The Greeks in Bactria and India c10.s4.77

c10.s4.77

But little is actually recorded of the country east of the Indus. A third fragment in Ptolemy (VII, 42) gives the names of two provinces in Menander’s home kingdom east of the Jhelum: Kaspeiria,¹ which Ptolemy calls the upper valleys of the Jhelum, Chenab, and Ravi, and which would thus have corresponded to southern Kashmir; and Kulindrene, named from the Kulindas or Kunindas,² which he calls the upper valleys of the Beas, Sutlej, Jumna, and Ganges, a statement which cannot be correct as it stands. We can see from some of the other provinces, as Abiria (the Abhīras) and Patalene (the Sauvīras), that there was a natural tendency to make the province coincide with the tribe or people, precisely as in the Seleucid empire; and the Kunindas were only one of several peoples in the eastern Punjab who lay between Sāgala (the Madras) and Mathurā and who must have been included in the Greek empire, not only because of their geographical position but because they started coining at the time which saw the end of Greek rule and the establishment of their independence (pp. 324 sq.). This will be considered later; it need only be said here that there must have been other provinces south-east of Sāgala beside Kulindrene—the whole country down to Mathurā could not have been included in one province—though whether each of these peoples formed a separate