A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar c22: Index

A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar c22

Language: English

Index

c22.1

*[In Ch. XIV Literature only names of authors have been indexed, not their works.]*

Abbasid Khalifat, 322 Abdul Qadir, Bahmanī officer, 240 Abdur Razzak, Persian ambassador, 31, 260-1, 297, 306, 318, 324, 328 Abdul Wahab Khan, Bijapur general, 292 Abhinava vādi Vidyānanda, Kannada author, 387 Ābhīras, 3, 95 Abulfeda, Arab author, 29 Abu Zaid Hassan, Arab traveller, 29 Accutavikkanta, Kalabhra ruler, 139 Achyuta Pisharoti, Sanskrit author, 352-3 Achyutappa, Nāyak of Tanjore, 341 Achyuta Rāya (Vijayanagar king), 275-8, 393, 471 Achyutarābhyudaya, Sanskrit poem, 277 Ādan (Chera king), 117 Ādanūr, 412 Ādavāni, fort, 213 Addanki Gangādhara, Telugu author, 404 Aden, 77, 264 Adhikaraṇas, Law Courts, 160 Adhirājendra (Chola king), 181 Ādichanallur, prehistoric site, 53, 55, 57 Adigaimān of Tagaḍūr, Sangam age chieftain, 83, 114, 117-18, 121, 150, 184, 189, 364 Adil Shah I, (Bijapur sultan), 479 Ādi Mandi, daughter (?) of Karikāla, 120 Āditya I (Chola king), 167-9, 192, 453 Āditya II (Chola king), 172, 193 Adiyamān, 83 Aḍiyārkkunallār, Tamil commentator, 381 Administration, Army and navy, 306-8 —, king, 305-6 —, war and camp, 306-7 —, under Pallavas, 159-60 Adoni, Fort, 235, 286 Adriśya, Kannada author, 391 Agastya, 62, 65, 67-70, 72-4, 116, 256, 339, 359 —, and Tolkāppiyan, 73-5

c22.3

Agastya, role in the south, 72-5 —, in Tamil tradition, 69 —, name of a clan, 70 Agattiyam, Tamil grammar, 73, 74 Ahobala, Sanskrit author, 333 Aghōra Munivar, Tamil poet, 376 Aghōraśivācārya, Sanskrit author, 346, 347 Ahanānūru, Tamil classic, 110, 355 Āhavamalla Tailaparasa, A Rāshṭrakūṭa noble, 171, see Taila II. Ahmad (Bahmanī king), 251 Ahmad Shah (Bahmanī king), 239-42, 259, 478. Ahobalam, 271, 287 Aihoḷe, 4, 18, 143, 334, 426 — Chālukya monuments, 436, 439, 440, 462, 466 Ainguṟunūṟu, Tamil classic, 110 Ain-ul-Mulk Kanani, Bahmanī noble, 251 Aiññūṟruvar, merchant guild, 320, 321 Aioi, a ruler, 116 Airāvateśvara temple at Dārāsuram, 459 Aitareya Brāhmana, 65, 332 Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 66, 332 Aiyaḍigaḷ Kāḍavarkōn, Śaiva saint, 358 Aiyanāridanār, Tamil poet, 371 Ajanta, 3, 4, 103 — (Buddhist monuments), 432-3, 437-8 Ajavarman (Kadamba king), 107 Ājīvika, a religious sect, 412, 427 Akālavarsha, ruler of Lāṭa, 155 Akkādevī, Chālukyan princess, 305 Akola, 92 Akshobhyatīrtha, Sanskrit scholar, 347 Aḷagiya Maṇavāḷa Perumāḷ Nāyanār, Tamil author, 375 Ālangānam, battle of, 122 Ala-ud-din (Bahmanī king), 251 Ala-ud-din II (Bahmanī king), 242-4, 260-2, (Ahmad Shah), 479 Ala-ud-din (Khilji), 218-19, 221-2 Ala-ud-din I Bahman Shah (Bahmanī king), 233 Ala-ud-din Udauji, of Madura, 230

c22.4

Āḷavandār, Vaishnava saint, 369, 418 Alberuni, Arab author, 29 Albuquerque, 269 Ali Adil Shah, Bijapur sultan, 281-6 Ali bin Aziz-ullah Taba Tabai of Simmin, Muslim author, 24 Al-Idirisi, Arab geographer, 423 Ālināḍu, 415 Al-Ishtakhri, Arab writer, 428 Allaḍa, Reddi general, 259, 260 Allahabad Pillar inscription, 98 Allamadeva, 380 Allasāni Peddana, Telugu poet, 274, 402, 404 Almeida, 267, 269 Alpines, 57 Ālupas, of South Canara, 143 Āḷvārs, Vaishnava saints, 5, 357, 360, 362, 415-16, 419-21 Āḷvārtirunagari, 416 Amalānanda, Sanskrit author, 211 Āmana (Yādava king), 211 Amarāvatī, 3, 93, 425 — (Buddhist monuments), 435, 436, 451 Ambadeva, Kāyastha chieftain, 212 Ambalavāṇa Dēśikar, Tamil author, 374 Ambarnath temple in Thana, 469 Amba Pass, 37 Amir Ali Barid, Bahminī minister, 251, 269 Amitasāgara, Jaina Tamil grammarian, 139, 370 Amma I (E. Chālukya king), 170 Amma II (E. Chālukya king), 171, 426 Amoghavarsha I, 152, 154-5, 169, 305, 350, 426 Amoghavarsha II, 170 Amritamangalam, prehistoric site, 54 Amuktamālyada, Telugu poem, 274, 401 Anadāri, Tamil writer, 376 Anadeva, Telugu-Choda chief, 258 Anaimalai hills, 37, 56 Ānanda gotra, kings of, 102 Ānandapūrṇa, Sanskrit scholar, 345 Ānandapūrṇa Vidyāsāgara, Sanskrit scholar, 333 Ananga Bhima III (Kalinga king), 212-13 Anantapāla, W. Chālukyan general, 185 Anantaśayana temple at Undavalli, 446 Anantavarman Choda Ganga (E. Ganga king), 183-5, 213, 396, 467

c22.5

Ananta Vāsudeva temple at Bhuvanēśvar, 467 Anapāya (Chola king), 370 Anapota, Velama chieftain, 257 Anatolia, 60 Andakakkavi Virarāghava Mudaliyār, Tamil author, 378 Āṇḍāḷ, Vaishnava saint, 361, 416 Aṇḍayya, Kannada poet 386 Āndhrabhrityas, 88 Aṇḍiran, a chief, Śangam age, 116 Andhra coins, 20 Anduvan, a king, Śangam Age, 105, 117 Anegondi, 227, 228, 230, 292 Anji, chieftain, Śangam age, 118 Aṇṇāmalai Reddi, a Tamil patron, 379 Annapota Reddi, 324 Anti-Islamic Movement in the Deccan, 226-30 Annambhaṭṭa, Sanskrit scholar, 342 Anūpa, 92 Anurādhapura, 146, 173 Aparāditya I, Sanskrit author and ruler of Konkan, 348, 349 Aparājita (Pallava king), 167, 168 Aparānta, 92 Aparārka, see Aparāditya I, 342 Apastamba, Sanskrit author, 331, 348 Āpilaka (Sāta. king), 90 Appanna, Hoysala general, 205 Appar, Śaiva saint, 144, 368, 413-14 Appaya Dikshitar, Sanskrit author, 339, 341, 343, 345, 347, 348, 350 Āppāyika, a rebel chief, 143 Arabia, 215, 323 Arabs, 147, 148, 303 Ārādhya Śaivas, 425 Ārāmboli Pass, 37 Arasur, Pāndya camp at, 150 Architecture, Buddhist, 431-9 —, Chālukyan, 439-45 —, Chōla, 451-60 —, Deccan, 468-70 —, Gumpha, 434 —, Hemādpanti, 470 —, Hindu, 439-80 —, Hoysala, 462-5 —, Jaina, 434 —, Kalinga, 465-8 —, Madura, 473-6 —, Pallava, 445-51 —, Pāndya, 460-1 —, Stūpa, 435-6 —, Bāhmanī, 476-80 —, Vijayanagar, 470-3 Argaru, 135

c22.6

Ariake, 91 Arikesari Māravarman (Pāndya), 146, 414 Arikesari II of Vēmulavāda, Chālukya king, 337 Arikesari Parānkuśa Māravarman I (Pāndya), 146, 149 Arikulakesari, Chola prince, 169 Ariñjaya (Chola king), 172 Ariśil, battle of, 154, 167 Armagon, Dutch settlement, 290 Armenia, 60 Armenoids, prehistoric race, 57-8 Arthaśāstra, South India in, 81 Arumoli (varman), 172 Arunagirināthar, Tamil poet and saint, 373 Aruṇandi, Śaiva author, 372 Āryachakravarti, Pāndya minister, 208 Aryanization of South India, 12, 65-71 ---, process and results of, 71-8 Asad Khan Lari, Bāhmanī courtier, 273, 276, 277 Aśmaka, 66, 75 Aśoka, 67, 79, 82, 84, 88, 427, 436 Aśokan edicts, 14, 67 --- empire, the Deccan in the, 84-5 --- inscriptions, 84, 85, 110 --- rock-edicts, South India in, 82 Aśokavarman, ruler of Kāñchī, 84 Assaka, 66 Atharvaṇa, Telugu grammarian, 396 Ativīrarāma of Tenkāśi, king and Tamil poet, 378 Ātreya Rāmānuja, Sanskrit author, 346 Ātreya Varadarāja, Sanskrit author, 332 Āṭṭan Atti, Chera prince (?), 120 Attirampākkam, prehistoric site, 56 Attivarman (Kandara king), 103 Atula, Sanskrit scholar, 337 Augustus, Roman emperor, 135 Aurangabad (Budd. monuments), 437 Austric people, 53 Austro-Asiatic languages, 59-60 Auvaiyār, Tamil poetess, 118, 121 Avanināraṇam, tank, 153 Avanisimha (Simhaviṣṇu), 144 Avantisundarī Kathāsāra, Sanskrit work, 155, 335 Āvūr, siege of, 122 Āvūr Mūlam Kiḷār, Tamil poet, 137 Āy Aṇḍiran, a chief, Śangam age, 115, 116, 149, 151, 209 Āyata-varma, Kannada author, 388 Āy Eyinan, Chera feudatory, 118 Āyirattaḷi, 204

c22.7

Ayyalarāju Rāmabhadra, Telugu author, 403 Ayyavoḷepura (Aihoḷe), 321 Ayyipiḷḷai Āśān, Malayālam author, 407 Āzarī of Isfarāyīn, Persian poet, 241, 243

c22.8

Babylon, 77 Bacare, Pāndya port, 134 Bādāmi, 4, 68, 141, 142, 145-7, 149-50, 231, 422 --- (Chālukya monuments), 439 Bādapa, E. Chālukyan prince, 171 Baddega Amoghavarsha III (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 170 Baddena, Telugu author, 398 Badrīnāth, 417 Bādarāyaṇa, Sanskrit philosopher, 346 Bahā-ud-dīn Garshasp, Governor of Sagar, 225-6 Bahman, mythical hero of Persia, 232 Bāhmanī history, literary evidence for, 24 Bāhmanī kingdom, end of the, 250-1 ---, estimate of, 251-2 ---, foundation of, 232-3 ---, relation with Vijayanagar, 233-5, 237-40, 242-3 ---, party strife in, 242-3, 246, 248, 249-50 Bāhmanī rulers, 25, 232-51, 255, 257-64, 281-6, 478-9 Bāhmanī Sultans’ coins, 21 Bāhman-nāmā, versified history, 241 Bahram Khān Mazandarānī, governor of Daulatabad, 234 Bāhubali of Śringeri, Kannada author, 387 Bāhūr, 312 Baicoja, sculptor, 320 Bākanūr, port, 264 Bālasubramanya Kavirāyar, Tamil author, 376 Balasubrahmanya temple of Kaṇṇanūr, 452 Balita, port, 135 Ballāla I (Hoysala king), 184, 305 Ballāla II (Hoysala), 189-91, 204, 210 Ballāla III (Hoysala), 209, 211, 220-21, 225-31, 338, 428 Ballāla IV (Hoysala), 231 Balsane, 469 Bāma, sculptor, 320 Bāna, Sanskrit author, 337, 340, 384 Bānas, 145, 169, 170 Banavāsi, 143, 174, 191 Bandar, Chera port, 134 Bandhuvarma, Kannada author, 386

c22.9

Bankāpur, fort, 258 Bankeśa, Rāṣṭrakūṭa general, 154-5 Barbosa, foreign traveller, 326 Bārhut (Budd. monuments), 434 Barni, Muslim historian, 221, 222 Barid Shah (king), 282 Barid-ul-Mulk of Bidar, sultan of Bidar, 250 Barradas, Manuel, Port. traveller, 32 Barygaza, 91, 94 Basava, founder of Lingāyat cult, 388, 390, 396, 424, 425 Bastar, 143 Baudhāyana, law-giver, 67 Bāvari, teacher, 66, 75 Bedsā (Buddhist monuments), 432, 433 Bāyalanambi, Chālukyan general, 174 Belgaum, 312 Belūr (Hoysala monuments), 464 Benjamin of Tudela, Jewish traveller, 25, 30, 323 Beschi, Father, 379 Beta (Kākatiya king), 177 Bettumperumāl, chief of Kayattar, 280 Betwa, 50 Bhadrabāhu, Jaina saint, 80 Bhāgavatas, 411 Bhāgavata-purāṇa, 411, 420 Bhairavakonda (Pallava monuments), 446 Bhājā (Buddhist monuments), 432 Bhakti, 411, 412, 415, 419, 422 — movement, 5 — schools, 412-16, 418-25 Bhānudeva II (E. Ganga), 213 Bhānudeva IV (E. Ganga), 213 Bharatasvāmin, Sanskrit author, 331 Bhāravi, Sanskrit poet, 334 Bhāruci, Sanskrit author, 348, 349 Bhāsarvajña, Sanskrit author, 342 Bhāskara I, Sanskrit author, 352 Bhāskarācārya, astronomer, 210, 352 Bhāskara of Penugonda, Kannada author, 387 Bhāskara Ravivarman (Chera), 192 Bhaṭṭakālaṅka (deva), Kannada grammarian, 382, 394 Bhaṭṭakkula, a port, 264 Bhaṭṭiprolu, 14, 85, 86 — (Buddhist monuments), 435 Bhaṭṭumūrti, Telugu author, 402 Bhavasvāmin, Sanskrit author, 332 Bhavabhūti, Sanskrit poet, 335, 351 Bhavadattavarman (Nala king), 104 Bhillama, (Yādava king), 190, 191 Bhīma I (E. Chālukya), 169 Bhīma Kavi, Kannada author, 390 — (Vemulavāḍa), Telugu poet, 396

c22.10

Bhīma (rathi), river, 42, 143 Bhīma Saluki, E. Chālukya prince, 153 Bhoja I, Gurjara ruler, 169 Bhoja of Malwa, 175 Bhojas, 84, 89-90 Bhor Ghat, 37 Bhūmaka (Saka king), 91 Bhūti Vikramakesari, Chola feudatory, 454 Bhuvanaikabāhu I, of Ceylon, 208 Bhuvaneśvar (monuments), 465 Bhūvikrama, 147 Bijjala (Kalacuri), 190, 424 Bilhaṇa, Sanskrit poet, 184, 337, 338 Bilvamangala-svāmi, Sanskrit author, 337 Bir Dhūl, 220 Biṭṭiga (Hoysala king), 184 Bodhan, 224 Bodhāyana, Sanskrit author, 335 Bommarasa of Teṟkaṇāmbi, Kannada author, 387 Borneo, 4, 15 Brahma, a general, 190 Brahmagiri, prehistoric site, 14, 52-4 Brahmaśiva, Kannada author, 385 Brāhmī inscriptions, in the south, 86-7 Brāhmī script, 13, 14 Brahui, 59-60 Brihadīśvara temple at Tanjore, 457 Brihatkathākośa, 81 Brihatphalāyanas, a dynasty, 14 Brindāvan, 419 Buddha, 415, 427 Bhaṭṭoji Dīkshita, Sanskrit author, 350 Buddhākānchi, 426 Buddhamitra, Tamil author, 370 Buddharāja (Kalacuri), 143 Buddhavarman (Pallava prince), 98 Buddhism, 3, 5, 82, 94, 97, 138-9, 142, 412, 415, 416, 422, 426-7, 432 Buddhyankura (Pallava prince), 98 Bukka I (Vijayanagar king), 227-9, 231, 234-5, 254-6, 331, 427 Bukka II (Vijayanagar king), 258 Burhan-i-Maasir, 24 Burhan Nizam Shah, king, 281 Burzahom, prehistoric site, 52 Būtuga II (Ganga king), 169-71, 316

c22.11

Caesar Frederick, foreign traveller, 32, 284, 286, 326-7 Calicut, 316, 325 Caliph Umar, 427

c22.12

Camara, 135 Canton, 322 Cāṭu Viṭṭhalanātha, Kannada author, 393 Caudaya, sculptor, 320 Caundapācārya, Sanskrit author, 332 Ceylon, 2, 5, 14, 26, 67, 76, 79, 82, 84, 112, 115, 136, 144, 145, 151, 153, 256, 260, 314, 322, 414, 426, 429 Ceylon Kings, 112, 145-6, 151, 154, 168, 172-4, 176, 181-3, 187-8, 205, 208-9 Chadaluvāḍa Mallaya, Telugu author, 405 Chaitanya, 421 Chākkiyār, 155, 336 Chakrāyudha of Kanauj, 152 Chālukya coins, 20 Chālukya history, literary evidence for, 23 Chālukyan power, —, fall of Bādāmi, 150 —, end of Kalyāṇi, 189-91 —, rulers (Bādāmi), 4, 18, 102, 107, 142-50, 160-1, 334, 426 —, rulers (Kalyāṇi), 6-7, 143, 171-5, 177-82, 184, 189-91, 193, 305, 307, 338, 348, 383-4 —, rulers (Veṅgi), 4, 6, 151-5, 169, 170-1, 173, 175, 177-83, 334, 426 Chālukya-Pallava Wars, 144-9 Chāmarasa, Kannada poet, 391, 393 Chāmuṇḍarāja, Chālukya general, 179 Chāmuṇḍarāya, Gaṅga minister, 461 Chand Bibi, 283 Chand Minar at Daulatabad, 476, 479 Chandrabhānu of Malaya, 208 Chandrāditya, son of Pulakeśin II, 335 Chandragiri, 287 Chandragupta, ally of Nāgabhata II, 152 Chandragupta (Mauryan king), 80, 81 Chandragupta II (Gupta king), 91, 104 Chandran Suvarkki, a chieftain, 377 Chandrarāja, Kannada author, 384 Chandravalli, 27, 105 Chandavarman (Sālank. king), 101 Changadeva, astronomer, 210 Chārudevī, Pallava queen, 98 Chavuṇḍarāya, Kannada author, 384 Chau Ju Kua, Chinese author, 193 Chaul, 257, 263 Chebrolu, 174, 422 Chedi rulers of Tummana, 212 Chēmakūri Veṅkaṭakavi, Telugu poet, 406

c22.13

Chenchus, 57 Cheng Ho, Chinese general, 28, 324 Chenna Basava, Kannada author, 389 Chennakeśava temple at Belūr, 464 Chennabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit author, 342 Chennas Nambūtiri, Sanskrit author, 351 Cheramān Perumāḷ (Chera king), 156, 359, 414, 428 Cherapādāh, 6 Cheras (Rulers), 112-19, 122-3, 149, 151, 155-6, 168, 192, 207, 209-10, 313, 359, 362, 414, 428 Cheruśśēri Nambūtiri, Malayālam author, 408, 409 Chezarla (Buddhist monuments), 436, 437 Chidambaram, 204-8, 267, 414, 416 — (Chola monuments), 460-1, 474 Chidambara Rēvaṇa Siddar, Tamil author, 382 China, 26, 27, 77, 215, 255, 322-3 China Timma, 280 Chinna Bomma, Nāyak of Vellore, 341 Chinnadevi, 270 Chintalapūḍi Ellaya, Telugu poet, 404 Chitaldrug, 84 Chitpavan brahmins, 58 Chitramāya, 148-9 Chitsukha, Sanskrit author, 344 Choḍa Tikka, 206 Chola coins, 20 Chola history, Literary evidence for, 23 —, administrative system, 194-6 —, justice in, 196-7 —, monarchy in, 192-3 —, people in, 197-8 —, royal household in, 193-4 —, rural autonomy in, 197 Chola rulers, 5-7, 16-18, 23, 92, 119-23, 130, 132, 137, 166-89, 191-3, 203-8, 213, 309, 313-14, 323, 331-2, 346, 366-8, 370, 395, 397, 418, 426, 452-5, 459 Christian Topography, 26 Christovao de Figueiredo, 272 Chronicles of Paes and Nuniz, 32 Chutus, 3, 95-8 Coinage, types of, 19-20 Colchi, 135 Colebrooke, 348 Comari, 135 Conti, Nicolo, 31, 429 Coromandel Coast, changes in, 40 —, description of, 47-8 Cosmas, foreign traveller, 26-7, 429 Cūḍāmaṇi vihāra, 174

c22.14

Cuttack 271, (Jaina monuments near), 434

c22.15

Dabhol, 233, 257, 263 Dādāpuram (Chola monuments), 456 Dākshārāma, 422 Dakshina Kapileśvara Kumāra Hamvīra Mahāpātra, prince, 247 Dalapati, Sanskrit author, 349 Dāmodarasena (Vākā. king), 104 Damodaravarman (Ānanda gotra king), 103 Dānārnava (E. Chālukya), 171, 173 Dannaḍa, battle of, 177 Dandin, Sanskrit author, 155, 334-5, 370, 383, 398 Dantidurga (Rāshtrakūta), 150-1, 156 Dantivarman (Pallava King), 151-3 Dantivarman (Rāshtrakūta), 147, 151 Dārāsuram (Chola monuments), 167, 459 Daśaratha (Maurya), 427 Daśaloki, of Nimbārka, 419 Daśavatār Cave (Ellora), 441, 442 Daud Khan (Bahmani king), 236, his tomb, 478 Daulatabad, 232, 234 Deccan Plateau, geographical description, 38-9 —, rivers of the, 40-1 Demetrius (Indo-Greek king), 97 Deśabhojaka, 160 de Sousa, Martin Affonso, 280 Devagiri, 218-22, 224 Deval mosque at Bodhan, 477 Devana Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit scholar, 348 Dēvāram, 5, 359-60, 412, 422 Devarāja, Sanskrit author, 332 Devarāya I (Vijayanagar king), 238, 257-9, 279, 387 Devarāya II (Vijayanagar king), 242-3, 259-62, 391, 393, 399 Devasena (Vākā. king), 105 Devarvarman (Sālan. king), 100 Devendra-munivar, Tamil author, 370 Dhanañjaya, Digambara Jaina author, 349 Dharmasena, 412 Dhānyakataka, 94, 174 Dhārā, 177 Dharaṇidevuḷa Rāmamantri, Telugu poet, 405 Dhārāvarsha of Cakrakūṭa, 177, 179 Dharmamahārājādhirājas, 160 Dharmapāla of Bengal, 152 Dharmapatnam, 326 Dharmarājādhavarin, Sanskrit author, 345 Dhauli, 84

c22.16

Dhruva I, ruler of Lāṭa, 154, 155 Dhruva I (Rāshtrakūṭa), 152, 155, 161 Dhruva II, ruler of Lāṭa, 155 Dhūrjaṭi, Telugu poet, 403 Digambara Jainism, 416 Dilpasand Khan, 250 Divākara, Sanskrit author, 336 Divākara, Tamil author, 371 Divākarasena (Vākā. prince), 104 Divya Prabandham, Vaishnava devotional songs, 5, 360-2 Diwani, battle of, 268 Dnyāndev Dñānobā, Maratha saint, 421 Donur, 174 Dorasamudra, 211, 220, 222, 224 Dramila, 60 Dravidian, 2, 58-62 —, antiquity and extent of languages, 59 —, cultural affinities of, 60-1 —, culture of the, 12 —, linguistic affinities of the, 60 —, problem of origin, 62 Duarte Barbosa, Portuguese writer, 32, 325, 328, 428, 429 Duggamāra Ereyappa, 152 Duggupalli Duggaya, -Telugu author, 401 Dumarlena (Ellora), 442, 443 Durgasimha, Kannada author, 384 Durgā temple, Aihole, 439 Durvinita (Ganga king), 5, 143, 145, 334, 335, 363 Durvinita, Kannada author, 382

c22.17

Eastern Chālukya, coins, 20 Eastern coast, description of, 46-8 Eastern Ghats, description of, 37-8 Economic condition, agriculture and irrigation, 318-19 —, currency; weights and measures, 327-8 —, industry and trade, 319-20 —, maritime trade, 322-7 —, merchant guilds, 319-22 —, transport, 320 Ehuvula Chāntamūla (Iksh. king), 96 Ēkāmranātha temple at Kāñchipuram, 473 Ēkōji, 16 Ekōrāma, 424 Ekorāmi Tande, Kannada author, 389 Elamite, 60 Elephanta and Salsette (monuments), 441-3 Eli, 28, 215 Ellichpur, 240 Ellora, 4, 150, 152, 422, 437-8, 441, 445

c22.18

Ellore (Budd. monuments round about), 435 Elugaṇṭi Peddana, Telugu author, 399 Eṇṇāyiram, 313 Eṟaya (Ganga king), 154 Eṟeyanga (Hoysala king), 182, 184 Eṟeyappa, 148, 152 Etirāja, 291

c22.19

Fa Hien, Chinese traveller, 27, 322 Fanam, coin, 19 Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, 246, 250 Fei Hsin, Chinese traveller, 28 Ferishta, Muslim historian, 24-5, 232, 235-6, 238, 249, 252, 258, 279, 281, 283-4 Firdausi, 24 Firuz (Bah. king), 237-9, 257-8 Firuzabad, 237, 245 Firuz Tughlak (Sultan), 234 Fitch, Ralph, traveller, 53, 326 Foote, 51 Foreign travellers, Arab, 28-9 —, Chinese, 27-8 —, European, 29-33 —, period of, 25-6 —, Portuguese, 32-3 —, Roman, 26 —, types of, 25-6 Friar Jordanus, 31, 303, 429 Friar Odoric of Pordenone, 30, 429 Futuh-us-Salatin, 24

c22.20

Gadaba, 59 Godāvari river, described, 41 Gadā Yuddha, Kannada work, 23, 383 Gajabāhu I (Ceylon king), 112 Gām(v)uṇḍa, 159, 322 Ganapati (Kākatiya king), 191, 206-7, 210-12, 324 Gandagopāla, 206-7 Gandarāditya (Chola king), 172, 368 Gaṅgādevī, princess and Sanskrit author, 256, 340 Gaṅgaikoṇḍaśōlapuram, 6, 167, 176, 181, 418 —, temple, 456, 458 Gaṅgapāḍi, 173 see Gaṅgavāḍi Gaṅgarāya, 270 Gaṅgas of Gaṅgavāḍi, 107-9 Gaṅgas of Kaliṅga, 156 Gaṅgavāḍi, 107, 152, (pāḍi) 154, 173, 179 Gaṅgaya Sāhini, 212 Gaṅgu Bāhmanī, 232 Gardabhilla, king of Ujjain, 90 Garshasp Malik, 218 Gauḍapāda, 417

c22.21

Gautamī Balaśrī, 91 Gautamī Godāvarī, 41 Gautamīputra (Vākā. prince), 103 — (Vihāra), 434 — Sāta karni (Sāta. king), 91, 93, 95 Gawilgarh, fortress, 240, 477 Ghaṇṭam Siṅgaya, Telugu poet, 400 Ghaṇṭśāla (Budd. monuments), 435 Ghaṭikā, 148 Ghiyas-ud-dīn (Bah. king), 237 Ghiyas-ud-dīn Damghani, 230 Ghiyas-ud-dīn (Tughlak), 223, 224 Gingee 289, 291-5, 306 Goa, 143, 233, 245, 250, 257, 263, 267, 269, 272, 275, 280-1 Gobbūri Jaggarāya, 290 ff Godā, see Kōdai Gokarṇa, 267 Golconda coast, description of, 47 Goli, 3 — (Buddhist monuments), 435 Gommaṭa on Indrabeṭṭa, 461 Gondesvara temple at Sinnar, 469 Gondi dialect, 59 Gondwana, 238, 240 Gopāla Nāyaka, musician, 354 Gopalarāja, 292 Gopana, Vijayanagar general, 256 Goppayya, Hoy. general, 205 Gośāla Maskariputra, founder of Ājīvika sect, 427 Govardhana Mārtāndavarman, 192 Govinda (rebel), 143 Govinda II (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 152 Govinda III (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 152-4, 156, 161, 315 Govinda IV (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 170 Govinda Dikshita, Sanskrit author, 341, 354 Govindasvāmi, Sanskrit author, 352 Govindavarman (Vishṇukuṇḍin), 102 Govinda Yogi, 417 Grāmabhōjaka, 158 Guḍimallam (Pallava monuments), 451 Gujarat, 143, 210 Gulbarga, 9, 232-4, 281 — (Bāhmanī monuments), 476-9 Guṇabhara, 144 Guṇāḍhya, author, 334, 350, 363 Guṇaga Vijayāditya III (E. Chālukya), 154-5, 169 Guṇasāgara, Tamil author, 370 Guṇavirapaṇḍita, 371 Guṇṭupalli (Budd. monuments), 434-5 Gurjaras of Malwa, 150 Guru Basava, Kannada author, 391 Gutti, 180, 255, 276, 278, 288 Guzerates, 325

c22.22

Hafiz of Persia, 236 Hāla (Sāta. king), 90-1, 333 Halāyudha, Sanskrit author, 337 Halebid (Hoysala monuments), 465 Hambar, 246, 262-3 Hamir, 247 Haradatta, Sanskrit author, 332, 348, 350 Haradattācārya, Sanskrit author, 346 Harapāla-deva, Sanskrit author, 354 Harapāla Deva (Yādava king), 222 Haridāsa, Tamil poet, 374 Haridatta, Sanskrit author, 352 Harihara I (Vijayanagar king), 227-33, 254-6 Harihara II (Vijayanagar king), 237-8, 256-7, 387 Harishena, 81 Harishena (Vāka. king), 105 Hariśvara, Kannada poet, 389 Hārīta Venkatācārya, Sanskrit scholar, 349 Hārīti, 105 Harivarman (Kadamba king), 107 Harsha, 143-4 Harshadeva, Chandela ruler, 170 Harsha Sīyaka, Paramāra ruler, 171 Hasan Gangu, 232 Hasan Khan, (Bah. prince), 238 --- (Bah. prince), 244 Hastibhoja, 105 Hastivarman (Sālankāyana), 100 Hastivarman II (Sālankāyana), 101 Hāthigumphā inscription, 79, 85, 90 Hazāra Rāma temple in Vijayanagar, 471, 472 Hemādri, Yādava minister, 211, 348-9, 470 Herakles, 26, 67, 81 Hero stone, 126 Hīnayāna Buddhism, 432 Hippalus, Egyptian pilot, 134 Hiranyakeśin, Sanskrit author, 331 Hiranyavarman, 148 Honavar, 264 Hosadrug, fort, 221, 226 Hoysalas of Dorasamudra, Muslim subjugation of, 220, 226 Hoysala rulers, 7, 8, 182, 184, 189-91, 204-6, 208-11, 220-1, 225-31, 305, 331, 338, 386, 419, 428, 465 Hoysaleśvara temple at Halebid, 465 Hsing-Cha-Sheng-Lan, Chinese work, 28 Huccimalligudi, 440 Hullakki Bhāskara, Telugu poet, 398 Humāyun (Bāhmanī), 244, 262 Humkāraśaṅkarī, temple, 422

c22.23

Hurrian, 60 Hussain Nizam Shah, 281-6 Hushang Shah of Malwa, 240, 241

c22.24

Ibn al-Fakih, Arab writer, 29 Ibn Batuta, Arab traveller, 29, 231, 311, 428 Ibn, Khurdadbeh, Persian author, 28 Ibn Said, Arab traveller, 29 Ibrahim Adil Khan, 277, 281 Ibrahim II (Bijapur sultan), 25, 252 Ibrahim Qutb-Shah, 281-4, 287, 404 Ibrahim Rauza (monument), 480 Idavai, 167 Ikhtiyar-ud-din Muhammad-i-Bhaktyar Khilji, 213 Ikkeri, 316 Ikshvākus, 3, 95-7 Ilandattan, Tamil poet, 123 Ilangō Adigal, Tamil poet, 362 Ilañjētcenni, 119, 123 Ilvala, 68 Imayavaramban (Chera king), 113 Immaḍi Narasimha (Vijayanagar king), 264-5 Indikopleustes, foreign traveller, 26, see Cosmas Indo-Aryan languages, 59 Indo-China, 2, 4, 15, 69, 78, 101 Indonesia, 2 Indra (Rāshtrakūta prince), 152 Indra III (Rāshtrakūta king), 170, 336 Indra IV (Rāshtrakūta king), 316 Indrabeṭṭa (Jaina monument), 461 Indra-bhaṭṭāraka (Vishnu king), 102 Indravarman (Ganga king), 102 Indus valley, 12, 60 Inscriptions, estimate of, 19 —, value of, 18 —, contents of, 16-17 —, copper plate, historical value of, 15-16 —, copper plate, language of, 14-15 —, dates adopted in, 18 —, earliest language of, 13-14 —, order followed in, 17-18 Iraiyanār Agapporuḷ, Tamil work, 23, 111, 363 Iraiyanār Agapporuḷ Urai, 73 Iran, 60 Iraṭṭaippulavar, Tamil poets, 377 Iravikorran, 210 Isfandiyār, 232 Islam, 424, 427 Ismail Adil Shah, 269, 271-3, 275 Ismail Mukh, 232 Isāmy, Muslim historian, 24 Iso Tapir, 192

c22.25

Iśvara (Tuluva general), 262, 263 Iśvara Dikshita, Sanskrit author, 333 Iśāna Śivaguru, Sanskrit author, 353 Isuppu Irappan, 192 Ite Obalesa, 290 I-tsing, Chinese traveller, 27, 322 Iṭṭagi (Hoysala monument), 462

c22.26

Jagaddala Somanātha, Kannada author, 385 Jagadekamalla II (W. Cālukya), 189, 354, 385 — III (W. Cālukya), 190 Jagannātha temple at Puri, 465-7 Jagatipāla, 177 Jaggadevarāya, 287, see Gobburi Jaggarāya Jaggeyapeta (Budd. monuments), 455 Jainism, 3, 5, 97, 138-9, 142, 144, 412-13, 415-16, 419, 424, 426-7 Jaitugi (Yādava), 191, 210 — II (Yādava), 211 Jājnagar, 213, 224 Jakkanārya, Kannada author, 391 Jalal Khan, 244 Jalāl-ud-dīn (Khilji king), 218-19 Jalāl-ud-dīn Hasan Shah (of Madura), 228, 230 Jamalgarhi, 51 Jamāl-ud-dīn Husaini, Muslim saint, 239 Jambukeśvara temple, 461 Jambulamadugu, battle of, 288 Jami Masjid at Daulatabad, 477 — of Gulbarga, 476, 478 — of Bijapur, 479 Jamkhed, battle of, 282 Jananātha of Dhārā, 179 Janāśraya (Vishnu. Mādhavavarman II), 102 Janna, Kannada poet, 385-6 Jaṭā-Choḍa Bhīma, Telugu Choḍa Chief, 173 Jaṭāvarman Kulaśekhara (Pāndya king), 189, 203 Jaṭāvarman Sundara Pāndya, 206-8, 212 Jātaveda Dīkshita, Sanskrit author, 350 Jaṭila Parāntaka Neḍuñjaḍaiyan (Pāndya king), 150 Jatinga-Rāmeśvara, 14 Jaugada, 84 Java, 4, 15, 78 Jayakeśi II of Goa, (Kadamba), 182, 185 Jayanandivarman, Bāṇa chieftain, 150 Jayangondār, Tamil poet, 366 Jayantavarman (Pāndya king), 146

c22.27

Jayasenāpati, Sanskrit author, 354 Jayasimha II (W. Cālukya king), 175, 177, 305, 384 Jayasimha III (W. Cālukya king), 182, 184 Jayasimhavarman (Bādāmi Cālukya prince), 146-7 Jayatīrtha, Sanskrit author, 347 Jayavarman of Brihatphalāyana gotra, 97 Jews, 303 Jñānaghana, Sanskrit author, 344 Jñāneśvara, Marātha saint, 211, 421 Jñānottama, Sanskrit author, 344 Joao de Castro, 280 Jogeśvara temple in Salsette, 442, 443 John of Marignolli, European traveller, 31 John of Monte Corvino, foreign traveller, 30 Jowhur, Abyssinian slave, 248 Juang, 59 Juda, 325 Junnar, 94, 432

c22.28

Kābrā Pahār, rock-paintings, 53 Kacciyappa Śivācārya, Tamil poet, 376 Kadamba coins, 20 Kadamba rulers, 3, 14, 96-7, 104-8, 143, 182 Kādars, 56-7 Kāḍavarāyas, 206 Kadiripati, Telugu author, 406 Kaḍungōn (Pāndya king), 111, 144, 146 Kailāsa temple, (Kāñchī), 148-9, 161, 441, 449-51 Kailāsa temple at Ellora, 152, 442-5 Kākatiya coins, 20 Kākatiya rulers, 7-8, 177, 190-1, 206-7, 210-3, 215, 219-20, 222-4, 268, 270-1, 324, 339, 398 Kakkala, Chedi king, 169 Kakkalans, 59 Kakusthavarman (Kadamba king), 104, 106 Kalabhras, 3, 139-40, 144-6 Kālaḍi, 343, 417 Kālahasti, 168, 267, 275, 422 Kālaka, Jain saint, 90 Kalamegham, Tamil poet, 377 Kālāmukhas, 422 Kaḷandaikkumaran, Tamil author, 376 Kaḷavaḷi, Tamil poem, 123, 129, 357 Kalbergah, 325 Kālidāsa, Sanskrit poet, 89, 104, 334, 339-40, 400, 402, 406 Kalidiṇḍi, battle of, 177

c22.29

Kalimullah (Bah. king), 251 Kalinga, 66, 75-6, 79, 84-5, 91, 101, 110, 144, 150, 156 Kalingadhipatis, 101 Kalinga rulers, 212-13 Kalingattup Paraṇi, Tamil poem, 23, 184, 366 Kalittogai, Tamil classic, 110, 355 Kallaḍanār, Tamil poet, 366 Kallars, 57 Kalleśvara temple at Kukkanūr, 462 Kallinātha, Sanskrit author, 354 Kaḷugumalai, 86 Kaḷumalam, battle of, 123 Kaḷuvuḷ, 117 Kaḷyāṇapura, 419 Kaḷyāṇi, 177-8, 191 Kamalai Nānaprakāśar, Tamil author, 374 Kamal Khan, 269 Kamban, Tamil poet, 365-7, 380 Kambha, 152 Kambhoja, 184 Kambuja, 417 Kampahareśvara temple at Tribhuvanam, 459 Kampili, 178, 180, 221, 224, 226-8, 230 Kampiladēva, 221, 224, 225 Kamsāli Rudraya, Telugu author, 404 Kaṇaikkāl Irumporai (Chera king), 123 Kanakadāsa of Kāginele, Kannada author, 393, 394 Kāñchī, 27, 140, 144-5, 147-8, 150-1, 153, 155, 178, 181, 191, 205-7, 209, 212-13, 312, 412, 417-18, 422 Kāñchīpuram, 5, 97-8, 105, 121, 145, 220, 222, 262-3, 267, 473 — (Pallava monuments), 449 Kāndaḷūr, 173 Kandara (Ānanda gotra king), 102, 103 Kandanavolu Gopālarāju, 288 Kandasāmi Pulavar, Tamil author, 378 Kandhyāna, fortress, 226 Kandūr, 220 Kangavarman (Kadamba king), 106 Kanha (Sāta. king), 89 Kanhaya Nāyaka, 227 Kanheri, 14, 92, 94 — (Buddhist monuments), 432-3 Kaṇṇagi, 112, 114-15, 132, 362 Kannanūr, 208 Kannanūr (Chola monuments), 452 Kannanūr Koppam, 207 Kannaradeva, Chola prince, 169 Kāpālikas, 138, 422 Kāpaya Nāyaka, 227-8, 232-4

c22.30

Kapilar, Tamil poet, 115-17 Kapileśvara Gajapati (Orissa king), 246, 260, 262-3, 265 Kapōteśvara temple at Chezarla, 437 Karahāṭaka, 94 Karaichūr, 233 Kāraikkāl Ammai, Śaiva saint, 358, 360, 412 Kāri, chieftain, Śangam age, 117 Karikāla (Chola king), 5, 119-21, 130, 132 Kāri-nāyaṇār, Śaiva saint, 360 Karka II (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 171 Karka of Lāṭa, 154 Kārkala (Jaina monument), 462 Karle, 14, 89, 94, 432-3 Karna (Sāta. king), 92 Karṇapārya, Kannada author, 385 Kārtikeya, Hindu deity, 422 Karuṇākara Toṇḍaimān, 184 Karunanadakkan (Chera chief), 313 Karuvūr, 119 Kāśi-Viśvesvara Temple at Lakkundi, 462 Kassapa V, of Ceylon, 168, 174 Kassite, 60 Katavapra, 80 Kāṭayavema Reddi, Sanskrit author, 239, 258, 340 Kātyāyana, 66, 75 Kauthal, battle of, 235 Kautilya, 67, 81, 115, 356 Kāvērī river, description of, 43-4 Kāvēri-pākkam, 312 Kāvēri-paṭṭinam, 40, 119-20 Kavirāja Mādhava Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit poet, 338 Kayādarar, Tamil author, 382 Kāyal (Paṭṭanam), 40, 214, 428 Kāyanguḷam, 28 Kedaroja, architect, 465 Kempe Gowda, 270 Keralamāhātmyam, 139 Keralaputa, 82 Keralotpatti, 21, 139 Kereya Padmarasa, Kannada author, 390 Keśava temple at Somanāthapūr, 464 Keśirāja, Kannada grammarian, 387 Ketana, Telugu author, 398 Khajuraho, 467 Khalaf Hasan, 239 Khaṇḍagiri (Jain monuments), 434 Khandala Pass, 37 Khandesh, 143 Khandivli, 51 Khan Jahan, 242 Khāravela (Kalinga king), 79, 85, 89-90, 110

c22.31

Khareptan, 257 Kharia, 59 Kherla, 240, 245 Khorassanians, 325 Khottiga (Rāṣṭrakūṭa king), 171 Khusrau, 222-3 Khusru II, 145 Khvāja Jahān, 244-5 Kilān, 158 Kingdom of Kampili, Muslim subjugation of, 224-6 —, rise of, 221 Kirtivarman (Bādāmi Chālukya), 107, 143 Kirtivarman II (Bādāmi Chālukya), 149-50, 156 Kirttivarma, Kannada author, 385 Kōccaḍaiyan (Pāṇḍya king), 149 Kōdai (Godā), Vaishnava saint, 416 Koḍukūr, fortress, 114 Koḍumbāḷūr, 422 — (Chola monuments), 454 Kodunguṇram, 116 Koḷanu, 183 Kollam, 209 Kollam era, 156 Koḷḷāpura, 178 Kollimalai, 117 Koḷḷipākkai, 174, 178 Kōna Buddharāja, Telugu poet, 398 Konarak (monuments), 465 Kondane (Buddhist monuments), 432-3 Kondapalli, 247, 248 Kondavīḍu, 246-7, 259-60, 262-3, 270-1, 276, 283, 287-8 Kongaṇivarma (Ganga king), 107 Kongu, 82-3, 113, 139, 149-50 Kongu-deśa-rājākkaḷ caritram, 21 Kongu-Vēḷir, Tamil poet, 363 Konkan coast, description of, 45 Konkaṇashtha Brahmins, 58 Koppam, battle of, 178 Kōpperuñjinga, Kāḍava chieftain, 7, 205-7, 212 Kōpperuñjōḷan, 127 Koppula chiefs of Pīthāpuram, 229 Koraṅanātha temple at Śrīnivāsanallur, 493 Koṟkai, 40, 123 Korura, 119 Kōśar, 82-3, 85 Koṭeśvara of Tuḷuvadeśa, Kannada author, 387 Kotgir, fortress, 223 Koṭṭam, 159 Koṭṭārakkara Tampurān, Malayālam author, 409 Kōṭṭāṟu, battle of, 183

c22.32

Kōvalan, 112, 115, 121, 132, 362-3 Kōvūr Kiḷār, Tamil poet, 122-3, 127 Krishna I (Rāṣṭrakūṭa), 151-2, 443 Krishna II (Rāṣṭrakūṭa king), 155, 168-70 Krishna III (Rāṣṭrakūṭa king), 5, 156, 170-2, 337 Krishna (Yādava king), 211, 344 Krishnadeva Rāya (Vijayanagar king), 266-9, 272-6, 304, 316, 333, 339-40, 347, 382, 392-4, 401-5, 421 Krishnagiri, 426 Krishna Miśra, Sanskrit author, 339, 375 Krishnappa, Nāyaka of Gingee, 291 Krishnarāya, (Ferishta's name for Bukka?) 235-6 Krishna river, description of, 41-2 Krishnavarman (Ganga king), 108 Krishnavarman (Kadamba king), 106, 108 Krishnavarman II (Kadamba king), 107 Kshetrajña of Maruvāpuri, musical composer, 355 Kshīrasāgara Miśra, Sanskrit poet, 343 Kubiraka, 85 Kublai Khan, 28, 30, 215 Kuḍakko Iḷañēral Irumporai (Chera king), 118 Kūḍal-Saṅgamam, battle of, 179 Kūḍalūrkiḷār of Madura, Tamil author, 357 Kuḍumiyāmalai inscription, 18, 354 Kukkanūr (Hoysala monuments), 462 Kulaccirai, Pāṇḍya minister, 413 Kulam, 213 Kuḷaśekhara Āḷvār, Vaishnava saint, 139, 335-6, 361, 416 Kuḷaśekhara (Pāṇḍya king), 187-8, 220 Kuḷōttunga I (Chola king), 7, 23, 180-6, 192, 208, 309, 366 Kuḷōttunga II (Chola king), 186, 189, 366 Kuḷottunga III (Chola king), 185, 188-9, 191-2, 203-5, 212, 367-8, 371, 459 Kuḷottunga III, his Pāṇḍyan Wars, 188-9 Kuḷottunga III, Reconquest of Veṅgi, 192 Kumāradāsa, Sanskrit poet, 334 Kumāra Dhūrjaṭi, Telugu author, 403 Kumāragiri, Sanskrit author and patron, 340 Kumāragiri, 259

c22.33

Kumāragupta (king), 104 Kumaragurupara, Tamil author, 378-9 Kumāra Kampana, (Vij. prince), 256, 340 Kumāra Vālmīki, Kannada author, 393 Kumāravishnu I (Pallava), 99 Kumāra Vyāsa, Kannada author, 391, 392 Kumārila (bhaṭṭa), Sanskrit author, 5, 335, 342-3, 411, 416-17 Kumbakonam, 128, 149, 153-4, 167, 267, 453, 473 —, (Chola monuments), 453 Kumbha (Sāta. king), 92 Kumudendu, Kannada author, 387 Kunāla, battle of, 144 Kundavai, 173, 315 Kunrathūr, prehistoric site, 54 Kuntala, 79, 95, 213 Kurku, 59 Kurugai Perumāḷ Kavirāyar, Tamil author, 380 Kurumbas, 57 Kuruvatti (Hoysala monuments), 462 Kutb-ud-dīn Mubārak (Khilji), 221 Kuṭṭuvan (Chera), 113 Kuvalāla, 108 Kyanzittha, 184

c22.34

Ladh Khān temple, 439 Lakkanna, Kannada author, 391 Lakkuṇḍi (Hoysala monuments), 462 Lakshmīdāsa, Sanskrit poet, 339 Lakshmīdhara, (Vij. minister), 259 Lakshmīnārāyaṇa, musician and author, 354 Lakshmīśa, Kannada author, 393 Langhnaj, 51, 52 Lankas, 41 Lāṭa, 146, 152 Levant, the, 215 Leyden grant of Rājarāja, 16 Līlā-śuka, Krishna-, Sanskrit author, 337, 350 Lingama Nāyaka of Vellore, 288 Lingarāja temple at Bhuvaneśvar, 466 Liṅgāyat cult, 424 Liṅgāyats, 309 Linschoten, John Huighen van, Dutch traveller, 33 Literary works, historical value of, 21-2 Literature, Kannada, 382-94 —, Malayāḷam, 406-10 —, Sanskrit, 331-55 —, Tamil, 2, 355-82 —, Telugu, 394-406 Lokāyata, 412

c22.35

Lokavibhāga, Jain work, 98 Lokeśvara temple of Pattadakal, 320 Lolla Lakshmīdhara, Sanskrit author, 349 Lopāmudrā, 68, 70, 74 Lycians, 60

c22.36

Ma'bar, 220-2, 226, 230, 323 Mackenzie, Colin, 21 Mādai Tiruvengaḍanāthar, Tamil author, 375 Mādayyagari Mallana, Telugu poet, 403 Mādhariputa Īśvarasena (Ābhīra), 95 Mādhava, Skt. author, 10, 256, 298, 343, 344, 349-50 Mādhava I (Ganga), 108 — II (Ganga), 108 Mādhavan Nambūtiri, Sanskrit author, 353 Mādhava Paṇikkar, Malayāḷam author, 408 Mādhavavarman I (Vishnukundin), 102 Mādhavavarman II (Vishn.), 102, 395 Mādhava Yogi, Sanskrit author, 333 Mādhavī, 362, 363 Madhukāmārnava (E. Ganga), 175 Madhura, Kannada author, 387 Madhura Kavi Āḷvār, Vaishnava saint, 361, 362, 416 Madhurā Vijayam, Sanskrit poem, 256, 340 Madhva, philosopher, 347, 411, 419 Madras, 290 Madrasa of Gawan in Bidar, 476, 479 Madura, 8, 81, 82, 111, 124, 141, 144, 150, 154, 220, 256, 292, 362, 413, 425, 474 Maduraikkāñji, Tamil poem, 121-2 Maduraittala-Varalāṟu, Temple chronicle, 21 Magadai, 207 Magadha, 75, 79, 88 Magara kingdom, 205 Mahadeo Hills, 53, 59 Mahādeva (Kākatīya), 84, 191 Mahādeva (Yādava), 211-12, 344, 349 Mahādeva temple at Ittagi, 462 Mahādeviyakka, Kannada authoress, 388 Mahājanas, 159 Mahākūta, 143, 305, 422 Mahānadī, 150 Mahānandi, 267 Mahāsena, temples, 422 Mahāvamsa, 84 Mahāvīra, 427 Mahāyāna Buddhism, 432, 437

c22.37

Mahendramangalam, 206 Mahendravarman I (Pallava), 5, 144-5, 335, 354, 360, 412-13, 415, 445-50 Mahendravarman II (Pallava), 146-7 Mahī, 150 Mahinda, son of Aśoka, 84 Mahinda IV, ruler of Ceylon, 172 Mahinda V, ruler of Ceylon, 173-4 Mahīpāla I of Kanauj, Pratīhāra, 170 Mahishamandala, 84 Mahmud (Bah. king), 250-1 Mahmud Begarha, 251 Mahmud Gawan, 244-9, 251, 262, 313 Mahmud I of Malwa, 244-5 Ma Huan, Chinese traveller, 28 Majir Abu Rija, 223, 225 Makhdumah Jahan, Bāhmanī queen, 244 Malabar coast, description of, 46 Mālagitti Śivālaya at Bādāmi, 440 Malaiyamān, 117 Malakonda, 86 Malakongam, 149 Maḷamangalam Nambūdiri, Malayalam author, 408 Malaprabhā, 143 Mālavas, 143 *Mālavikāgnimitra*, 89 Malaysia, 101 Malik Ahmad Nizam-ul-Mulk, 250 Malik Fakhr-ud-din Juna, 219 Malik Hasan, 246-7, 249-50 Malik Kafur, Khilji general, 209, 219-22 Malik Maqbul, 229 Malik Muhammad, governor of Kampili, 227 Malik Shah Turk, 244 Malik-ut-Tujjar Khalaf Hasan, 243 Malik Yak Lakhy, 222 Malik Zada, 225-6 Malitama, sculptor 320 Mallana, Telugu author, 398 Mallanārya of Gubbi, Kannada author, 392 Malleśvara, temple (Bezwada), 422 Mallikārjuna, Kālāmukha preceptor, 454 Mallikārjuna (Vijay. king), 261-2 Mallikārjunadeva temple at Bādāmi, 145 Mallikārjuna, Kannada author, 386-8 Mallikārjuna Paṇḍitārādhya, Telugu and Kannada author, 389, 396, 425 Mallikārjuna temple at Kuruvatti, 462 Mallinātha, Sanskrit author, 235, 342 Mallināthan Rājanārāyaṇa Sambuvarāyan, 377

c22.38

Mallū Adil Khan, 276 Māmallapuram, 5, 40, 144-6, 148 — (Pallava monuments), 436, 446-7, 449 Māmūlanār, Tamil poet, 80, 85, 86 Mānabhūsha of Madura, 265 Maṇavāḷa Mahāmuni, Vaishnava saint, 346, 375, 421 Mānavarma, Ceylonese prince, 145-6 Manavāśagaṅgaḍandār, Tamil author, 372 Māna Vikrama, Zamorin of Calicut, 350-1 Mañcanna, Kannada author, 389 —, Telugu author, 398 Maṇḍagappattu (Pallava monuments), 446 Maṇḍalam, 159 Maṇḍalapurusha, Tamil author, 381 Maṇḍana Miśra, Sanskrit author, 343-4, 351 Māndarañjēral Irumporai, 119 Mangaleśa (Bādāmi Chālukya), 143, 161 Mangalore, 264 Mangarāja, Kannada author, 387 Mangi, 155 Māṅguḍi Kiḷār (Marudan), Tamil poet, 121 Maṇigrāmam, (title) 210, (guild) 320-1 Mānikka-vāśagar, Śaiva saint, 358, 360, 414, 416 Manimangala, battle of, 145 *Maṇimēkalai*, Tamil classic, 72, 132, 138, 140, 363, 412 Mantrimaṇḍala, 160 Manu, 65, 356 Manumañci Bhaṭṭa, Telugu author, 405 Manuma Siddhi, 212 Mānyakheṭa, 4, 140, 155, 171, 173-4, 177 Māppiḷḷas, 427 Maraīñānasambandar, Tamil author, 374 Mārana, Telugu author, 398 Marandai, 113 Mārasimha (Ganga), 171 Māravarman Avaniśūḷāmaṇi (Pāṇḍya), 146, 414 Māravarman Kulaśekhara I (Pāṇḍya), 208-9, 377 Māravarman Rājasimha I (Pāṇḍya), 149 Māravarman Rājasimha II (Pāṇḍya), 168 Māravarman Sundara Pāṇḍya, 203-6 Māravarman Sundara Pāṇḍya II, 206

c22.39

Mara Vijayottungavarman of Śrī Vijaya, 174 Marco Polo, Venetian traveller, 25, 30, 203, 213-14, 429 Māragasakheśvara temple at Virinchipuram, 473 Maritime contact of South India with the east, 77-8; with the west, 76-7 Maruḷa, 424 Maruḷa Siddha, Kannada author, 389 Māśilāmaṇi Sambandar, Tamil author, 374 Maski, 14, 54, 175 Masūdi, Arab traveller, 29, 428 Masulipatam, 263, 289, 290 Matangeśvara temple at Kāñchipuram, 451 Māṭharas of Kaliṅga, 101 Mathurā, 67 Matli Ananta, Telugu poet, 405 Mattavilāsa, Sanskrit farce, 144, 155, 160, 335, 413 Mauryan empire, 88 Mauryan expedition to the south, 85-6 Mauryas, 14, 79-81, 84-6, 89; of Koṅkaṇ, 143 Māvaḷattān, 122 Mayilaināthar, Tamil author, 381 Mayurbhanj, 50 Mayūraśarman (Kadamba), 105, 106 Mediterranean, 57 Megaliths, 53-6 Megasthenes, 26, 81-2 Meguti Jaina temple (Aihoḷe), 440 Melkote, 419 Melpāḍi 422 Mesoliths, 50-2 Methwold, English factor, 33 Meykaṇḍār, Śaiva saint and author, 347, 371-2, 423 Microliths, 50-3 Mihira Bhoja (Gurjara), 155 Mihtar Mahal, 480 Minnagara, 91 Mir Jumla, 293-4 Mitāksharā of Vijñāneśvara, 309, 348 Mogalrājapuram (Pallava monuments), 446 Mohenjo-Daro, 56 Mōhūr, 85, 114 Molla, Telugu poetess, 404 Mongolians, 58 Moplahs, 427 Mōriyar, 85 Mrigeśavarman (Kadamba), 107 Mriṇālavati, 173 Mubarak Khilji, 222

c22.40

Mudgal, 227, 261, 275 Muḍikoṇḍaśōḷapuram, 205 Muḍugūr, 207 Muhammad I (Bah. king), 233-6, 255 Muhammad II (Bah. king), 236-7, 255, 257 Muhammad III (Bah. king), 245-50, 263-4 Muhammad Adil Shah's tomb, 480 Muhammad bin Tughlak, 224-6, 228, 232, 234, 477 Muhammad Kasim (Ferishta), 252, see Ferishta Muhammad Quil Qutb Shah, 287 Mujahid (Bah. king), 236, 255 Mukhaliṅgam (Kaliṅga monuments), 465 Mukteśvar temple at Bhuvaneśvar, 466; at Kāñchipuram, 451 Muṇḍa languages, 59 Muñja of Malwa, 173 Muppiḍi Nāyaka, 222 Murhari Rao, 287 Murugan, Hindu deity, 55, 138, 355-6, 373 Mūshaka, 337 Muśiri, port, 126, 134 Muslim historians, 23-5 Mustafa Khan, 294 Mūtibas, 66 Muttarayar, 167-8 Muttu Virappa, Nāyaka of Madura, 291 Mutuḍa, 158 Mūvarkōil in Koḍumbāḷūr, 454 Mylapore, 215

c22.41

Nacciṉārkkiniyar, Tamil commentator, 73, 120, 381 Nachana Soma, Telugu author, 398 Naḍādūr Ammāḷ, Sanskrit author, 345 Nāḍu, 159 Nāga(s), 96-7, 116, 447 Nāgabhaṭa II (Gurjara), 152 Nāgachandra, Kannada author, 385 Nāgai, 312 Nāgalā devī, 275 Nāga Nāyaka, 226 Nāgama Nāyaka, 278 Nāganikā, 89 Nāgarāja, Kannada author, 387 Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, 3, 96 — (Buddhist monuments), 435 Nagaram, 158 Nāgavarma I, Kannada author, 384 — II, Kannada author, 385 Nāgavarmāchārya, Kannada poet, 384 Nāgeśvara temple at Kumbakonam, 453

c22.42

Nagore, 428 Nahapāna (Śaka king), 91 Nahapāna (Vihāra), 434 Nakkīrar, Tamil writer, 121, 363 Nalangilli, 122-3 . Nalas, 143 Nālāyira Divyaprabandham, 360-2 Nallanduvanār, Tamil poet, 355 Nallasiddha, 191 Nalliyakkōḍan, 123 Nallūr Virakavirāyar, Tamil author, 376 Nambi Āṇḍār Nambi, Tamil author, 358-9, 368-9, 418 Nambillai, Tamil commentator, 369 Nambūri of Kāśi illam, Sanskrit author, 353 Nammāḻvār, Vaishnava saint, 361-2, 416 Nāṇādeśis, 320 Nānak-kūttar, Tamil author, 376 Nana Pass, 36 Nāṇaprakāśar of Tiruvorriyūr, Tamil author, 373 Nāṇasambandar, Śaiva saint, 18, 358-9, 361, 368, 392, 413-15 Nāṇaśivācārya, Sanskrit author, 347 Nāṇavarōdaya Paṇḍāram, Tamil author, 376 Nandan, Śaiva saint, 412, 416 Nandas, 79, 85 Nandela Krishnamarāya, 288 Nander, 79 Nandigrāma, 149 Nandik-kalambakam, Tamil work, 23, 364 Nandi Kanama, 51 Nandi Mallaya, Telugu poet, 400 Nandi Timmana, Telugu poet, 402 Nandivarman I (Sālaṅkāyana), 100-1 Nandivarman II (Sālaṅkā.), 101 Nandivarman II (Pallava), 97, 148-51, 155, 160-1 Nandivarman III (Pallava), 111, 153-5, 321, 364 Naneghat, 89 Nanjaya (sculptor), 320 Nanjiyar, Tamil commentator, 369 Nannan, 118 Nannaya, Telugu poet, 395-6 Nanne Choḍa, Telugu poet, 396-7 Narahari (Kumāra Vālmīki), Kannada poet, 393 Narahari-tīrtha, Kannada author, 392 Nāraṇappa, Kannada author, 392 Narasa Nāyaka (Vij. general and king), 251, 263-6 Narasela, 94 Narasimha (deva) I (E. Ganga), 213, 468

c22.43

Narasimha I (Hoysala), 190, 465 Narasimha II (Hoysala), 204-6, 210, 338 Narasimha II (E. Ganga), 339 Narasimha III (Hoysala), 209, 211 Narasimha IV (E. Ganga), 213 Narasimha, Telugu author, 405 Narasimhavarman I (Pallava), 145-7, 149, 155, 307, 335, 445 Narasinga Munaiyadaraiyan, local chieftain, 414 Naravāṇadatta, 363 Nārāyaṇa, (minister of Krishna III), 312 Nārāyaṇa, Sanskrit jurist, 348 Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa, Telugu poet, 395 Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭatiri of Melpattūr, Sanskrit poet, 351 Nārāyaṇa Nambūri, Skt. poet and grammarian, 353 Nārāyaṇa Nambūri of Agnihotri illam, Sanskrit grammarian, 353 Nārāyaṇārya, Vaishnava Skt. author, 345 Narendramrigarāja, 153 Narendrasena (Vākā king), 104 Nārkavirājanambi, Tamil author, 377 Naramada river, description of, 44, 144 Naṟṟiṇai, Tamil work, 110 Narsing of Kherla, 240, 241 Nārttāmalai (Chola monuments), 452 Nasik, 14, 89, 91-2, 94, 432, 434 Nasir Khan of Khandesh, 241, 242 Nasir-ud-din (of Madura), 231 Nasir-ud-din Shah, 232 Naṭarāja 459-60 Nathad Vali, Muslim missionary from Turkey, 428 Nāthamuni, Vaishnava saint, 345, 358, 362, 369, 418 Naṭṭattaṉār, Tamil poet, 123 Nāṭṭukkōn, 160 Nau-Nandadhera, 79 Naura, 134 Nāyak of Gingee, 285, 289, 292, 305, 341; of Madura, 285; of Tanjore, 285, 341; of Vellore, 341 Nāyaṉārs, 5, 357, 359, 412-14, 416, 421, 424 Nayiṉār Ācāriyār, 375 Neḍumāṉ Aṉji, 118 Neḍuṅgilli, 122-3 Neḍunalvāḍai, Tamil poem, 133 Neḍuñjeliyan (Pāṇḍya), 119, 121-2, 133 Neḍuñjēral Ādan (Chera), 113 Negapatam, 174, 415, 425 Negrito, 56

c22.44

Nelcynda, 134 Nemanna, Kannada author, 388 Nemichandra, Kannada poet, 386 Neoliths, 50-3 Nettūr, battle of, 188 Nijaguṇa-śiva yogi, Kannada author, 392 Nikitin, Athanasius, Russian traveller, 32, 252, 306 Nīlakaṇtha, Sanskrit author, (1) 337, (2) 347 Nīlakaṇtha Dīkshita, Sanskrit poet, 341 Nīlakaṇtha Somayājin, Sanskrit author, 353 Nilawar, 213 Nilgiris, 53 Nimbārka, 8, 419 Nimili, 118 Niramba Aḷagiya Dēśikar, Tamil author, 374 Niravadyapura, battle of, 169 Nishumbhasūdinī, 167 Nītimārga (Ganga), 155 Nizampatam, 289-90 Nizam Shah (Bah. king), 244 Nolambādhirāja I (Mangi), 155 Nolambapāḍi, 173, 189 Nordics, 58 Nṛipatunga (Pallava), 153-4, 167, 312 Nṛipatunga (Rāshṭrakūṭa), 154, 382-3 Nuniz, Portuguese chronicler, 32, 258-60, 262-3, 266-7, 271, 273, 275, 277, 297, 307

c22.45

Oragadam (Pallava monument), 451 Ōri, 117 Ormuz, 264 Oṭṭakkūttan, Tamil poet, 23, 366, 377

c22.46

Padearao (Vijay. king), 263 Padirruppattu, Tamil classic, 110, 112, 115, 138 Padmapāda, Sanskrit author, 344 Padma-ṭanka, coin, 19-20 Padumanār, Tamil poet, 357 Pagan, 322 Pahlavas, 91, 93 Painting, Ajanta, 437-8 —, Ellora, 445 Paithan, 89 Palaiyan Māṛan, 118 Pālāsika, 106-7 Paleoliths, 50 Pāli, 118 Pālkuriki Sōmanātha, Telugu and Kannada author, 390, 396 Pallava dynasty, Administration under the, 99-100

c22.47

Pallava, early rulers of the, 97-9 —, origin, 97 Pallava history, Literary evidence for, 23 Pallava-Pāṇḍya conflict, 149, 150, 153-4 Pallāvaram (Pallava monuments), 446 Pallavarāya, 187 Pallava rulers, 5, 15, 97-100, 108, 111, 144-55, 160-1, 167-8, 307, 312, 321, 334-5, 354, 360, 364, 412-13, 415, 445, 450 Paes, Portuguese chronicler, 267, 305 Palśālai Mudukuḍumi, 121 Pampa, Kannada poet, 337, 383, 395 Pampa-bhārata, Kannada poem, 23, 383 Panamalai (Pallava monuments), 449 Panambāraṇār, Tamil poet, 73, 74 Pañcabāṇa, Kannada poet, 394 Pañcāladeva, 171 Paṇḍaia, 26, 67, 81 Paṇḍaranga, E. Chālukya general, 169 Pāṇḍik-Kōvai, Tamil work, 22-3, 360 Paṇḍitārādhya, Kannada author, 391, 424 Pāṇḍyakavāṭa, 81 Pāṇḍya power, Expansion of, 151 Pāṇḍyas of Madura, Muslim subjugation of, 220-1, 222-3 Pāṇḍya rulers, 111, 119, 121-2, 133, 144, 146, 149-51, 153-6, 167-8, 172, 182-3, 187-9, 192, 203-9, 212, 220-4, 334, 337, 414 Pangal, 257-8 Pāṇini, Sanskrit grammarian, 66, 75, 313, 331, 336, 350, 352-3 Pāpanātha temple at Pattadakal, 440 Pāparāja, Telugu author, 405 Parākramabāhu, prince of Ceylon, 205 Parākramabāhu I, ruler of Ceylon, 187-8 Parākramabāhu II, ruler of Ceylon, 208 Parākramabāhu III, ruler of Ceylon, 209 Parākramadeva (Pāṇḍya), 224 Parākrama Pāṇḍya (of the Civil War), 187 Parambikkuḷam, 56 Parameśvaras, three Sanskrit authors of Kerala, 351 Parameśvaravarman I (Pallava), 146-8 Parameśvaravarman II (Pallava), 148 Paraṇar, Tamil poet, 114 Paraṇjōti, (1) grammarian 380, (2) avatar of Śiva, 423 Parāntaka I (Chola), 6, 18, 168-9, 171-2, 186, 331-2, 368, 453

c22.48

Parāntaka II (Chola), 172, 193, 454 Parāntaka Pāndya 183, 187, 192 Parāntaka Vīranārāyana (Pāndya), 168 Parāśara's code, 10, 298 Parāśara Bhatta, Sanskrit author, 345 Paraśurāma, 65; legend of, 70, 71 Paraśurāmeśvara temple at Bhuvaneśvar, 466; at Gudimallam, 451 Pardaos (coin), 19 Pāri, chieftain, Sangam age, 115-17 Parimēlalagar, Tamil commentator, 381 Paripādal, Tamil classic, 110, 355 Pārthasārathi Miśra, Sanskrit author, 343 Pārthivaśekharapuram, 313 Pāśupata sect, 422-3 Pātaliputra, 80, 84 —, (Cuddalore), 412 Pattadakal, 4, 143, 320, 422 — (Chālu. monuments), 439, 462 Pattinappālai, Tamil poem, 119-21, 128, 130, 133 Pattinattu-Pillaiyār, Śaiva saint, 368 Pattini cult, 114 Pattuppāttu, Tamil classic, 110, 119, 123 Peda Tirumala, 285 Peda Venkata, 292 Ped(d)a Komati Vema of Kondavidu, Reddy king, 260, 340 Peddavegi, 100 Pegu, 260 Peninsular India, drainage of, 40 —, geographical description of, 34-5 —, ports in, 45 —, rainfall and vegetation in, 39-40 —, river deltas of, 47-8 Pennāgadam, battle of, 150 Penugonda, 285-6, 288 Perambalūr, battle of, 205 Peram Rāju Jakkana, Telugu author, 401 Pērāśiriyar, 73, 381 Periplus (of the Erythræan Sea), 26, 91, 112, 134, 136-7 Periyālvār, Vaishnava saint, 361, 415-16 Periyavāccān, Tamil commentator, 369 Persepolis, 61 Perumbair, 53 Perundēvanār, (1) Tamil poet, 111, 364, (2) Tamil commentator, 370, 381

c22.49

Perunjēral Irumporai (Chera), 117-18 Peruvajanallūr, battle of, 147 Peruvangūru, battle of, 169 Pēyālvār, Vaishnava saint, 360, 415 Piduparti Somanātha, Telugu poet, 396, 404 Pietro Della Valle, Italian traveller, 33, 311, 316 Pillai Lōkācārya, 346, 375, 420-1 Pillalmarri Pina Virabhadra Kavi, Telugu poet, 400 Pimenta, Nicolas, traveller, 33, 305 Pimpri Pass, 36 Pingali Sūranna, Telugu author, 403 Pirānmalai, 166 Pishtapura, 144 Pitalkhora (Caitya), 432 Pitenikas, 84 Pliny, 26, 88, 112 Poduca, 135 Poguttelini, 118 Polity, Indian general features of, 157-8 — under the Pallavas, 160-2 — under the Cholas, 192-8 — under Vijayanagar, 295-9 Polonnaruva, 173, 182 —, (Chola monuments), 456 Pon, hun, coin, 19 Pon Amarāvati, 204 Pondicherry, 113, 135 Ponna, Kannada poet, 383, 395 Ponnaganti Telaganna, Telugu author, 404 Pōr, battle of, 123 Porkalam, 54 Portuguese, 10, 267-9, 272, 275, 277, 303, 323, 428-9 Pōtana, Bammera, Telugu poet, 399-400 Potnur-Simhādri, 271 Potti, 118 Pottiyār, 127 Poygai Ālvār, Vaishnava saint, 360, 415 Poygaiyār, Tamil poet, 123, 357 Poyyāmoļi of Vañji, Tamil poet, 377 Prabandha Literature, value of, 22 Prabhākara, Sanskrit author, 342, 411 Praśnottara-ratna-mālikā, 155 Pratāparudra (Kākatiya), 211-13, 219, 222-4, 268, 270-1, 339, 398 Pratāparudra (Orissa king), 349 Pratishthāna, 90 Praudhadevarāya (Vijay. king), 263-4, 373 Pravarasena I (Vākā.), 103 — II (Vākā.), 104-5 Prehistoric sites excavated in South India, 55-6

c22.50

Prithivīvyāghra, Niṣhāda chieftain, 149 Prithvīpati I (W. Gaṅga), 167-8 — II (W. Gaṅga), 168-9 Prithviṣheṇa I (Vākā.), 104-5 Prola I (Kākatiya), 177 Prola II (Kākatiya), 190 Prolaya Nāyaka, 227, 229 Prolaya Vema, 227 Proto-Australoid, 56-7 Proto-Mediterraneans, 57 Ptolemy, Greek geographer, 26, 94, 112, 116, 119 Pūḍa(m) Āḷvār, Vaiṣhṇava saint, 360, 415 Pudukkoṭṭai, 53 — (Chola monuments), 452-4 Pugaḷēndi, Tamil poet, 377 Puhār, port, 126, 128, 133, 138, 362 Pūjyapāda, Kannada author, 385 Pulaiyans, 56 Pulakeśin I (Bādāmi Chālukya), 18, 107, 142-3 Pulakeśin II (Bādāmi Chālukya), 18, 102, 143-6, 156, 160-1, 334, 426 Pulakeśin, son of Jayasiṃhavarman, 147 Pulicat, 26, 290-2, 294, 327 Pulindas, 65 Puḷalūr, battle of, 144-5 Puḷumāyi II (Sātā.), 91 Punam, Malayāḷam poet, 351 Punam Nambūdiri, Malayāḷam, author, 408 Puṇḍras, 65 Puṇḍūr, battle of, 178 Puranāṉūṟu, Tamil anthology, 110, 114, 117, 126 Purāṇa Tirumalaināthan, Tamil author, 376 Purandara Dāsa, Vaiṣhṇava saint and composer, 354, 393 Puri, near Bombay, 143 — (in Orissa), 417; (Kaliṅga monuments), 465, 468 Puruṣhottama Gajapati, 246, 263-4, 266 Puṣhpagiri Timmana, Telugu author, 405

c22.51

Quasim Barid, 250-1, 265 Quasim Beg, 243 Quazi Sirāj-ud-dīn, 237 Quilon, 260, 323, 429 Quli Qutb Shah, 276 Qutbul-Mulk of Golconda, 250

c22.52

Rācamalla I (Gaṅga), 154, 170 Rācamalla IV (Gaṅga), 384, 461

c22.53

Races of South India, 56-8 Rāghavānanda Muni, Sanskrit author, 344 Rāghavāṅka, Kannada author, 389, 390 Raghunātha, Nāyaka of Tanjore, 291, 305, 341, 352, 405 Rahasyādhikrita, 160 Raichur, 84, 213, 227, 243, 261, 265, 269, 271, 275 Raigarh, 53 Rājachūḍāmaṇi Dīkṣhita, Sanskrit author, 342 Rājadhirāja I (Chola), 174, 176-7, wars with Western Chālukyas, 177-8 Rājadhirāja II (Chola), 186-8, 191 Rājāditya (Chola prince), 169-70 Rājāditya, Kannada author, 385 Rājakonda, 229, 258-9, 262, 340 Rājamahendra (Chola prince), 179 Rājānaka Ratnākara, Sanskrit author, 336 Rājanātha, Sanskrit poet, 340 Rājanātha Diṇḍima, court poet, 277, 340 Rājarāja I (Chola), 6, 16-17, 172-4, 183, 192-3, 314, 323, 418, 455 Rājarāja II (Chola), 186, 188, 194, 366, 459 Rājarāja III (Chola), 18, 203-6, 213 Rājarāja Choḍagaṅga, 183 Rājarāja (Gaṅga), 180 Rājarāja Mummuḍi Chola, 183 Rājarāja Narendra (E. Chālukya), 175, 177-8, 180, 395, 397 Rājarāja Perumbaḷḷi (Ceylon), 426 Rājarāni temple at Bhuvaneśvar, 467 Rājaśekhara, Sanskrit author, 262, 335 Rājasimha (Pallava), 148, 161 Rājasimha I (Pāṇḍya), 150 Rājaśrāvitam, 160 Rājasundara, Sanskrit author, 334 Rājendra I (Chola), 6, 166, 168, 174-7, 183 Rājendra II (Chola), 178-9 Rājendra III (Chola), 206-8 Rajula-Mandagiri, 14 Rakkhita, 84 Rakshasi-Tangadi, battle of, 279, 281, 284, see Talikota Rāma (Vijay. prince), 286, 290 Rāma Amātya, Sanskrit author, 354 Rāmabhadrāmbā, Sanskrit poetess, 341 Rāmachandra (Yādava), 211 Rāmachandra (Vijay. king), 259 Rāmachandra temple at Konarak, 468

First 53 of 77 passages. Read on