Tribes in Ancient India c32.76

c32.76

In the second stage, as portrayed in the *Rājovāda Jātaka* (Fausböll, No. 334), Kāsī and Kośala appear as two equally powerful kingdoms, flourishing side by side, each with its inner circle, outer districts, and border-lands, one ruled over by its king, Brahmadatta, and the other by King Mallika. We see the ruler of Kāsī following the religious principle of ‘conquering wrath by wrathlessness’ (*akkodhena jine kodhaṃ*), and the ruler of Kośala following the strong administrative principle of ‘applying hardness for the hard and softness for the soft’ (*daḷhaṃ daḷhassa khipati Malliko mudunā mudum*).