Wilson Philological Lectures on Sanskrit and the Derived Languages c7.52

c7.52

Pronouns.—As pronominal terminations have been transferred to nouns, a few nominal ones have been extended to pronouns, thus carrying on the process of unification a step further. The plural of the nominative of feminine pronouns has a form ending in यो, and the singulars of the instrumental and genitive end in आय or या and that of the locative in यं, as in the case of the corresponding nouns; as तायो nominative plural, ताय or तस्सा, इमाय or इमस्सा, अमुया or अमुस्सा genitive singular, and तायं or तस्सं, इमायं or इमिसं, अमुयं or अमुस्सं locative singular, of तद्, इदम्, and अदम्. All pronouns of the third person, of whatever gender, form the genitive plural by adding सं from the Sanskrit साम, and also सान which is made up of सं the pronominal and न the nominal termination, so that the second form is the genitive of the first taken as a base, as तेसं or तेसानं, तासं or तासानं, &c. Similarly, the bases एती and इमी which are substituted for एता and इमा in the singulars of the genitive and locative, and ती which optionally replaces ता in these cases, have a genitive singular with a double termination; as तस्सा, तिस्सा or तिस्साय, एतिस्सा or एतिस्साय, इमिस्सा or इमिस्साय, where स्सा, Sanskrit स्या:, is the pronominal, and आय the nominal termination. The plurals of the nominative and accusative have the same form as ते, सब्बे, ता or तायो, &c., and the instrumental plural of the masculine has, like that of nouns, the termination एभि or एहि. The remaining terminations are the same as in Sanskrit. The correlative or remote demonstrative तद् has, besides the usual Sanskrit base, another न which has all the cases नं, नेन, &c., except the nominative singular. This base is generalized from the एनम्, एनेन &c. of the accusative, the singular of the instrumental, and the dual of the genitive and locative, which are used in making anvādes'a as it is called by Pāṇini, i. e. in referring to one who has already been spoken of. The near demonstrative इदम् has two bases, अ and इम. In Sanskrit this latter is used in the nominative dual and plural and the accusative. Here it is extended to all the cases except the nominative singular, and so we have इमे, इमिना, इमेहि, इमस्मा, इमस्स, इमंसं, इमस्मिं, and इमेसु; इमाय, इमिस्सा, &c. The first base is used, as in Sanskrit, in all cases except the plural of the nominative and accusative and the forms अयं, अनेन, एहि, अस्मा &c. The pronoun अदस् has the base असु for the nominative singular, and असु for all other cases which is lengthened in the plural; as असुना, अमूहि, अमुस्मा, अमुस्स, अमूसं; अमुया, अमुस्सा, &c. The nominative and accusative of the neuter is अदं.