The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c31.s5.66

c31.s5.66

In a. d. 1193 (a. h. 589), Delhi fell. Kanauj does not seem to have been molested, but must have come under the control of the invaders. Benares, the holy citadel of Hinduism, in a. d. 1194 became the prize of the victors, who could now feel confident that the final triumph of the arms of Islam over ‘the land of the Brahmans’ was assured. The surrender of Gwālior in 1196, the capture in 1197 of Anhilwāra the capital of Gujarāt, and the capitulation of Kālanjar in 1203 completed the reduction of Upper India, and when Shihāb-ud-dīn died in a. d. 1205–6 (a. h. 602), he—