The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c18.81

c18.81

¹ Fragment xxxiv, in Strabo, xv, 1, 50. The antiquities of Girnār (Jūnāgaṛh) are described by Burgess in *Reports Archaeol. Survey W.I.*, vol. ii, and the position of the lake is defined by Cousens in the *Progress Report* of the same Survey for 1898–9, par. 49. For Rudradāman's inscription see the latest ed. by Prof. Kielhorn in *Ep. Ind.*, viii, 36, and the abstract version in Lüders's *List*, No. 965 (*Ep. Ind.*, x, App. p. 99). It is the earliest considerable inscription in the Sanskrit language. The earliest short inscription in pure Sanskrit known at present is that on the *yūpa* or sacrificial post at Isāpur near Mathurā, dated in the year 24 in the reign of Shāhi Vāsishka (*Ann. Rep. A. S., India*, for 1910–11, pp. 39–48, with plates. The inscription is only a few years earlier than that of Rudradāman). The term *rāshtriya* applied to Pushyagupta in that record should be rendered 'governor'. Tushāspha is called a 'Yāvana', but the form of the name shows that he must have been a Persian (*Ep. Ind.*, viii, 46, note). See also note in *Ind. Ant.*, xlviii, Aug. 1919, pp. 145–6, by Hemchandra Raychauduri, who suggests that Tushāspha may have been a Greek (Yāvana) who had adopted an Iranian name, just as the Yāvana Dhemmadeva, the Saka Ushavadāta, and the Kushān Vāsudeva adopted Hindu names.