Pali Literature and Language c7.s2.t3.232

c7.s2.t3.232

§ 178. Many Causatives in Pāli are historical continuations of corresponding constructions in Skr. The formans *aya* may be contracted to *e*¹. 1. Unmodified roots: *pāpeti* 'makes attain' JāCo. I. 223¹⁴, II. 11⁹ (root *āp* with *pra*) = *prāpayati*; *saṃsandeti* 'joins together' JāCo. I. 403¹⁹ = *syandayati*. Similarly with roots with medial *r* and *l*: *dasseti* 'shows' Th1. 86, Dh. 83, JāCo. III. 276⁴ = *darśayati*; *kappeti* 'performs' Sn. 295, JāCo. I. 140²⁶ = *kalpayati*. Cf. *chaḍḍeti* = *chardayati*; *vatteti* = *vartayati*; *vaḍḍheti* = *vardhayati*; *vissajjeti* = *visarjayati*; *haṃseti* = *harṣayati*.—2. Roots with medial *a* before a single consonant: (*a*) the *a* is lengthened as in Skr. Thus *vādeti* 'makes speak, plays (musical instrument)' Sn. 1010, Jā. I. 293²³, JāCo. II. 110⁷ = *vādayati*; *ubbāheti* 'heaves up' D. II. 347¹⁷ = *udvāhayati*; *hāseti* 'makes laugh' Vin. III. 84²¹ = *hāsayati*. Similarly *gāheti* = *grāhayati*; *tāpeti* = *tāpayati*; *pāteti* = *pātayati* -*pādeti* = *-pādayati*; -*yādeti* (§ 38. 3) = *-yātayati*; *vāseti* = *vāsayati*; *sādeti* = *sādayati*; *sāmeti* = *śamayati*. For *lābheti* as against *lambhayati* we have *labbheti* 'lets attain' Vin. IV. 5³⁸ (verse) = JāCo. I. 193¹⁰, DhCo. III. 213¹⁰. From roots with final *r*: *kāreti* 'causes to do' Jā. III. 394⁷, JāCo. I. 107²¹ etc. = *kārayati*; *pūreti* 'fills' Sn. 30, 305, JāCo. II. 1¹⁹ etc. = *pūrayati*. Similarly *tāreti* = *tārayati*; -*thāreti* = *-stārayati*; *dhāreti* = *dhārayati*; *māreti* = *mārayati*; *vāreti* 'holds back' and 'chooses' = *vārayati*; *sāreti* = *sārayati*; *sāreti* = *smārayati*.—(*b*) The *a* remains short as also in Skr. in *gameti* 'makes go' M. III. 166²¹, A.I. 141² (*āgameti* 'waits' Vin. I. 78⁶, JāCo. II. 21¹⁴) = *gamayati*. Similarly *janeti* = *janayati*, *dameti* = *damayati*; *yameti* Dh. 37, 380 = *yamayati*; *bhameti* Mhvs. 23. 80 = *bhramayati*.—(*c*) The quantity varies: *jāleti* 'kindles' (ā Mlp. 47², ā JāCo. II. 44¹, 104²⁷) = *jvālayati*; *namayanti* 'they bend' Dh. 80, Th1. 19, but *paṇāmeti* 'sends away, stretches out' Jā. II. 28¹², Vin. I. 5²³, II. 303¹³ etc., (in Skr. only *namayati*); *nikkhameti* 'lets go out' (ā JāCo. II. 112¹², ā Vin. I. 187³⁵, 188¹⁵, JāCo. III. 99¹⁰) = *kramayati*, *niṣkrāmayati*.