Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v1.c7.s7.t1.4

v1.c7.s7.t1.4

Each area of the Pańcavidyā or the corpus of knowledge that a Buddhist monk was supposed to master, made its mark in the new place where it was transmitted to. It is well manifest in canonical, historical and popular literature, in cave engravings and paintings, in manuscripts stored there, and also in popular legends like those of ‘Bhaiṣajyaguru’, Yaowang or Yaoshi (藥王 or 藥士). The names of authors like Long Shu 龍樹for Nagarjuna and Qutan Xida 瞿曇悉達for Gautama Siddhartha were used for works on ophthalmology and astronomy, respectively, and even names of medicinal formulae and alloys point at these exchanges. Many loan words entered Chinese language from Sanskrit too, e.g., Chan 禪for *Dhyāna*, Jiu zhi 九執 for *Navagraha*, Ka mo lo迦 摩羅for *Kāmalā* or jaundice in Sun Simiao’s literature and San guo 三 果for *Triphalā*.