Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature c6.s5.44

c6.s5.44

¹¹⁶ Majumdar, pp. 56ff., p. 60 ; Lévi, *L'Etude Asiatique*, Vol. ii, pp. 1-55, 531. See Patañjali on Pāṇini, v. 1. 77 ; *Gaṇapāṭha* on Pāṇini v. 3. 100 ; *Vāyu*, 47. 54 ; *Matsya*, 121. 56 ; *Milindapañha*, op. cit., p. 280 ; *Vimānavatthu*, Ch. 84 ; *Tittira Jātaka*, No. 541. See Majumdar, op. cit., p. 60, note. Some of the names are mentioned also in Ptolemy's *Geography*, e. g., Nos. 6 and 7 are Ptolemy's Besyngeitai and Berabai (see below). The Kālamukha, known from the epics, are located in the Arakan coast. Jānu-patha (No. 25) was a passage which one could cross by kneeling. The words prefixed to *patha* are here *verā* (meaning doubtful), *jānu* (knee), *aja* (goat), *meṇḍha* (ram), *śaṅku* (peg or javelin), *chatra* (umbrella), *vamśa* (bamboo), *śakuna* (bird or vulture), *mūṣika* (rat) and *darī* (cave). Yava is Java and Tamali is the same as Tāmraliṅga (Mā-damāliṅgam) mentioned in a Sanskrit inscription from Caiya in Malay (Majumdar, op. cit., p. 194).