Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature c7.s2.71

c7.s2.71

6. In connectiou with this list, it is interesting to note that a number of peoples and kingdoms of the present West Pakistan region are mentioned by Alexander's historians—1. The Aspasians (Aśvaka) living in the Alishang-Kunar-Bajaur valley; 2. The Gauraeans of the Gauri or Panjkora valley; 3. kingdom of Assakenos (Aśvaka) in Swat and Buner, i.e. Suvāstu or Uḍḍiyāna, with the capital at Massaga and a fortress at Aornos (modern Una between the Swat and Indus); 4. Nysa, a Greek settlement in the Kohimor valley in Swat; 5. Peukelaotis (Puṣkalāvati); 6. Taxila (Takṣaśilā); 7. kingdom of Arsakes (Urasā); 8. king Abisares (cf. Abhisāra, i.e. Punch and Naoshera); 9. kingdom of the Elder Poros (Paurava), i.e. Kekaya, between the Jhelam and Chenab; 10. the Glauganicians or Glaucians living near No. 9; 11. Gandaris (the eastern extremity of old Gandhāra) between the Chenab and Ravi, ruled by the Younger Poros; 12. the Adraistai dwelling on the eastern side of the Hydraotes (Ravi) with their capital at Pimprama; 13. the Cathaeans of the Gurdaspur-Amritsar region with their Capital at Sangala; 14. kingdom of Sophytes (Saubhūti), a nomarch or chief of an area near the Salt Range or between the Hydaspes and Acesines (Jhelam and Chenab); 15. kingdom of Phegelas or Phegeus between the Hydraotes and Hyphasis (Ravi and Beas); 16. the Siboi (Śibi) of the Shorkot region of the Jhang District below the junction of the Jhelam and Chenab; 17. the Agalassoi, neighbours of the Siboi; 18. the Oxydrakai (Kṣudraka) of the Montgomery region between the Hydraotes and Hyphasis; 19. the Malloi (Mālava) occupying the valley of the lower Hydraotes north of the confluence of the Hydraotes and Acesines; 20. the Abastanoi (or Sabastanoi, i.e. Ambaṣṭha) living on the lower Acesines; 21-22. Xathroi (Kṣatri) and Ossadioi (Vasāti) of the valley of the lower Acesines between the confluence of the Acesines with the III. Prācya—