A History of the Canonical Literature of the Jainas c8.102

c8.102

*Parikamma*-Just as it is necessary to know fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction etc., before one can solve arithmetical problems, so one should study *Parikamma* before one can commence the study of *Sutta*, *Puvvagaya* etc.⁵ Thus *Parikamma* is a stepping-stone for further study. It is of seven kinds: (1) *Siddhaseṇiā-parikamma*, (2) *Maṇussaseṇiā-pari°*, (3) *Puṭṭhaseṇiā-pari°*, (4) *Ogāḍhaseṇiā-pari°*⁶, (5) *Uvasampajjaṇaseṇiā-pari°*, (6) *Vippajahaṇaseṇiā-pari°* and (7) *Cuācuāseṇiā-pari°*. Each of these kinds has sub-varieties which, in all, come to 83. *Siddhaseṇiā-pāri°* has 14 sub-varieties: *Māugāpaya*, *Egaṭṭhiyapaya*, *Aṭṭhapaya*⁷, *Pāḍhoāmāsapaya*⁸, *Keubhūā*, *Rāsibaddha*, *Egaguṇa*, *Duguṇa*, *Tiguṇa*, *Keubhuā*, *Paḍiggaha*, *Samsārapaḍiggaha*, *Nandāvatta* and *Siddhā-vatta*.⁹ *Maṇussaseṇiā°*, too, has 14 sub-varieties. Out of them the names of 13 are practically the same as those noted for *Siddhaseṇiā°*, the 14th being *Maṇussāvatta*. *Puṭṭhaseṇiā°* has 11 sub-varieties. The names of them are *Pāḍhoāmāsapaya* upto *Nandāvatta* as noted before, the 11th being Puṭṭhāvatta. Each of the rest has 11 sub-varieties. The names of the 1st 10 of them are the same as noted for Puṭṭha-seṇiā°, while the respective names for the 11th are: Ogāḍhāvatta, Uvasampajjaṇāvatta, Vippajahaṇāvatta and Cuācuāvatta. See Nandī (s. 57). Practically we know next to nothing about all these 83 sub-varieties.¹ Even there is no explanation given as to why Keubhñā is mentioned twice, while enumerating the 14 sub-varieties of Siddhaseṇiā°.