Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India c7.s1.22.3

c7.s1.22.3

298).—The river Biyāh (Vipāśā) flows east of Mūltān, and joins afterwards the Biyatta (Vitastā) and Candarāha (Candrabhāgā).—The river Irāva (Irāvatī) is joined by the river Kaj which rises in Nagarkot in the mountains of Bhātul. Thereupon follows as the fifth, the river Śatladar (Śatadru).—After these five rivers have united below Mūltān at a place called Pañcanada, i.e. the meeting place of the five rivers, they form an enormous watercourse......The Muslims call the river, after it has passed the Sindhī city Aror, as a united stream, the river of Mihran. Thus it extends......enclosing in its course places like islands until it reaches al-Mansūra, situated between several of its arms, and flows into the ocean at two places, near the city of Loharānī, and more eastward in the province of Kacch at a place called Sindhusāgara, i.e. the Sindh Sea.—As the name union of five rivers (Pañcanada) occurs in this part of the world (the Punjab), we observe that a similar name is used also to the north of the above-mentioned mountain chains (i.e. the mountain bordering on the kingdom of Kāyabish), for the rivers which flow thence towards the north after having united near Tirmidh and having formed the river of Balkh, are called the union of seven rivers (cf. hapta-hindu of the ancient Iranians). The Zoroastrians of Sogdiana (Bukhara region) have confounded these two things; for they say that the whole of the seven rivers is Sindh, and its upper course Barīdish........