Pali Literature and Language c7.s1.t13.25

c7.s1.t13.25

§ 53. Regressive assimilation takes place 1. in the combination of mutes with nasal: ubbigga ‘anxious’ Jā. I. 486¹⁰, JāCo. III. 197¹⁴= udvigna; soppa (§ 25.2) = svapna; abhimathati ‘rubs, grinds’ Dh. 161, S. I. 127¹⁴ = abhimathnāti; chaddan ‘veil, cover’ in vivattacchadda (of a Buddha) D. I. 89⁹, JāCo. I. 56¹⁴ = chadman. On the other hand jñ becomes ññ¹ through progressive assimilation: paññā, paññāṇa ‘knowledge’ Sn. 1136, Dh. I. 124⁴ = prajñā, prajñāna; raññā, rañño Instr. and Gen. Sg. of rājan = rājñā, rājñas. In initial position jñ becomes ñ: ñatti ‘request’ Vin. I. 56¹⁴ etc. = jñapti. For āṇā ‘order’ see § 63.2. The assimilation observed in the form rummavati = rukmavati² quoted by E. Kuhn, Beitr. p. 46 from Vuttod. would also be progressive.—2. In the combination of mutes with liquids: takka ‘whey’ JāCo. II. 363¹⁰ = takra; udda ‘otter’ Vin. I. 186²¹, JāCo. III. 51²⁶ = udra; sobbha (§ 25.2) = śvabhra; sukka ‘white’ = śukla. In initial position there appears in these cases only a single mute: kaya-vikkaya ‘purchase and sale’ D. I. 5¹⁰ = krayavikraya; tāṇa ‘protection’ Dh. 288, M. III. 165⁵ = trāṇa; bhātar ‘brother’ = bhrātar. Sometimes the combination mute + r remains unchanged: nigrodha (§ 21) = nyagrodha; tatra ‘there’ Thl. 31, Vin. I. 10¹², D.I. 76²³ (beside tattha Thl. 183) = tatra; citra ‘multicoloured’ Jā. VI. 497¹⁶, D. I. 7²² (beside citta Dh. 151) = citra; bhadra ‘happy’ S. I. 117²⁴ etc. (beside bhadda D. II. 95¹⁷ etc.) = bhadra; udriyati ‘is split’ S. I. 113¹⁵, D. 1. 96¹⁷ (udraya ‘fruit, reward’ S. II. 29¹², A. I. 97³¹) from *uddriyate for uddiryate³. The Part. Pres. atriccham Jā. I. 414⁶, III. 207¹⁵ is explained in the commentary by atra atra icchanto ‘desiring this and that’; cf. atriccha ‘desirous’ JāCo. III. 206¹⁰, atricchatā ‘covetousness’ JāCo. III. 222⁶. In atrajā ‘son, daughter’ Jā. III. 181⁴, Dpvs. 18.29 through *attajā = ātmajā the tr originated through folk-etymology.—3. In the combination of mutes with semi-vowels (dental + y will be discussed in § 55): sakka ‘capable’ = śakya; vuccati ‘is said’ = ucyate; kuḍḍa ‘wall’ D. I. 78³, S. III. 238²⁵ = kuḍya; pajjalati ‘burns’ D. II. 163²⁰ etc. = prajvalati; labbha ‘attainable’ Jā. III. 204²⁷, M. II. 220¹³ = labhya; cattāro ‘four’ = catvāras; addhan ‘way’ = adhvan; saddala ‘grassy’ Thl. 211, Ja. VI. 518²¹ = śādvala. In initial position there appears only the single mute: kaṭhita (§ 42. 2) = kvathita; dija (poetic term) ‘bird’