The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c32.4

c32.4

In supersession of the view adopted in the third edition of this work, it now seems desirable to accept the hypothesis that there were two Lakshmaṇasenas, and that Lakshmaṇasena of the inscriptions is to be distinguished from Rāe Lakhmaneya who was driven out of Nūdīah (Nuddea) by Muhammad the son of Bakhtyār, as described in the *Ṭabaḳāt-i-Nāṣirī*. Another matter definitely settled by the labours of the late Professor Kielhorn, as confirmed by subsequent researches, is the beginning of the era known by the name of *Lakshamaṇasena*. The first day of that era was October 7, A. D. 1119, and the first current year as reckoned from that era was A. D. 1119–20. It is also clear that a Sena king who bore the name of Lakshmaṇa, or perhaps the epithet Lakshmaneya, a descendant of Lakshmaṇa, and who was posterior to the three sons of Lakshmaṇasena of the inscriptions, was driven out of Nūdīah by Muhammad the son of Bakhtyār at some date subsequent to the taking of Delhi by the Muhammadans in A. H. 589, which is practically equivalent to A. D. 1193, and prior to Muhammad's expedition into the hills of the NE. frontier, called Tibbat (Tibet) by the author of the *Ṭabaḳāt*, which took place in A. H. 601 (Aug. 1204–Aug. 1205).