Geography of Early Buddhism c12.85

c12.85

¹ Kern, Manual of Indian Buddhism, p. 91. Eliot thinks that in Buddhist times the Cetiya became a reliquary or cenotaph generally located near a monastery and surrounded by a passage for reverential circumambulation. (Hinduism and Buddhism, Vol. II, p. 172.) Grünwedel and Burgess, on the other hand, think that the term, caitya is applied to a monument or cenotaph, and in a secondary shrine to a temple or shrine containing a Caitya or dhātugarbha. The Caityas or dagobas, they think, are an essential feature of temples or chapels, there being a passage for circumambulation round the Caitya or cetiya. According to them the Caitya, however, applies not only to sanctuaries, but to sacred trees, holy spots and other religious monuments (Buddhist Art in India, pp. 20-21). R. C. Childers in his Pāli Dictionary (p. 102) means, by the term cetiya, a religious building or shrine, a temple, a thūpa or Buddhist relic shrine, a sacred tree or a tomb. Cetiyangana means an open courtyard round a cetiya. Cf. the P.T.S. Dictionary ‘Cetiya’, p. 104.