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On the Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians, their Place in the Sanskrit and Subordinate Literatures c3: Transliteration

On the Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians, their Place in the Sanskrit and Subordinate Literatures c3

Language
English

Transliteration

c3.1

For Sanskrit, I have used the system that I have always followed, and which is very near that used for Pali by Fausböll. For Tamil, I have used the following: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, ĕ, e (long), ŏ, o (long), ai, au. k (γ), ṅ; š (j), ń; ṭ (ḍ), ṇ; t (ð), n; p (b), m; y, r, l, v, ḷ, ḻ, ṛ, ṉ.

c3.2

List of Aindra Treatises in the Sanskrit and derived Literatures. | Page --- | --- i. Sanskrit | 45 *a.* Ɑiṅas | " *b.* Prātiçākhyas | 48 *c.* Yāska's Nirukta | 50 *d.* 1. Kātantra, etc. | 51
2. Mugdhabodha, etc. | 53 *e.* Grammars of Foreign Languages drawn up on the (Sanskrit) Aindra System: | A. Tamil | 55 B. Canarese | 57 C. Tibetan | 58 ii. *a.* Pāli Grammars | 60 *b.* Grammars drawn up on the Pāli Model | A. Singhalese Grammar | 63 B. Burmese Grammar, etc. | "

c3.3

APPENDIX A.

c3.4

How far can the Grammatical Texts in Sanskrit be used for historical research? | 67

c3.5

APPENDIX B.

c3.6

The Systems of Sanskrit Grammarians in dealing with the fictitious words and terms of their art | 111

c3.7

MUCH attention has been paid to the Sanskrit Grammars of late years, as perhaps the most remarkable part of the Indian literature excluding the Vedas¹); but, as yet, little has been done to investigate the relations of the several acknowledged schools of grammarians, or to show their historical connexion.

c3.8

Eight different schools of Grammar are commonly mentioned in India²). Of these, Pāṇini's system has long superseded all others; Ṣākaṭāyana's and Jinendra's are still known by existing MSS.; Candra (-gomin)'s Grammar exists in a Tibetan version³), and four other schools (of Indra, Kāca-kṛitsna, Āpiçali and Amara) are known by name or by an occasional quotation. Students of Sanskrit literature must have long ago remarked that this enumeration is apparently defective, as there is a large amount of grammatical literature (e.g. the Prātiçākhyas), existing in that language which cannot apparently be brought under any one of these schools, and must, thus, have been led to question the value of Vopadeva's statement; but I hope to be able to show here that this is not to be done. Of all the eight

c3.9

1) Because (as far as we know) it is independent. *v.* Max Müller's "Ancient Sanskrit Literature" pp. 158, ffg. Aufrecht's "Uṇādi Sūtras" p. viii.

c3.10

2) By Vopadeva (13th century), "Dhātupāṭha" (Introd. çl. 2.) Indraç Candraḥ Kāçakṛitsn-'Āpiçali Çākaṭāyanaḥ | Pāṇiny-Amara-Jainendrā jayanty aṣṭā 'diçabdikāḥ || This was first noticed by Colebrooke ("Essays", orig. ed. ii., p. 39). Vopadeva's date (12th century) is well known. (Aufrecht, "Catalogus" p. 174 *b.* etc.) Westergaard ("Radices Linguæ Sanskritæ" p. v.) puts him a little earlier but in the same century. He is said to have lived at Devagiri in the Deccan. Durgācārya, in his commentary on Yāska (i., 20), says: "Vyākaraṇam aṣṭadhā". I am unable to fix his date, but his style is modern.

c3.11

3) To be found in the "Tandjur" (Bstan-hgyur); see Schiefner's article "Ueber die logischen und grammatischen Werke im Tandjur" (in "Bulletin de la classe des sciences historiques etca de l' Académie Impériale des sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg". iv. col. 294). No. 3604. "Candravyākaraṇasūtranāma. Lun-du ston-pa čandra-pa'i mdo śes-bya-va, in 6 capiteln." This was in sūtras as quotations by Kīrasvāmin and others show. It is said to approach Pāṇini's school. I should remark that the better known Grammar by Hemacandra (12th century) appears to be quoted occasionally as the Candra Grammar.

c3.12

schools of Grammar already mentioned, that of Indra is the one which apparently is most open to doubt; the older grammarians (I believe) never mention the Aindra Grammar, and hence, the frequent references to it in other works seem questionable. I shall here give reasons for believing that the Aindra was the oldest school of the Sanskrit Grammarians; that Aindra treatises were actually known to, and quoted by Pāṇini and others; and that Aindra treatises still exist in the Prātiçākhyas, Kātantra and similar works, though they have been partly recast and corrected.

c3.13

Firstly, I shall collect such references to the Aindra Grammar as I have been able to find, from the more recent up to the older Sanskrit literature, and in Chinese and Tibetan texts.

Cites (5)