The Ancient Geography of India. I. The Buddhist Period, including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang c5.s1.t4.9

c5.s1.t4.9

and Nonnus says,* “They fortified, with a net-like enclosure of interlacing works, *Gazos*, an immoveable bulwark of Ares, and never has any armed enemy breached its compact foundations.” These early notices of this famous place suggest the possibility that the *Gazaka* of Ptolemy may have been misplaced amongst the Paropamisadæ to the north of Kabul, instead of to the south of it. But as Stephanus of Byzantium, who quotes the ‘Bassarica’ of Dionysius as his authority for this Indian town, πόλις Ἰνδικὴ, takes no notice of the Indian *Gazaka*, I conclude that he must have looked upon it as a different place.