Wilson Philological Lectures on Sanskrit and the Derived Languages c6.26

c6.26

च्यवना कृतानि Rv. II. 12, 4, अश्विनो पुरुदंससा नरा Rv. I. 3, 2; and the instrumental singular of feminine nouns in ई is optionally formed by simply lengthening the vowel (Pāṇ. VII. 1, 39), as नविध्या मती Rv. I. 82, 2. The locative singular termination is often dropped, as in परमे व्योमन्; or its औ changed to आ, as in नाभा for नाभौ (Pāṇ. VII. 1, 39). The Parasmaipada first person plural termination of verbs is मसि (Pāṇ. VII. 1, 46), as नमो भरन्त एमसि Rv. I. 1, 7, and that of the third person plural is often रे or रते, as दुन्हे or दुन्हते. Other forms also admit of this र, as अदृश्रम्स्य. The त of the Ātmanepada terminations is often dropped (Pāṇ. VII. 1, 41), as वस्व ईशे Rv. I. 71, 9. There are eight different forms of mood called लेट् by Pāṇini, which has a conditional or subjunctive sense; सुपथा करत्। प्र ण आयूंषि तारिषत्, Rv. I. 25, 12, स देवानेह वक्षति Rv. I. 1, 2. This is lost in classical Sanskrit. The several conjugations or ways of forming the special tenses do exist, but the roots are not restricted to any particular way, being conjugated sometimes according to one mode and sometimes according to another; as श्रुधी हवम्. There are some instances in which some other than the special tenses also admit of the conjugational sign, as विश्रृण्विरे perfect. Sometimes guṇa is substituted before the त of the second person plural imperative, though it is a weak termination, as शृणोत.