A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India v3.c18.103

v3.c18.103

The future and imperative follow the same rule as the aorist. In the past participle of stems ending in â, य is inserted before the â of the termination, as आ “come,” p.p.p. आ-य-आ (आया), पा “find,” पाया, खा “eat,” खाया. But in the poets, especially in Tulsi Das, instead of व we find य commonly inserted. Thus, एहि बिधि राम सबहि समुझावा “In this way Ram explained to all” (Ay-k. 457). आवा “came,” बनावा “made,” पावा “found,” गावा “sang,” for आया, बनाया, पाया, गाया respectively. Kabir uses both forms indifferently. Thus in Ram. 48, i. पढ़ाया “caused to read,” पाया “found,” but in the next, Ram. 49, पावा and आवा. In the fem. sing., however, and in the pl. m. and f., the junction-letter व is not used, thus आई “she came,” बनाई “she made,” fem. sing., आये, पाये masc. pl. As all causals end in â, these forms are of frequent occurrence, and sometimes even an इ is inserted, as बनाइया. In the old ha future, the â of the stem and the initial i of the termination frequently coalesce into ऐ, as—