Historical Geography of Ancient India c6.697

c6.697

*Udyāna.*—It was situated on the river *Su-p'o-fa-su-tu*, the *Śubhavāstu* in Skt., the Suastus of Arrian, and the modern Swāt river. Udyāna embraces the four modern districts of Pangkora, Bijāwar, Swāt and Bunir. The capital of Udyāna was called Mangala (*C.A.G.I.*, 93ff.; *J.R.A.S.*, 1896, p. 655). According to Fa-hien, who visited India in the 5th century A.D., Udyāna or Woo-Chang was a part of North India. Udyāna, meaning the park, was situated to the north of the Punjab (P) along the Subhavāstu now called the Swāt. The law of the Buddha was flourishing here. There were 500 *saṅghārāmas* or monasteries. The monks inhabiting them were students of Hinayānism. The Buddha visited this country and left his foot-print. Fa-hien remained in Woo-Chang and kept the summer retreat (Legge, *Travels of Fa-hien*, pp. 28-29). The people of Udyāna (*Wu-chang-na*), according to Hiuen Tsang, held Buddhism in high respect. They were believers in Mahāyānism but they followed the Vinaya of the Hinayānists. There were many monasteries in ruins along the two sides of the Swāt river and the number of monks, who were Mahāyānists, was gradually reduced. There were more than ten deva-temples and various sectarians lived pell-mell (Watters, *On Yuan Chwang*, I, pp. 225ff.).