Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c65: 45. Puñjarāja

Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c65

Language
English

Contents

45. Puñjarāja

v1.c65.1

a. *Dhvani-pradīpa* (Aufrecht i 273b). b. *Kāvyālaṃkāra-śiśu-prabodha* or *Śiśu-pra-bodhālaṃkāra*. (Aufrecht i 103a).

v1.c65.2

The author was the son of Jīvana and Makū, of the Śrīmāla family of Malabar (*mālabhāra*), and his genealogy is given thus: Sādhu-sadepāla→Kora (ā?)→Pāma (ā?)→Govā→Yāmpaca→Jīvana. Jīvana's brother Megha and himself were ministers of Khalaci Sāhi Gayāsa; and Jīvana had two sons Puñja and Muñja. Puñja became king, but abondoning his kingdom to his younger brother, devoted himself to study, and wrote some works². The colophon³ to Puñjarāja's *Sārsvata-ṭīkā* says *śrīmālakula-śrīmāla-bhāraśrī-puñjarāja* on which Bhandarkar remarks that Puñjarāja was the ornament of the Mālava circle¹. Aufrecht thinks that the patron of Puñja's father and uncle was Ghiyās Shāh Khaljī of Mālava (about 1475 A.D.) and that Puñjarāja must have lived at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century.

v1.c65.3

² Peterson v pp. xliii, 166-69.

v1.c65.4

³ Peterson v p. 169 ; *Afl* 181.

v1.c65.5

¹ *Rep.* 1882-83, p. 12; cf also the colophon to his *Śiśu-prabodha* quoted in *op. cit.* p. 199.

46. Puṇḍarīka

v1.c65.s1.1

Nāṭaka-lakṣaṇa (Autrecht i 284b; *SCB* 308).

47. Puṇḍarīka Rāmeśvara

v1.c65.s2.1

*Rasa-sindhu* (Aufrecht iii 106a).

48. Purusottama Sudhīndra

v1.c65.s3.1

*Kavitāvatāra* (Aufrecht i 87a).

v1.c65.s3.2

The work is dedicated to one Nāgabhūpāla. A Puruṣottama is cited by Viśvanātha in his *Sāhitya-darpaṇa*, see above p. 236, fn 4.

49. Prabhākara Bhaṭṭa

v1.c65.s4.1

a. *Rasa-pradīpa* (Aufrecht ii 115b, 220a. Weber 823; *SCC* vii 42, extract in both).

v1.c65.s4.2

b. *Alaṃkāra-rahasya*, cited in his *Rasa-pradīpa*.

v1.c65.s4.3

The author was the son of Mādhava Bhaṭṭa and grandson of Rāmeśvara Bhaṭṭa, and younger brother of Ragunātha and Viśvanātha, the last of whom he calls his ‘vidyā-guru’. The *Rasa-pradīpa* was composed in *saṃvat* 1640 = 1583 A.D. (Weber *loc. cit.*)².

v1.c65.s4.4

² The date given in *SCC* vii no. 42 is *saṃvat* 1170 = 1114 A.D.: but this must be a mistake.

v1.c65.s4.5

According to Hall (p. 181) Prabhākara was born in 1564 A.D. His *Laghu-sapta-śatikā-stotra*, an epitome of the *Devīmāhātmya* was written in 1629 A.D. He belongs therefore to the last quarter of the 16th and the first quarter of the 17th century. The *Rasa-pradīpa* consists of three *ālokas* dealing with (1) *kāvya-lakṣaṇa* (2) *rasa-viveka* (3) *vyañjanā-nirūpaṇa*. He cites Śrīharṣa Miśra, Miśra, Rucinātha, Dharmadatta, Locanakāra (Abhinavagupta), Pradīpakṛt, Sāhityadarpaṇa-kāra. The Dharmadatta may be the same as quoted by Viśvanātha in his *Sāhitya-darpaṇa*. Ananta in his commentary on *Āryāsaptaśati* quotes a Rucinātha Miśra as a writer on Poetics. For Prabhākara's other works, see Aufrecht i 353b.

v1.c65.s4.6

50. BALADEVA

v1.c65.s4.7

*Śṛṅgāra-hāra* (Kielhorn, *Rep.* 1880-81, p. 71).

v1.c65.s4.8

The author is described as son of Keśava. MS dated in *saṃvat* 1845.

v1.c65.s4.9

51. BALADEVA VIDYĀBHŪṢAṆA

v1.c65.s4.10

*Kāvya-kaustubha*

v1.c65.s4.11

(Aufrecht i 101a, ii 19b, 193b, iii 22b).

v1.c65.s4.12

This work, in 9 *prabhās*, having the same arrangement and subject-matter as in the *Kāvya-prakāśa*, is by Baladeva who was a commentator on Mammaṭa, (see above pp. 184-5).

v1.c65.s4.13

52. BĀLAKṚṢṆA (PĀYAGUṆḌA)

v1.c65.s4.14

*Alaṃkāra-sāra* (Aufrecht i 32b).

v1.c65.s4.15

A work of this name is cited by Jayaratha; also in Bühler's *Catalogue* 1871-73. Our author should be distinguished from the unknown writer of this work and is probably identical with Bālakṛṣṇa Pāyaguṇḍa (Balambhaṭṭa) who wrote a commentary on Appayya's *Citra-mīmāṃsā*. See above pp. 199,273. This Bālakṛṣṇa may also be the same as the teacher of Mahādeva (who wrote the drama *Adbhuta-darpaṇa*), and as such a contemporary of Nīlakaṇṭha whose known date is 1637 A.D.

53. Bhāskarācārya

v1.c65.s5.1

*Sāhitya-kallolinī* (*Madras Cat.* 12964, extract).

v1.c65.s5.2

The author is described as a descendant of Varadaguru of Śrīvatsa-gotra, and a resident of Bhūtapurī or Śrīperumbūdūr. The verses are taken copiously from several well-known rhetorical works, e.g. Mammaṭa, the *Bhāva-prakāśa* etc. The author states his indebtedness to the *Rasārṇava-sudhākara* of Siṅgabhūpāla; hence he should be placed later than the middle of the 14th century. The topics dealt with are *prabandha-bheda*, *nāṭya*, *nṛtya*, *vastu*, *sandhi*, *nāyaka-lakṣaṇa*, *rūpaka* and *kāvya-lakṣaṇa*.

54. Bhāva Miśra Or Miśra Bhāva

v1.c65.s6.1

*Śṛṅgāra-sarasī*

v1.c65.s6.2

(Aufrecht i 661a, ii 158a, 230b ; *SCC* vii 43, extract).

v1.c65.s6.3

The author of this treatise on amorous sentiments is described as the son of Miśra Bhaṭaka.

v1.c65.s6.4

55. BHĪMASENA DĪKSITA a. *Alamkāra-sāródhāra* b. *Alamkāra-sāra-sthiti* or *Kuvalayánanda-khandana*.

v1.c65.s6.5

He refers to both these works in his *Sudhā-sāgara* commentary oy Mammaṭa (see p. 183-4). For the latter work see Aufrecht ii 23a.

v1.c65.s6.6

56. BHĪMEŚVARA BHAṬṬA, son of Raṅgabhaṭṭa *Rasa-sarvasva* (Burnell 57a).

v1.c65.s6.7

57. BHŪDEVA ŚUKLA *Rasa-vilāsa* (Aufrecht i 496b, ii 116b, iii 106a).

v1.c65.s6.8

The author, son of Śukhadeva, belongs to the 16th century. For his other works, see Aufrecht i 414b. The India Office MS of the present work contains only 3 *stavakas* and the beginning of a 4th. Our author is the same as Bhūdeva Śukla who wrote the drama *Dharma-vijaya*, see Mitra i p. 37; Weber 1561: *IOC* vii p. 1596 (ed. Granthamālā iii 1889).

v1.c65.s6.9

58. MĀNASIMHA *Sāhitya-sāra* (Aufrecht i 716a).

v1.c65.s6.10

59. MOHANADĀSA *Rasódadhi*

v1.c65.s6.11

The work is cited by himself in his commentary on the *Mahānāṭaka* (*ABod* 143a). The author was the son of Kamalāpati.

v1.c65.s6.12

60. YAJÑEŚVARA DĪKṢITA

v1.c65.s6.13

a. *Alaṃkāra-rāghava* (Aufrecht i 32a) b. *Alaṃkāra-sūryódaya* (Aufrecht i 32b) c. *Sāhitya-ratnākara* (Aufrecht ii 171a).

v1.c65.s6.14

The author was the son of Carakāri (Cerukūri) Koṇḍu Bhaṭṭa, and probably a nephew of Lakṣmīdhara (q. v.)¹. He may be identical with Yajñeśvara already mentioned as a commentator on Mammaṭa (see p. 188) The first-named work is so called from the circumstance that the examples all refer to Rāma.

v1.c65.s6.15

¹ See *ŚgŚ* ii p. 65.

v1.c65.s6.16

61. YAŚASVIN KAVI

v1.c65.s6.17

*Sāhitya-kautūhala* and its commentary *Ujjvala-padā* (Aufrecht i 715b, ii 171a).

v1.c65.s6.18

The author is described as the son of Gopāla and Kāśī. The India Office MS (*Cat.* iii p. 337) was copied in 1730 A.D., and contains only the first chapter which deals with enigmatology and *citra-kāvya*.

v1.c65.s6.19

62. RATNABHŪSAṆA

v1.c65.s6.20

*Kāvya-kaumudī* (*HPS* ii no. 35, extract).

v1.c65.s6.21

This work in 10 *paricchedas* is apparently a very modern composition by a Vaidya Pandit of East Bengal. It deals with (1) nāma (2) liṅgādi (3) dhātu-pratyaya (4) kāvya-lakṣaṇa (5) dhvani (6) guṇībhūta-vyaṅgya (7) guṇa (8) and (9) alaṃkāra (10) doṣa, the first three chapters being devoted to grammar. The date *śaka* 1781 (= 1859 A.D.) may be the date of its composition (*HPS ibid* preface p. viii).

v1.c65.s6.22

63. RAVIGUPTA ĀCĀRYA

v1.c65.s6.23

*Loka-saṃvyavahāra* (Aufrecht i 546a).

v1.c65.s6.24

A poet of this name, with the title *bhadanta*, wrote a *Candraprabhā-vijaya*¹. He is cited in the *Paddhati* of Śārṅgadhara (237, 351, 384) and the *Subhāṣitāvali* of Vallabha², as well as by Yaśodhara on Vātsyāyana (I. 3. 16).

v1.c65.s6.25

¹ See Peterson i App. p. 68; iv p. civ.

v1.c65.s6.26

² See introd. pp. 99-100.

v1.c65.s6.27

64. RĀGHAVA CAITANYA

v1.c65.s6.28

*Kavi-kalpalatā* (Aufrecht i 87a).

v1.c65.s6.29

Possibly the poet of the same name cited in the *Paddhati* as Rāghavacaitanya Śrīcaraṇa (71, 168, 877, 1557-8), which title apparently indicates that he was a well-known Vaiṣṇava. Is this the Kavikalpalatā-kāra quoted by Keśava Miśra (see above p. 262f)? In the colophon to the codex containing Deveśvara's *Kavi-kalpalatā* in *SCC* vii no. 7 (cf. *ABod* 211b), the reading is *māgha-caitanya-viracita-kavi-kalpalatāyāḥ* etc. This may be a corruption of or mistake for the name Rāghavacaitanya, whose work may have got mixed up with that of Deveśvara himself.

v1.c65.s6.30

65. RĀJACŪḌĀMAṆI DĪKṢITA

v1.c65.s6.31

a. *Kāvya-darpaṇa* (Aufrecht i 101a, ii 19b, 193b, iii 22b; *Madras Trm A* 191; *Madras Cat.* 12809-814, with the commentary of Ravi-paṇḍita).

v1.c65.s6.32

b. *Alaṃkāra-cūḍāmaṇi* cited in his *Kāvya-darpaṇa* (*Madras Cat.* 12809), or *Alaṃ-* kāra-śiromaṇi (Hultzsch i extract p. 86). MS in Rice 280 (anonymous).

v1.c65.s6.33

The author, who is a well-known South Indian poet, was the son of Satyamangala Ratnakheṭa Śrīnivāsa Dīkṣita and Kāmākṣī, and step-brother of Keśava Dīkṣita and Śeṣādriśekhara Dīkṣita. He was the grandson of Bhāvasvāmin and Lakṣmī, and great-grandson of Kṛṣṇabhaṭṭa Dīkṣita, and pupil of Ardhanārīśvara Dīkṣita who was his brother (Hultzsch ii p. x). His genealogy and a long list of his other works are given in the concluding verses of his *Kāvya-darpaṇa*¹ and in his *Ānanda-rāghava*². The *Kāvya-darpaṇa* in ten *ullāsas*, as well as his other work on Poetics, deals with the poetic figures. The family to which he belonged was known as *atirātra yājin*. Śrīnivāsa Atirātrayājin in Aufrecht i 672a is identical with Rājacūḍāmaṇi’s father. He lived in Sūrasamudra in Toṇḍira (between Tanjore and Madura). Cf Sten Konow, *Ind. Drama* p. 94. For his other works see Aufrecht ii 117b, Hultzsch i pp. ix-x. His *Kamalinī-kalahaṃsa* and *Śaṅkarābhyudaya* have been published by Śrīvāṇivilāsa Press.

v1.c65.s6.34

¹ extract in *Madras Cat.* 12809 and Hultzsch i pp. 85-6.

v1.c65.s6.35

² *Madras Cat.* no. 12495.

v1.c65.s6.36

66. RĀMA ŚARMAN or RĀMA KAVI *Nāyikā-varṇana* in 49 stanzas (*Madras Cat.* 12901).

v1.c65.s6.37

67. RĀMACANDRA *Nāṭaka-dārpaṇa* (Peterson v p. 188). This work is apparently cited by Ranganātha on *Vikramōrvaśī* and Bharatamallika on Bhaṭṭi. It is in four *vivekas*, dealing with Dramaturgy. The author is conjectured to be the one-eyed pupil of Jaina Hemacandra¹. He also wrote a drama called *Raghu-vilāsa*² or *Raghu-vilāpa*³ where he mentions four other works by himself.

v1.c65.s6.38

¹ Peterson iv pp. 16-7, Bühler's *Hemacandra* p. 44.

v1.c65.s6.39

² Peterson v 145.

v1.c65.s6.40

³ Bühler *Kashmir Rep.* p. xlix.

v1.c65.s6.41

68. RĀMACANDRA NYĀYAVĀGĪŚA

v1.c65.s6.42

*Kāvya-candrikā* (Aufrecht i 101a, 778b), with commentary called *Alaṃkāra-mañjūṣā* (ed. Comilla 1885; Dacca 1886 with commentary of Jagabandhu Tarkavāgīśa; Bombay 1912, with commentary *Alaṃkāra-mañjūṣā*).

v1.c65.s6.43

A Bengal writer described as the son of Vidyānidhi (?). Is he identical with Nyāyavāgīśa Bhaṭṭācārya, author of the *Kāvya-mañjarī* commentary on the *Kuvalayānanda* (see p. 273)?

v1.c65.s6.44

69. RĀMA SUBRAHMAṆYA

v1.c65.s6.45

*Alaṃkāra-śāstra-saṃgraha* (Hultzsch 1562).

v1.c65.s6.46

70. LAKSMĪDHARA DĪKSITA

v1.c65.s6.47

a. *Alaṃkāra-muktāvalī* (Aufrecht i 32a) b. *Rasa-mañjarī*, cited by himself in his commentary on the *Gīta-govinda*.

v1.c65.s6.48

The author was the son of Yajñeśvara and Sarvāmbikā (or Ambikāmbā), grandson of Timmaya Somayājin, and brother and pupil of Koṇḍubhaṭṭa. He bore the surname of Dakṣiṇāmūrti-kiṅkara. His family came from Cerukūru on the Kṛṣṇā river, which Hultzsch thinks to be identical with modern Peddacerukūru near Bāpaṭla. He is identical with Lakṣmīdhara, author of the Prakrit grammar Ṣaḍbhāṣācandrikā, and also wrote commentaries on the Anargharāghava, Prasanna-rāghava and Gīta-govinda. In the first of these commentaries it is said that after having led the life of a householder for a long time, he travelled to different countries and conquered all literary opponents, and then having renounced the cares of the world he became a sannyāsin or yati with the name Rāmānanda or Rāmānandāśrama, under a guru called Kṛṣṇāśrama. Lakṣmīdhara (who is also sometimes called Lakṣmaṇabhaṭṭa or Lakṣmaṇa Sūri) was patronised by Tirumalarāja, probably Tirumala I of the Vijayanagar dynasty¹, to whom his Śruti-rañjanī commentary on Jayadeva's Gīta-govinda is sometimes attributed².

v1.c65.s6.49

¹ *EI* iii p. 238 Table.

v1.c65.s6.50

² See Hultzsch 2112, *SgS* ii pp. 203-5. See also *SgŚ* ii pp. 63-5, 67; Hultzsch iii pp. viii-ix.

71. Vallabha Bhaṭṭa

v1.c65.s7.1

*Alaṃkāra-kaumudī* (ed. Granthamālā ii, 1889).

v1.c65.s7.2

A short treatise of very recent times, dealing with poetic figures, the illustrations being in praise of Rāma.

72. Vasantarāja

v1.c65.s8.1

*Nāṭya-śāstra*

v1.c65.s8.2

The author is known as the king of Kumāragiri and quoted by Kāṭayavema as his patron¹. The work is cited by Kumārasvāmin as *vasanta-rājīya* p. 178, by Mallinātha on *Śiśu* ii 8 and by Sarvānanda on *Amarakoṣa*². These citations make it clear that this metrical work on dramaturgy can not be later than the 14th century. This *Nāṭya-śāstra* is also mentioned in a commentary on the Southern recension of the *Śakuntalā* by Kāṭayavema who is described as a minister of king Vasantarāja of Kumāragiri. This commentary proposes to follow the exposition of Vasantarāja’s *Nāṭya-śāstra* (IOC vii p. 1575-76).

v1.c65.s8.3

¹ Burnell 173a.

v1.c65.s8.4

² ŚgS ii p. 30.

v1.c65.s8.5

73. VIṬṬHALEŚVARA or VIṬṬHALA DĪKSITA a. *Riti-vṛtti-lakṣaṇa* (Kielhorn, Central Prov. Cat. p. 104) b. *Śṛṅgāra-rasa-maṇḍana* (Aufrecht i 661a, ii 158a, 230b, iii 137b).

v1.c65.s8.6

The author, also called Agnikumāra, was the son of Vallabhācārya the famous religious reformer, and brother of Gopīnātha, and father of seven sons, Giridhara, Raghunātha and others. He was born in 1515 A.D. For his other works, see Aufrecht i 572a, and b, 135a, 225a, iii 121a.

v1.c65.s8.7

74. VIDYĀRĀMA *Rasa-dirghikā* (Peterson iii no. 336).

v1.c65.s8.8

75. VIŚVANĀTHA *Sāhitya-sudhā-sindhu* (Aufrecht ii 171a, 234a). This South Indian author, who wrote in Benares, was the son of Trimala or Trimalla Deva and grandson of Ananta of Dhārāsura city on the Godāvarī. Stein’s Kashmiriān MS¹ is dated in 1602 A.D.² He quotes at the beginning of his work from Mammaṭa and Bhoja, and elsewhere cites Caṇḍīdāsa (probably the same as the commentator on Mammaṭa) and Mahimabhaṭṭa. The work is in eight taraṅgas. Viśvanātha also wrote a drama called *Mrgāṅkalekhā*.

v1.c65.s8.9

¹ Jammu Cat. p. xxix.

v1.c65.s8.10

² Stein speaks of a MS “transcribed from an autograph copy of the author. In the colophon referring to this original copy, which is added by another hand at the end of the Jammu MS, the date saṃvat 1659 (= A.D. 1602) can be made out with difficulty.”

76. Viśveśvara Bhaṭṭa

v1.c65.s9.1

a. *Alaṃkāra-kaustubha* (ed. Kāvyamālā 66, 1898; Aufrecht i 31b, 772b, ii 6a, 188a; *Madras Cat.* 12792-93)

v1.c65.s9.2

b. *Alaṃkāra-muktāvalī* (Aufrecht i 32a, ii 6b, 188a iii 7b; *Madras Cat.* 12792-3, extract)

v1.c65.s9.3

c. *Alaṃkāra-kula-pradīpa* (Aufrecht i 31b, ii 187b)

v1.c65.s9.4

d. *Kavīndra-karṇābharaṇa* (ed. Kāvyamālā pt. 8, 1891)

v1.c65.s9.5

e. *Rasa-candrikā* (*Madras Cat.* 12927; Stein 63).

v1.c65.s9.6

The author was the son of Lakṣmīdhara and was born in Ālmoḍa, where his descendants still live. He flourished in the beginning of the 18th century and died about its middle at the age of 34¹. In the first work, the author refers to two dramas called *Śṛṅgāra-mañjarī* (saṭṭaka) and *Rukmiṇī-pariṇaya* by himself; and the latest writers that he quotes appears to be Appayya Dīkṣita and Jagannātha. He cites also Mallinātha (p. 69) as a commentator on Daṇḍin (see above p. 73), Caṇḍidāsa (pp. 125, 166), Maheśvara (p. 49, 111) who is probably the commentator on Mammaṭa, cited as Nyāyālaṃkāra (p. 82), as well as a work called *Kāvya-ḍākinī*. The Nyāyapañcānana, so extensively quoted, is probably Jayarāma Nyāyapañcānana, another commentator on Mammaṭa. He gives the name of his elder brother as Umāpati (p. 387). The second work of our author, as he himself says, was written as an easier and briefer manual for beginners, after his first more extensive work. The fourth work deals in four chapters with enigmatology and *citrakāvya* (58 varieties). The fifth work deals with the different classes of heroes and heroines, and their characteristics. Viśveśvara was a scholiast of considerable activity and also wrote a commentary, called *Vyaṅgyārtha-kaumudī* or *Samañjasārtha* on Bhānudatta’s *Rasa-mañjarī* (see above p. 252). For his other works, see Aufrecht ii 139b. The *Kāvyamālā* editors (viii 52) mention two other works *Kāvya-tilaka* and *Kāvya-ratna* by Viśveśvara.

v1.c65.s9.7

¹ See Kāvyamālā pt. viii pp. 51-52 fn.

Linked texts (46)