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Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c66: 77. Viśveśvara Kavicandra

Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c66

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77. Viśveśvara Kavicandra

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This author and his work are mentioned above p. 243 fn.

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78. VIṢNUDĀSA a. *Śiśu-prabodha Alaṃkāra* (AFl 469) b. *Kavi-kautuka* cited by himself in chapter vii of the above work.

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The author was the son of Mādhava. The Florentine MS, referred to above, contains only chapters 6 and 7, which deal with *artha-guṇa* and *śabdālaṃkāra* respectively.

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79. VĪRA NĀRĀYAṆA *Sāhitya-cintāmaṇi* with a commentary (Aufrecht i 715b, also called *°cūḍāmaṇi*, Madras Cat. 12965-68, extract).

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According to the colophon, Vīra Nārāyaṇa is the author; but in the work itself he is in the vocative case and praised, as in the *Pratāpa-rudra*. The alleged author seems to be the same as the Reḍḍi-prince Vema of Koṇḍavīḍu (end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century), the hero of the *Vemabhūpāla-carita* or *Vīranārāyaṇa-carita*¹ of Abhinava Bhaṭṭa Bāṇa (ed. Śrīvaṇī-vilāsa Press). There is also a reference to Pedakomaṭi Vemabhūpāla who is the same person. A commentary called *Śṛṅgāra-dīpikā* on the *Amaru-śataka* is attributed to Vīranārāyaṇa (Aufrecht ii 141b) or Vemabhūpāla (ibid i 609b). The *Sāhitya-cintāmaṇi* consists of seven chapters which deal with (1) *dhvani* (2) *śabdārtha* (3) *dhvani-bheda* (4) *guṇībhūta-vyaṅgya* (5) *doṣa* (6) *guṇa* (7) *alaṃkāra*. Possibly this is the work cited under the name *Sāhitya-cintāmaṇi* by Kumārasvāmin (p. 97) and in the *Vṛtti-vārttika* (p. 4).

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¹ Burnell 162a; also see 58a.

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80. VĪREŚVARA PAṆḌITA (BHAṬṬĀCĀRYA), surnamed Śrīvara *Rasa-ratnāvalī* (IOC 1257).

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This Vīreśvara is the son of Lakṣmaṇa and father of Veṇidatta, the last of whom, besides being the author of the *Alaṃkāra-candródaya*, wrote a commentary on Bhānu's *Rasa-taraṅgiṇī* (see above p. 253). The present work quotes Rudrabhaṭṭa's *Śṛṅgāra-tilaka*, and is limited chiefly to *śṛṅgāra-rasa* and treatment of the *nāyikās*.

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81. VECĀRĀMA NYĀYĀLAṄKĀRĀ *Kāvya-ratnākara*

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The author was a Bengal writer, son of Rājārāma. He mentions this work in his *Ānanda-taraṅgiṇī*, which is an itinerary from Candannagar to Benares (Mitra 305). He also wrote a work on *jyotiṣa*, and is probably identical with Vecārāma, who wrote a commentary on Deveśvara's *Kavi-kalpalatā* (see above p. 214).

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82. VEṄKAṬA NĀRĀYAṆA DĪKSITA *Śṛṅgāra-sāra* (Madras Cat. 12958-9, extract).

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The author, son of Kāmeśvara Vaidika of the Goḍavarti family and Lakṣmī, refers in this work to his larger *Śṛṅgāra-sārāvalī* for fuller treatment. The present work consists of six *ullāsas* dealing with (1) *kāvya-svarūpa* (2) *nāyaka-nāyikā-lakṣaṇa-vibhāga* (3) *nāyakādi-sahāya-nirūpaṇa* (4) *rasa-bhāva-svarūpa* (5) *caturvidha-śṛṅgāra* (6) *daśarūpaka-svarūpa*. The author is said to have composed works in eight languages.

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83. VEṄKAṬĀCĀRYA, surnamed Tarkālaṃkāra Vāgīśvara

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*Alaṃkāra-kaustubha* (Aufrecht i 31b, iii 7b; Madras *Trm* B 319a; Madras *Cat*. 12785-89). This writer, son of Aṇṇayācārya Dīkṣita of Tirumala Bukkapataṇam, should be distinguished from the poet Veṅkaṭācārya (author of the *Viśvaguṇādarśa*) who was the son of Raghunātha and grandson of Appayya. For his other works, see Aufrecht i 600a.

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84. VEṄKAPAYYA PRADHĀNA

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*Alaṃkāra-maṇi-darpaṇa* (Rice 280).

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86. VEṆIDATTA ŚARMAN, TARKAVĀGĪŚA BHAṬṬĀCĀRYA, surnamed Śrīvara

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*Alaṃkāra-candródaya* (IOC 235). This author, son of Vīreśvara (q.v.) also wrote a commentary on Bhānudatta's *Rasa-taraṅgiṇī* (q.v.). His genealogy is given thus: Mahīdhara (a mantrika of Kāśīpati)→Kalyāṇa→Lakṣmaṇa→Vīreśvara. He had the surname Śrīvara and belonged to *nāgacchatra-dhara-dvijóttama-kula*. The *Alaṃkāra-candródaya* is in 6 *ullāsas* dealing with (1) kāvya-svarūpa (2) kāvya-vibhāga (3) doṣa (4) guṇa (5) alaṃkāra and (6) upamā.

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86. ŚAṄKHA, ŚAṄKHADHARA or ŚAṄKHACŪḌA (sometimes called ŚAṄKARA

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*Kavi-karpaṭi*

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(Aufrecht i 86b, 777b, ii 6b, iii 18b. Ed. Durbhanga 1892)

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The word *kavi-karpaṭī* means "the ragged cloth of a poet," and the work is a strange effort at supplying a profuse stock of expressions which may be of use in poetic compositions for ideas of frequent occurrence. Various ways of expressing one and the same thought are indicated to suit various metres. The author, who also wrote the *Laṭakamelaka-prahasana* (ed. Kāvyamālā 20, 1889), was the court-poet of *mahāmāṇḍalikādhirāja* Govinda-nṛpati, king of Kānyakubja, and wrote in the first half of the 12th century (about 1113-1143 A.D.). His verses are quoted in the anthologies of Śārṅgadhara (nos. 155, 3632) and Jalhaṇa, and in the *Sāhitya-darpaṇa* (ad iii 219 p. 176, *guror giraḥ pañca*, anonymously). The verse cited under Kārpaṭika in Kṣemendra's *Aucitya-vicāra* (under *śl* 15) is attributed to Mātṛgupta by Kalhaṇa (iii 181) and in the *Subhāṣitāvali*¹ (3181).

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¹ See Peterson's paper on *Aucitya-vicāra*, 1885, p. 21.

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87. ŚĀTAKARṆI cited as a writer on Dramaturgy (on sūtradhāra) by Śaṅkara in his commentary on *Śakuntalā*².

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² ABod 135a. Mention is also made of an anonymous work *Kavi-kaṇṭha-hāra*.

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88. ŚAMBHUNĀTHA *Alaṃkāra-lakṣaṇa* (Aufrecht iii 7b).

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89. ŚĀNTARĀJA *Alaṃkāra-cintāmaṇi* (Madras Trm *A* 1). The author, who probably belonged to the 18th century, was the son of Padmapaṇḍita.

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90. ŚIVARĀMA TRIPĀṬHIN a. *Rasa-ratna-hāra* and its commentary *Lakṣmī-vihāra* (ed. Kāvyamālā pt. 6, 1890 pp. 118-140; Aufrecht i 496, ii 116a and b, iii 106a) b. *Alaṃkāra-samuḍgaka*, cited at the end of his *Rāvaṇapuravadha*, where he gives a list of his own 34 works.

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For the author, son of Kṛṣṇarāma and grandson of Trilokacandra, and brother of Govindarāma, Mukundarāma and Keśavarāma, see *JAOS* xxiv. 57-63. He appears to be a comparatively recent writer, quoting *Paribhāṣendu-śekhara*, which alone will suffice to place him in the beginning of the 18th century. He is identical with the commentator on the *Vāsavadattā* (see ed. Bibl. Ind.); for in this commentary he refers to his *Rasa-ratna-hāra* pp. 4, 9, 193, 206, 207. This work, in 100 stanzas, deals with the characteristics of *rasa* and *nāyaka-nāyikā*, and quotes extensively Bhānudatta and *Daśarūpaka*. For his other works, see Aufrecht i 652b, ii 155b; also Stein *Jammu Cat.* p. 292. He also appears to have written a commentary (*Viṣama-padī*) on Mammaṭa (see Kielhorn, *Central Prov. Cat.* p. 104) and a work on metrics called *Kāvya-lakṣmī-prakāśa*.

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91. ŚOBHĀKARAMITRA *Alaṃkāra-ratnākara* (Bühler *Kasmir Rep.* App. p. cxxviii: Peterson i p. 12, extract 77-81)

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The author was the son of Trayīśvaramitra. The poet Yaśaskara of Kashmir extracted the *sūtras* from this work and wrote his *Devi-stotra* for the purpose of illustrating them. These *sūtras* will be found given in Peterson, *loc. cit.* See above p. 279. Aufrecht i 32a, ii 6b. The date of Śobhākara is not known, but from the definitions of *alaṃkāras* given, he appears to be a comparatively recent writer, considerably later than Ruyyaka. But as he is quoted by Jagannātha (p. 202 = *sūtra* 11) and presumably by Appayya, he is earlier than the end of the 16th century.

92. Śrīkaṇtha

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*Rasa-kaumudī* (Aufrecht i 494a; the MS was copied in *saṃvat* 1652)

93. Śrīkara Miśra

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*Alaṃkāra-tilaka* (Aufrecht i 32a).

94. Śrīnivāsa Dīksita

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a. *Alaṃkāra-kaustubha* (Aufrecht i 31b) b. *Kāvya-darpaṇa* (Rice 282) c. *Kāvya-sāra-saṃgraha* (Aufrecht i 102b; SCC vii 19) d. *Sāhitya-sūkṣma-saraṇi* (Rice 244).

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This author may be identical with Ratnakheṭa Śrīnivāsa, father of Rājacūḍāmaṇi Dīkṣita (q.v.). If this were so, then the *Kāvya-darpaṇa* above is the work of his son bearing the same title (see above p. 321), mistakenly entered here in most catalogues. He is cited by Veṅkaṭācārya (q.v.). As the first verse of the third work shows, it is in three parts (1) kāvya-lakṣaṇa-saṃgraha (2) varṇa-saṃgraha and (2) subhāṣita-saṃgraha. It quotes the *Kāvya-prakāśa*.

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95. SĀMARĀJA DĪKSITA

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*Śṛṅgārāmṛta-laharī*

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(ed. Kāvyamālā pt. 14; Aufrecht i 661b, ii 158a, 230b, iii 137b; *Madras Cat.* 12961).

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The author, also called Śyāmarāja, was the son of Narahari Bindupurandara, and wrote also *Tripura-sundarī-mānasa-pūjana-stotra* (ed. Kāvyamālā pt. 9) and other poems. He lived in Mathurā, where his descendants still flourish, at the latter part of the 17th century. His son Kāmarāja, whose *Śṛṅgāra-kalikā-kāvya* is published in Kāvyamālā pt. 14, was also a poet; while his grandson Vrajarāja and his great-grandson Jīvarāja wrote commentaries on the *Rasa-mañjarī* and *Rasa-taraṅgiṇī* of Bhānudatta respectively (q.v.). The present work deals with rasa, especially śṛṅgāra, after Bhānudatta. Our author wrote his drama *Śrīdāma carita* in 1681 A.D. for the Bundela-prince Ānandarāya. Kāmarāja also appears to have written a *Kāvyéndu-prakāśa*, which is apparently the same work as entered anonymously in Bhandarkar, *Rep.* 1887-91, no. 601.

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96. SUKHADEVA MIŚRA

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*Śṛṅgāra-latā* (Aufrecht i 661a).

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A bhāṣā-work, called *Rasārṇava*, by Sukhadeva is mentioned in Peterson iv no. 770 (App. p. 29).

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97. SUKHALĀLA

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*Alaṃkāra-mañjarī* (Afl 213).

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The author, pupil of Gaṅgeśa Miśra and his son Hariprasāda (q.v.), professes to follow the *kārikās* of Jayadeva. Aufrecht thinks he must have flourished about 1740 A.D. The work begins with *upamā* and takes up *rūpaka*, *pariṇāma*, *smṛtimān*, *bhrāntimān*, *sandeha*, *utprekṣā*, where the MS breaks off. A *kāvya* called *Śṛṅgāra-mālā*, composed in 1745, by Sukhalāla, son of Bāburāya Miśra, is entered in Stein 75.

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98. SUDHĀKARA PUṆḌARĪKA YĀJIN

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*Śṛṅgāra-sāródadhi* (Aufrecht iii 137b).

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99. SUDHĪNDRA YOGIN

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*Alaṃkāra-nikaṣa* (Madras Cat. 12676, extract).

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It is a short work on *arthālaṃkāra*. The colophon gives the author's name as above; but in the work it is said that the author, following the views of ancient and modern authorities on the subject, deals with and illustrates the *arthālaṃkāras* by means of examples eulogising the virtues of Sudhīndra Yogin who is made out to be a follower of the Mādhava sect. He is probably the same as Sudhīndra Yati, pupil of Vijayendra Yati, who wrote the *Mādhu-dhārā* commentary on Trimalla Bhaṭṭa's (q.v.) *Alaṃkāra-mañjarī* (Burnell 57a). The *Alaṃkāra-nikaṣa* by Sudhendra in Oppert 4797 is probably this work. A drama called *Subhadrā-pariṇaya* is attributed to Sudhindra Yati in *Madras Cat.* xxi no. 12729 and a drama called *Subhadrā-dhanañjaya* to Vijayendra Yati in *ibid* no. 12728.

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100. SUNDARA MIŚRA

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*Nāṭya-pradīpa* (Aufrecht i 284b, 791a).

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The work is dated in 1613 A.D. It cited by Rāghavabhaṭṭa on *Śakuntalā* (ed. N. S. P. 1886, p. 6). This work repeats *verbatim* a large portion of the *Daśarūpaka* (see pref. to Hall's ed.). In the work itself the *Sāhitya-darpaṇa* is referred to. The author is probably the same as Sundara Miśra who wrote the *Abhirāma-maṇi-nāṭaka* in 7 acts in 1599 A. D. (*Bod* 137b- 138a; Kielhorn *Central Prov.* p. 68 : Wilson ii p. 395).

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101. SOMANĀRYA

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*Nāṭya-cūḍāmaṇi* (*Madras Cat.* 12998, with Telegu commentary).

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This is a work on mimic, dancing and music. The author is described as one famous for *aṣṭāvadhāna* (attention to eight things at a time).

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102. HARIDĀSA

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*Prastāva-ratnākara* (Weber 827 ; Aufrecht i 360a, ii 212a iii 77a).

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The author was the son of Puruṣottama of the Karaṇa family, and the work is a metrical compilation dealing with *kūṭa*, *samasyā* and enigmatic composition in general, as well as miscellaneous subjects including *nīti*, *jyotiṣa* etc. It was compiled in 1557 A.D

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103. HARIPRASĀDA

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a. *Kāvyārtha-gumpha* (Aufrecht ii 20b) b. *Kāvyāloka* (Aufrecht i 103a, extract in Peterson iii p. 356-7).

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The second work in seven *prakāśas* is dated in *samvat* 1734 = 1728 A.D. A MS of the first work bears the date 1775 which is possibly the date also of its composition. He is also the author of a work on *ācāra* (*māsādi-nirūpaṇa*), see Peterson iv p. cxxxvii. One *Kāvyāloka* is cited by Appayya in his *Citra-mīmāṃsā*; but this must have been an earlier work. The *Kāvyāloka* cited by Kumārasvāmin p. 73 refers the *Dhvanyāloka* (p. 221), and is not, as supposed by Haricānd Śāstrī (p. 27, no. 234) a reference to the present work. The author was the son of Māthura Miśra Gaṅgeśa.

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104. HARIHARA

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a. *Śṛṅgāra-bheda-pradīpa* (Burnell 59a) b. *Bindvalaṃkāra*, cited in the *Ekāvalī* p. 242.

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One Harihara is referred to in the *Ekāvalī* p. 19 as having received amazing wealth from king Arjuna, who is suppesed by Bhandarkar and Trivedi (see above p. 227) to be identical with Arjunavarman of Mālava, whose earliest and latest known dates are 1211 and 1216 A.D. If this Harihara be our author, then his date will be the first quarter of the 13th century.

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105. HALADHARA RATHA

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*Kāvya-tattva-vicāra* (H. P. Śāstrī's Report, 1895-1900, p. 16).

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