The Early History of the Deccan (Parts I–XI) v2.c15.s3.t9.45

v2.c15.s3.t9.45

In fact the Kālāmukha and the Pāśupata schools of Śaivism have actually very much in common.³ Nevertheless as systems of faith and custom their paths gradually took different ways and this divergence lay probably chiefly in matters of religious practice and ritual. Even as early as the ninth century A.D., Pāśupata Śaivism had split into four different sects: namely, the Śaivas, Pāśupatas, Kāpālikas, and Kāruṇika-siddhāntins, all of which are referred to by Vāchaspati Miśra (A.D. 850). These divisions are also mentioned in the *Āgamaprāmāṇya* of Yāmunāchārya, but here the Kālāmukhas take the place of the Kāruṇika-siddhāntins. And in fact we already know that by the tenth century A.D. the Kālāmukha formed a distinct school of Śaivism.