The Ancient Geography of India. I. The Buddhist Period, including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang c6.s1.t4.2

c6.s1.t4.2

At the present day the principal places in this division of Sindh are Sehwân, Hâla, Haidarâbâd, and Umarkot. In the middle ages, under Hindu rule, the great cities were *Sadusán*, *Bráhmana*, or *Bálmanwá*, and *Nirunkot*. But as I shall presently attempt to show that Nirunkot was most probably the modern Haidarâbâd and the ancient *Pattala*, it will more properly be included in the province of Lower Sindh, or *Lár*. Close to *Bálmanwá* the early Muhammadans founded *Mansura*, which, as the residence of their governors, was the actual capital of the province, and soon became the largest city in all Sindh. In the time of Alexander, the only places mentioned are *Sindomána*, and a city of Brahmans, named *Harmatelia* by Diodorus. I will now describe these places in detail, beginning with the most northerly.