (Indus valley), tribute paid in gold-dust by, 29. India, size of, according to Greek writers, 91-92. Indian Dionysius, Megasthenes on, 90. Indian Philosopher in Greece, 319. Indica, the, of Megasthenes, 90-91, 164; value of the, 195 Indo-Aryan language, changes in the, 320. Indo-China, 100. Indo-Greeks, coinage under the, 283. Indradatta, a grammarian, 328. Indrapālita, 244. Industry under the Nandas, and the Mauryas, 260-69. Ipsus, 151. Inquiries, a work of Hecataeus, 83 Irāvati, (Hydraotis, Parushṇi, Rāvi), 28. Iśila (Siddhāpura), a subordinate division of Suvarṇagiri, 223. I-tsing on the image of Aśoka in monastic robes, 243. Ivory works, 265.

c22.44

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Jacobi, 191, 193, on the Arthaśāstra, 195; on the Samacharis, 161 n. Jaina canon, the 286. Jainism 248; Kauṭilya's animosity towards, 324; patronage to, 245, 246; and Sanskrit, 325, 326; in South India, 252. Jain literature, 340-41. Jalauka, a son of Aśoka, 219, 245. Jamadagni (Yamataggi), 288. Jambudvipa, 233. Jambukola, 218. Janaka king of Mithilā, 19. Jānapada (Rāshṭra) an administrative division, 21, 22, 120, 224, 225. Janapadakalyāṇī, mother of Aśoka (?) 208. Jānussoni, 289. Jātakas, the, 224, 274, 275, 308; on the different kinds of śilpas, 349; on the units of currency, 279; on the voyages of the Indian merchants, 270. Jātakamāla, a work of Aryaśūra, 196. Jaṭilakas, the 164. Jaṭilian, minister of Chandragupta, 164. Jatinga Ramesvara, Minor Rock Edict at, 204. Jaugada, Asoka's inscription at, 203, 204, 205, 303. Jayaskandhāvāra, camp of victory, 158. Jayaswal K. P. 191; on the sculptures at Patna, 345 and n. Jeṭṭha, (alderman) 274. Jewellery in the Nanda Maurya period, 268. Jhelum, battle of the 57-64. Jñātṛkaputra, see Mahāvīra, 296. Johnston E. H., 191; on the Arthaśāstra, 196. Jolly, on the Arthaśāstra, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. Junagadh Rock inscription of Rudradāman, 134; mention of Chandragupta in the, 139. Justice, administration of, 185-187. Justin, 13, 23, 41, 135, 151, 166; on the meeting of Chandragupta with Alexander, 133, 144; on Chandragupta's overthrow of the existing government, 144-145; on the Mauryan revolution, 24; on the oppression of Chandragupta, 148, 157-58. on the origin of Chandragupta, 141; on 'the royal harlot', 50, reference by, to the feats of Chandragupta, 143; sources of, on Chandragupta 143.

c22.46

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Kabir, 317. Kabul, (-kophen) part of the empire of Cyrus, 30. Kahāvali, of Bhadreśvara, 136. Kaiyaṭa, 328, 329. Kākaṇī, 213 n. Kākavarṇa, 301. Kalanos, (Kalyāṇa ?) engaged in the study of nature, 105, 106. Kālāpa, a work on grammar, 328. Kālāśoka, (Aśoka), 301.

c22.48

Kalatiai, a people in North West India, 83. Kalhaṇa, historian of Kashmir, 219, 244; on Jalauka, 245. Kālidāsa, 334. Kalinga, 11, 20, 205, 212; the Chetas in, 246; Aśoka's conquest of, 155, 210-11, 219, 309; Aśoka's remorse after the war against, 229; 231; independence of, till the days of Aśoka, 168; part of the Nanda empire, 260. Kalinga edicts, 167, 205, 212, 233. Kalingas, the, 26; exterminated by Mahāpadmananda, 17, 180. Kallatiai, a tribe in the Persian empire, 84. Kallil Āttiraiyanār, 253. Kalpadruma, 344. Kalpaka, 15. Kalpasūtra, the, of Bhadrabāhu, 142 n., 161, 164, 298, 333, 341. Kāśī, Aśoka's inscription at, 204, 313. Kaḷugumalai (Gṛdhrakūṭa), 252. Kāluvāki, w of Aśoka and mother of Tivala, 214. Kalyāni, in S. W. Ceylon, 256. Kāmandaka, Nītisāra of, 146. Kamandakiya Nītisāra, 195. Kāmarūpa, (Suvarṇakuḍya) (Assam) 221, 263; fragrant wood in, 266. Kāmaśāstra, 194, 337-338. Kāmāśoka, see Aśoka, 301. Kāmasūtra the, of Vātsyāyana, 194; and the Arthaśāstra, 195. Kambojas, a tribe in N. W. India, 146, 154, 217, 222, 225; a republic, 173. Kanakamuni, see Koṇakamana, 213. Kanauj, 245, 300. Kāñchī (puram), Aśoka's stupas near, 222; Aśokavarma, a ruler of, 249. Kaṇṭakaśodhana courts, 185, 186, 187. Kāṇvas, dvijas, 140. Kāṇva period, 131. Kapila, son of Prahlāda, on jñāna, 336. Kapilavastu, 269. Kapiśi (Ka-pi-shin, Ki-pin, Kophen), 30. Karmakāras, 112. Karmanda, 334. Karmania, journey of Craterus to, 80. Karri plain, battle of the Jhelum in the, 61. Kāśākṛtsna, 335. Kāśeyas, the, exterminated by Mahāpadma, 17. Kashmir, and Aśoka, 219-220.

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Kāśī (Banares) 21, 263, 270, 310 313, and the Śaiśunāgas and the Nandas, 17; textile manufacture in, 262. Kālikā commentary, 260. Kaspapyros (Kaspatyrus), city of Gandhāra, 83. Kassapa, a Vedic Ṛṣi, 287. Kassapagotta, a missionary, 216, 217. Kathaians (Kathas, Kathaioi, Cathaeans, Kshatraśreṇi), 38, 66; 69, 173; marriage among the, 102; sati among the, 103. Kathāsaritsāgara, 17, 328. Kathāvatthu, the Abidhamma treatise, composed by Moggaliputta Tissa, 215, 230, 302. Kātyāyana alias Vararuchi, a scholar and grammarian of the Nanda period, 25, 178 n., 308, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 330 n., 331, 333; 340; on the Chola and Pāṇḍya country, 44; reference of, to Vyāḍi, 335. Kauśāmbi, (Vatsa) 203, 216, 269, 300, 239; Aśoka's instruction to the Mahāmātras of, 302-303; M. P. E. at 204; textile manufacture in 362. Kauśāmbikā, a śākha of the Uttarabalissaha gaṇa, 298. Kaushitaki Brāhmaṇa, 310. Kautilya (Chāṇakya), 3, 4, 25, 135, 164, 171, 174, 175, 177, 182, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199, 226, 252, 265, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273-279, 308, 332, 333, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 360; animosity of towards Buddhism and Jainism, 324; and Bindusara, 166; warlike activities of, 167-68; Chancellor of Chandragupta Maurya, 191; Chancellor of the Mauryan empire, 161; going of, to Pāṭaliputra, 325, hostility of, to non-monarchical states, 173; the Indian Bismarck, 200; innovation of, in the administration of justice, 186, 187; part of, in the Mauryan revolution, 146-47, 148; share of in the building up of the Mauryan administrative system, 179; Stein on, 196; on the personal safety of the king, 119; on the state dept. to look after foreigners, 354; on the sources of income of the government, 183-84; on the Tāmraparṇika, 42. Kauṭumbini, a śākha of the Uttarabalissaha gaṇa, 298. Kavi, a minister, 330. Kāvyālaṅkārasūtravṛtti, of Vāmana, 330. Kāvyas, during the Nanda-Maurya period, 330-331

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Keith, 191. Kekaya, 310 Kera (Chera), 43. Kerala (Chera), 43, 45, 251. Keralaputa (Ketalaputa) 238, 250; outside Aśoka's empire, 219. Khallāṭaka, 167 Khālsi, 251. Khāravela, Hathigumpha inscription of, 13, 20, 202. Khariboli Hindi, 317. Kharoshthi script, 205, 220, 233; origin and evolution of the 323, 352. Khasa, 146. Khaśarājya, 167. Khotan, and Aśoka, 229. K'ien-t'o-lo, see Gandhāra, 30. King, ministers and council of the, 176-177; and ownership of land, 177 and n; powers and duties of, 174-76. Ki-pin see (Kāpiśī), 30. Kīkatas, an Anārya clan, 9, 146, 147 n. Kleitarchus, a follower of Alexander, 88-9, 111; on Alexander's encounter with monkeys, 96. Kleisobora (Kṛṣṇapura), a city of the Sursaeas, 305. Kod (t) umbara (Hudumbara), woollen goods of, 263. Koinos, a general of Alexander, 50, 52, 56, 61; exhortation of, to Alexander to return home, 67-8; left behind by Alexander at the Chenab 65; death of, 69. Kokala, a place in the country of the Oreitai, 76. Kol, 309, 313, 321. Koṇākamana (Kanakamuni, Kongagamana) a legendary Buddha, Aśoka's visit to the stupa of, 212-213. Konkan, 271. Kophaios, a chieftain that helped Alexander, 51. Kophen see Kapisi, 30. Kor, 238. Kośala, 21, 310, 313; Buddhism in, 299, Kingdom, 280. Śrāvastī, capital of, 269. Kosalā devī, 154. Kosāmbi (Kosam) a centre of provincial administration, 223; Aśoka column, 361. Kosambi, on the Taxila Hoard, 280 n, 281n. Kośar (Satyaputras?), 254, 255, 251. Kośtha, temple, 338. Kośthāgārādhyaksha, Superintendent of warehouses, 177.

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Koṭikapura, 161. Kramrisch, on Mauryan sculpture, 387. Krishna and Heracles, 101. Kṛṣṇala a unit of weight, 279. Kṛṣṇapura (Cleisobora ?) a city of the Sūrasenas, 101, 305. Karoṣṭhīya, 328. Kṣanika, a doctrine, 298, 299. Kṣatri (yas) (Xathroi) 40; submission of, to Alexander, 74. Kṣatriyaśreṇi (Khathoi), a republic, 173. Kṣemendra, epitomiser of the Bṛihatkathā, 20, 141. Kṣudrakas (Oxydrakai), 39, 40, 70; subjugation of, by Alexander 73; Visit to Alexander, by the leading men among the, 121. Kotivarṣīya, a śākhā of the Godāsagaṇa, 298. Koṭūhalasālās, 294. Kukura, a republic, 173. Kukuṭārāma, 215 n. Kumāra, a title of the Viceroys of Tosali and Ujjeni, 167, 223, 224. Kumarika (Coniaci), 44. Kumrahar, 357, 357, 383; ruins of Maurya buildings at, 159 Kunāla, a son of Aśoka, 214, 215 n, 244, 245; and Khotan, 220. Kuṇi Vādava (Kuṇaravādava), 328. Kuntala, and the Nandas, 20. Kuru, a republic, 17, 173, 310. Kurukshetra, 19. Kurundogai, the 255. Kuṣāṇa, 199. Kuṣans, coinage under the, 283. Kuṭadanta, 289. Kuvaṇṇa (Kuveṇi) and Vijaya, 256.

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Laghman, Aśoka's inscription at, 204, 205. Laghuparibhāṣāvṛtti, 327. Lagos, father of Ptolemy, 48, 51. Lac(k)edaemonians, and the helots, 111. Land, ownership of and tax on, in India, according to Greek writers, 114-115. Laṅkā (Ceylon) 257. Las Bela, the land of the Oreitai, 77. Latage, feeding of monkeys at, 97. Later Nandas, 23-26. Lauria,, gold tablet, 343. Lauriya-Araraj, Aśokan column at, 205, 313, 361, 362. Lauriya Nandangarh, column at, 205, 361, 362, 364, 365, 368, 371, 377; lion figure on the column at, 370.

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Law of deposits in India, Greek writers on, 112, 113. Learning (Sanskrit) under the Nandas and Mauryas, 324- 25. Legends, of the Greek writers, 100- 101. Leonnatus, 77; victory of, against the Oreitai, 76. Libya, 83. Lichchhavis, 19, 39. Lichchhivika, a republic, 173. Life of Apollonius of Tyana, by Philostratus, 83. Luders H. 313; on the Satiyaputas 251. Lohanipur, images from 379, 388. Lokāyata, 288, 335- Lomaśa Rishi cave, 376, 377, 385, 386, 387. Louis XIII, 15. Lumbinivana, 184, 213. Lysimachus, a general under Alexander, later king of Thrace, 59.

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Macdonald, on the marriage compact between Seleucus and Chandragupta, 154; on the Sophyte's coins, 127; on the two classes of imitation of Athenian coins, 128, 129. Macedon (Madhuka or Madhudana), known to Indians, 132 n. 'Machiavellian' nature of the mandala theory, 188. M'Crindle on the attainments of Alexander's men, 80 Madhyadeśa, 260, 310. Mādhyamika, march of a Greek army to, 355- Madhuka, identification of, 132n. Madra, 310. Madraka, a republic, 173. Madurā, capital of the Pāndyas, 250, 252; textile manufacture at, 262. Magadha, 21, 136, 141, 280, Buddhism in, before the days of Asoka, 299; empire, 172, 173; extent of the empire of, during the time of Alexander, 87; empire under the Nandas, the, exposed to a twofold danger, 132; factors for the greatness of, 9-10; famine in, 165, 297; language in, 313, 314; veneration of Alexander's altars by the kings of, 68. Magadhi canon, 286. Magadhi dialect, 205, 317. Magas of Cyrene (Maka), 166, 206, 207; 217 Asoka a contemporary of, 138.

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Maggadesako, an order of amaṇa 294. Maggaduśi, on order of Śramana, 295. Mahābhārata, 166, 195, 199, 284, 308, 349, 366. Mahābhārata battle, date of the 323 Mahābhāshya, the, of Patañjali, 133, 166 289, 295, 307, 330, 331. Mahābodhivamsa, 13, 23. Mahāgiri, successor of Sthūlabhadra, 298. Mahākosala, 309. Mahāmātra, 10, 15, 22, 115, 183, 200, 214; a provincial officer, 223; a high ranking official, 225-226; Council of the, 226. Mahāmātras, of morality, 236; occupied with the welfare of the Ajivakas, 297. Mahāmātriya, the Secretaries, 179. Mahāpadma Nanda (Pati (Ugrasena, Agrammes, Xandrames), 13-20; 132, 142; contemporary of Alexander, 141; political unity of N. India under, 260; successors of, Śūdra according to the Purāṇas, 140; titles of, 350; 351. Mahāparinibhāna Sutta, on the Moriyas, 141-142. Mahāsanghika, 300, 301, 303. Mahāsangiti, 300. Mahāsetthi, 274. Mahāsthan inscription, 83, 222, 283. Mahāvamsa, the, 154, 203; on the antiquity of the Pāndya kingdom, 44; on the early history of Ceylon, 257-59; on the adoption of Buddhism by Asoka, 210; on Asoka's message to the king of Ceylon, 243; on the third Buddhist Council, 215, 216. Mahāvamsa Tika the, 134, 161, 167; on the Mauryan Revolution, 147, 148. Mahāvira (Nātaputta, Jñātrikaputra), 10, 286, 298, 313, 325; founder of the Nirgrantha order, 296; liberation of, 136. Mahāyāna Buddhism, 231. Maheivaa, (Mahishmati), 18 Mahindra (Mahendra), a son of Asoka, 209, 209 n; brother or Asoka, 222; Pali canon taken by, to Ceylon, 317, 318; stūpa of, near Madura, 222; and Ceylon, 218-219, 258; nirvāṇa of, 259. Mahīsāsaka, Buddhist school, 303. Mahisha, textile manufacture in, 262. Māhishmati, the capital of the Haihayas, 18. Maithilas, the, exterminated by Mahāpadma, 17, 19.

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