The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c29.120

c29.120

¹ The date of the *Little Clay Cart* (*Mṛich-chhakaṭikā*) is unknown. Prof. S. Lévi guesses that it may be posterior to Kālidāsa (*Théâtre Indien*, p. 208). I am disposed to follow older authors in assigning an earlier date. See transl. by Ryder in Harvard Or. Ser. Concerning the date of the *Mudrā-Rākshasa*, see Haas, ed. and transl., p. 39 (Columbia Univ. Press, N.Y., 1912); Hillebrandt, ‘Ueber das *Kauṭilīya-śāstra* und Verwandtes’ (*86, Jahresber. der* *Schlesischen Gesellschaft für vaterl. Cultur*, July, 1908, p. 29; Tawney in *J. R. A. S.*, 1908, p. 910; 1909, p. 147. For the age of the Purāṇas see detailed discussion in Mr. Pargiter's book, *The Dynasties of the Kali Age*, and App. A, *ante*, p. 22. Mr. Kaye's observations on the relations between Indian and Greek mathematical science will be found in *J. R. A. S.*, 1910, p. 759; *J. & Proc. A. S. B.*, 1911, p. 813; and in 'Influence Grecque dans le Développement des Mathématiques Hindoues' (*Scientia*, vol. xxv, 1919, Bologna). For questions concerning art and architecture, see *A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon*, and the references given in that work; and in the author's paper, 'Indian Sculpture in the Gupta Period' (*Ostas. Zeitschr.*, April-Juni, 1914). The references to communications between India and China are collected in Duff, *The Chronology of India*, 1899. The Rāja of the Ka-p'i-li country sent an embassy in A. D. 428 (Watters, *J. R. A. S.*, 1898, p. 540). Embassies, some probably only commercial ventures, number six from 502 to 515. There were also many journeys of pilgrims and missionaries. For communications with the Roman empire, see Priaulx, *Indian Embassies to Rome* (bound with Apollonius of Tyana), Quaritch, 1873; Reinaud, *Relations politiques et commerciales de l'Empire Romain avec l'Asie orientale*; and Duff, *op. cit.* The Roman influence on the Gupta coinage is discussed in my 'Coinage of the Early or Imperial Gupta dynasty', *J. R. A. S.*, 1889. See also Sewell, 'Roman Coins found in India', ibid., 1904, pp. 591-637. The Gupta Buddhist monasteries at Sārnāth, Kasiā, &c., are described in the *Annual Reports of the Archaeol. Survey* since 1902-3.