Wilson Philological Lectures on Sanskrit and the Derived Languages c8.70

c8.70

Pronouns—The nom. pl. in ए is preserved, as in सव्ये, जे &c. The gen. pl. has णं for its termination formed by adding a light इ to the साम of Sanskrit, which according to the usual rules should be corrupted to सं, and is also formed upon the model of the corresponding nouns; as सव्वेसिं or सव्वाण-णं, जेसिं or जाण-णं, &c. The Pâli has सं, and its double gen. सानं is wanting. The loc. sing. has the termination स्मिं, a form not existing in the older dialect, in addition to the म्हि used for nouns, both of which are to be traced to the Skr. स्मिन्, as in सव्वास्मिं or सव्वास्मि, जस्मिं or जम्मि, &c. This स्मिं is further changed to हिं as in सव्वाहिं, जाहिं, &c., or better, this latter may be traced to the Pâli म्हि, Another loc. sing. term. is त्य which reperesents त्र, as सव्वत्य, जत्य &c. The abl. sing. स्मात् is optionally used after किम्, यद्, and तद् only, in the form of म्हा, as कस्म्हा, जम्हा, and तम्हा; in Pâli it is necessarily used after all pronouns. In other respects pronouns are declined like the corresponding nouns; as सव्वं, सव्वे acc., सव्वेण, सव्वेहिं instr., सव्वत्तो-दो-दु, सव्वाहिन्तो-सुन्तो abl. The instr. sing. is optionally formed like that of nouns in इ in the case of some; as इमिणा, जिणा &c. You will thus observe, that except in the nom. pl. there is no distinction between the two declensions; the peculiar pronominal forms I have mentioned being only optional. Of the fem. of तद्, यद्, and किम्, the gen. sing. is optionally तिस्सा or तीसे &c., where the base is ती &c. The other forms are like those of nouns in ई, as तीआ-ई-ए &c. This base is used throughout along with the other in आ. In Pâli it is used in the gen. and loc. sing. only along with the other, and the gen. forms are तिस्सा and तिस्साय, the latter of which is, as I have said, a double genitive. This the Prâkṛit has preserved in the form of तिसे, originally तिस्से, where the प् represents the य् of the older dialect, as it does in the feminine nouns. The other base of किम् and तद् has also its genitive singular in स्, as तास, formed by transferring the masc. termination; or it is to be traced to तस्सा. The genitive plural forms of the masc., such as तेसिं and ताण, are also sometimes used in a feminine sense. The loc. sing. of किम्, यद्, and तद् is optionally formed by extending the masc. termination हिं to the base in आ, as ताहिं &c. These peculiarities are only optional; so that the feminine pronouns are declined like nouns in आ or ई. Thus we have जा, जाओ-उ, जीओ-उ nom., जं, जाओ-उ, जीओ-उ acc., जिणा, जाहिं, जीहिं instr., जादो-दु, जीदो-दु, जाहिन्तो-सुन्तो, जीहिन्तो-सुन्तो &c. abl. जस्सा, जिस्सा, जीसे, जासं, जासिं, जेसिं, जाण, जीसिं, जीणं gen., जाहिं, जासु, जीसु loc. The optional instr., abl., gen., and loc. singulars are जाए-इ-अ and जीए-इ-अ.