A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India v3.c17.36

v3.c17.36

A third instance is a form of phrase in which the passive past participle is combined with this same auxiliary अस् to form a perfect definite, as आगतोऽस्मि “I have come,” or, as more faithfully represented by other European languages, “je suis venu,” and as we sometimes say ourselves, “I am come.” Here an analytical construction supplies the place of the perfect. Closely allied to this is the frequent habit in writers of the classical style of expressing the same tense by the neuter of the p.p.p. with the subject in the instrumental, as तेन गतं “by him gone,” *i.e.* “he went,” instead of जगाम.