History of Sanskrit Poetics c6.91.2

c6.91.2

He elaborates this subject in the शृङ्गारप्रकाश and includes guṇas and rasas also among alaṅkāras. The अल. स. gives a far more reasonable classification of arthālaṅkāras under seven heads viz. सादृश्य (उपमा, रूपक), विरोध (विरोध, विभावना, विशेषोक्ति), शृङ्खलाबन्ध (कारणमाला, एकावली), तर्कन्याय (काव्यलिङ्ग, अनुमान), काव्यन्याय (यथासंख्य, पर्याय, परिवृत्ति), लोकन्याय (प्रत्यनीक, प्रतीप, मीलित), गूढार्थप्रतीति (सूक्ष्म, व्याजोक्ति). The प्रतापरुद्रयशोभूषण (pp. 337-339) states the basis of classification of alaṅkāras and their differences from guṇas (सङ्घटनाश्रया गुणाः शब्दार्थश्रयास्त्वलङ्काराः). For want of space I do not pursue this question further. Bharata mentioned four alaṅkāras and ten guṇas. Hence he must have made a distinction between them, although he does not express it. Daṇḍin includes guṇas under the word alaṅkāra in the wider sense, as shown above. He defines alaṅkāras as काव्यशोभाकरान्धमलङ्कारान् प्रचक्षते । ते चाद्यापि विकल्प्यन्ते कस्तान् कात्स्न्र्येन वक्ष्यति ॥ काव्यादर्श II. 1. भामह's treatment of guṇas is meagre. In काव्यालङ्कार II. 1-3 he defines three guṇas viz. माधुर्य, प्रसाद and ओजस्. Daṇḍin defines and illustrates ten guṇas, the names being the same as in भरत (17. 96=16. 96 of GOS ed. p. 334), काव्यादर्श (I. 41) and वामन (III 1. 4) though the definitions often differ. वामन defines 'काव्यशोभायाः कर्तारो धर्मो गुणाः । तदतिशयहेतवस्त्वलङ्काराः ।' काव्या. सु. III. 1. 1-2.