Pali Literature and Language c7.s1.t13.64

c7.s1.t13.64

§ 62. Unetymological aspiration or de-aspiration of sound-groups (cf. § 40) is not rare.—1. Unetymological aspiration: siṅghāṭaka (also AMāg. siṅhāḍaka) ‘road-crossing’ = śṛṅgāṭaka; Khaṇḍapura (name of a city) Sāsvs. 81²⁵ from Skanda (name of the war-god); pipphala ‘Ficus Religiosa’ Abhp. 909 = pippala; pipphalī ‘pepper’ Jā. III. 85²⁴, S. V. 79²², Vv. 43. 6 = pippalī. Such aspiration is often caused by r: acchi ‘light’ S. IV. 290²⁷ besides acci = arcis; koccha (§ 10) = kūrca.² Sometimes the r occupies the second position in the original sound-group: tattha ‘there’ (besides tatra, § 53.2) = tatra; sotthiya ‘Brahman’ (besides sottiya) = śrotriya; paripphoseti ‘sprinkles’ M. III. 243¹⁷ from root pruṣ with pari (paripphosaka ‘besprinkled all around’ D. I. 74³, M. II. 15¹³ etc.). Initial aspiration: khiḍḍā ‘play’ (beside kiḷā) through *khiḍā = krīḍā; phāsu(ka) ‘comfortable,’ if it is connected with Vedic prāśu.³—2. De-aspiration: lodda (§ 44) = lodhra, rodhra; babbu(ka) ‘cat’ Jā. I. 480¹ = babhru; bunda ‘root’ Abhp. 549 (with concomitant metathesis) = budhna (cf. bondi ‘body’ Pv. IV. 3. 32); muccati ‘coagulates’ Dh. 71, DhCo. II. 67²² = mūrcchati.⁴ The form milāca ‘forest-dweller’ Jā. IV. 291³ is perhaps a variant of milakkha (§ 34) and derived from *milacca, *milaccha. The form ludda(ka) ‘hunter’ DhCo. III. 31⁷, Mhvs. 28. 41 = lubdha(ka) is perhaps due to contamination with ludda ‘cruel’ (§ 15.4, 44). On aṭṭa = artha see § 64.1. Not infrequently the expected aspiration (according to § 51.1) does not take place in groups containing a sibilant. Thus, when the sibilant is first in the group: saccessati ‘will interrupt (?)’ A. IV. 343²⁵ from root saśc; kukku (§ 16.1 a) = kiṣku; catukka ‘a collection of four, crossing of roads’ Dāṭhāvs. 1. 58, JāCo. III. 44⁶, Milp. 1¹⁸ = catuṣka; nippesika ‘cheat’ (?) D. I. 8³⁰ = naiṣpeṣika; bappa ‘tear’ Abhp. 260 = bāṣpa⁵; maṭṭa ‘polished’ D. II. 133⁸ (besides maṭṭha Vv. 84. 17, DhCo. I. 25⁹) = mṛṣṭa; (abhi)vaṭṭa ‘he who has showered rain’ JāCo. I. 487²⁸, Milp. 176¹ (besides vaṭṭha, vuṭṭha)= vṛṣṭa; (pacc)osakkati (p. 97, f.-n. 4) from root svaṣk; takkara ‘thief’ Abhp. 522=taskara; samtatta ‘horrified’=samtrasta; as well as Indapatta (name of a city) (beside -pattha)=Indraprastha.¹ In leḍḍu ‘clod of earth’ M.I. 123³⁴, JāCo. III. 16¹⁸ through *leṭṭhu, *leṭṭu =leṣṭu² there is concomitant softening of the group (§ 61.1). In composition, the expected aspiration is missed in: niccala ‘immovable’=niścala; duccarita ‘bad deed’=duścarita; duttara ‘difficult to cross’=dustara; namakkāra ‘obeisance’ JāCo. II. 35¹ =namaskāra; also majjhatta ‘impartial’ JāCo. I. 300¹⁸, Mhvs. 21.14=madhyastha. Missing aspiration in sound-groups with the sibilant in second position: dhaṅka ‘crane’ Thl. 151, Jā. II. 208¹⁹, ‘crow’ S. I. 207²⁹ (verse), VvCo. 334³⁰ through *dhaṅkha=dhvāṅkṣa; ikka (§ 12.2)=ṛkṣa; Okkāka (p. 66, f.-n. 1) from Ikṣvāku; Takkasilā (name of a city)=Takṣaśilā. Expected aspiration missing in initial position: kuḍḍa³ ‘small’ D. II. 146¹², 169⁹, Jā. V. 102²⁴ (cf. § 64.1) besides khudda=kṣudra; culla, cūla (also AMāg., JMāh. culla) ‘small’ (for chulla)=kṣulla, which in itself is very probably a popular form of the word kṣudra.