The Arctic Home in the Vedas c17: General Index
The Arctic Home in the Vedas c17
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General Index
c17.1.1
ABHIPLAVA, a kind of *ṣalaha*, 207, 209. Adhyâtmikas, their school of Vedic interpretation, 238. Aditi, and her Âditya sons, the legend of, 152-158; said to have occurred in a former *yuga*, 158, 460. Âdityas, seven with an eighth still-born brother, represent the seven monthly sun-gods in the Arctic region, 156-158; 216; 282. *Âdityânâm-ayanam*, an yearly sacrificial session, 193, 209. Adri, a mountain, meaning of in the Rig-Veda, 249, 253. Æsir, gods, the reign of, 78. Ages, archæological, of Stone, Bronze and Iron, 4; distinction between Neolithic and Palæolithic, 10; their co-relation with the geological, 11; of Beech, Oak and Fir, 12. --Geological and their subdivisions, 11; climate and distribution of land and water in, 20-24. --Human and divine in the Rig-Veda, 173 *f*. --Purâṇic, Krita, Tretâ, Dvâpara, and Kali; their real duration, 421-427; their characteristics, 455. Aggilos, phonetic equivalent of Aṅgiras, 160. Agni, fire, a Vedic matutinal deity, 74; living in long darkness, 127; his hidden home in waters and darkness, 317; as child of waters, 317; traversing the universe, 333; his secret third station, 333; seven rays or tongues, and ten secret dwellings of, 342. Agniṣṭoma, a Soma-sacrifice, 206. Ahalyâ, the legend of, 347. *Ahanî*, Day and Night, distinguished from *Uṣâsâ-naktâ*, 135; right and left side of the Year-god, 138-139. Ahîna, a Soma-sacrifice of less than thirteen days, 206. Ahura Mazda, warning Yima about the coming winter in Airyana Vaêjo, 72, 376.
c17.1.2
Airyana Vaêjo, the original Paradise of the Iranians or the Aryan race, Yima's Vara in, 72; description of, in the Vendidad, 357-359; wrongly identified with countries to the east of Iran, 361-363; change in the climate of, caused by Angra Mainyu, 366; proves its invasion by ice during the last Glacial epoch, 368; ten winter months therein, 366-368; also seven summer months, 370 *f*; annual rise of sun, moon and stars, and a year-long day at the place, 71, 72, 376; possible only if it be located in the Arctic regions, and not to the east of Iran, 378; description of the glaciation of, 380. Aitihâsikas, their school of Vedic interpretation, 239. Aiyangâr, Mr., Nârâyaṇa, on the interpretation of Vedic myths on the Astral theory, 63, 245; on the nature of Kumâra, Kârttikeya, 318; on the nature of Sîtâ, 348. Aiyer, Mr. on the yuga-system in the Purâṇas, 422-424. Âjânadevatâs, 237. Aiburz, a mountain, separating the upper from the lower world in the Avesta, 266; apertures in, for the sun to pass through, 269, 318. Alps, low in early geological ages, 21. Altitude, high, its effect on climate, 21. Amma, the ascending stream of, in the Finnish mythology, 276. Ammarik, the gloaming, in the Finnish mythology, 404. Anaximenes, on the overhead rotation of the sky, 78. Aṅgirasâm ayanam, the yearly sacrificial session of Aṅgirases, 162, 193, 209. Aṅgirases, ancient sacrificers of the Aryan race, 160; probably Indo-European in origin, 171;
c17.1.3
different species of, the Navagvas and the Dashagvas, 162; ten months' sacrificial session of the latter, 163; helping Indra in the rescue of the cows at the end of each year, 163; found the sun dwelling in darkness, 163; described as Virûpas, that is, of various forms, 168. Angra Mainyu, the evil spirit in the Avesta, destroys Airyana Vaêjo by introducing severe winter therein, 359; explained as a glacial invasion, 368 f. Anquetil, discovery of the Avesta by, 356. Âpaḥ, waters, distinguished as terrestrial and celestial in the Rig-Veda, 256; celestial or aerial ridden for ten months by the sun, 177, 184; ruled over by Varuṇa, 178; coeval with the world, 257; captivated by Vṛitra and released to flow upwards by Indra, cannot but be celestial, 274, 275, 294, 295; in the seven rivers must be celestial, 288-293; cosmic circulation of the aerial, in the Avesta, 270, 271; cessation of their flow in winter, 271-274; cosmic circulation of, in other mythologies, 275-278; their nature and characteristics as a Vedic deity summed up, 338, 339; the same compared with the Purâṇic legends, 340. Apaosha, the demon conquered by Tishtrya, an Avestic proto-type of Shuṣhṇa in the Ṛig-Veda, 222, 223; fight with, lasting for a hundred nights, 224. Apaturia, ancient Greek feast, 399. Apollon, oxen of, stolen by Hermes, 204; derived from Sanskrit apavaryan, 255. Apsu-jit, conqueror in waters, an epithet of Indra, 245, 247. Âptoryâma, a Soma-sacrifice, 206.
c17.1.4
Ap-tûrya, the fight for waters by Indra, 245. Âptya, See Trita. Arag, See Rangha. Archæology, prehistoric, ages of Iron, Bronze and Stone in, 4, 8; characterised by instruments of metals and stone discovered in the recent strata of the earth, 8; ages not synchronous in different countries, 9; transition from one into another gradual and not sudden, 9; distinction between New and Old stone age, 10; ages of Beech, Oak and Fir, 12; the date of the commencement of the Neolithic age in, 12, 13;
c17.2
latest researches in, effect of, on primitive history, 4; on Vedic interpretation, 7; summary of the latest researches in, 37, 38. Arctic regions, characterised by mild climate suitable for human habitation in inter-glacial times, 24, 38, 419; a wide continent before the glacial epoch, 41; appearance of the heavens in, 51, 52; duration of day and night in, 55, 56; dawn in, 56, 57; distinguishing characteristics of, summed up, 59. Ardhau, the two celestial hemispheres in the Rig-Veda, 262. Ardvi Sûra Anâhita, Avestic celestial river, like the Vedic Sarasvatî, 265, 363; grants a boon to Thraêtaona, 266, 402. Aristotle, mentions an aerial river, 276; his belief in the reality of the deluge, 388. Ârya, Indra, dealing measure for measure to Dâsa or Vritra, 140, 143. Âryabhaṭṭa, 422. Aryan, race and people, their unity in primitive times, 2; controversy regarding the original type of, 16; Vedic, settled in central Asia in the Orion period, 420; primitive, interglacial and not post-glacial in origin, 433; European Neolithic, not progressive but retrogressive savages, 444; origin of and differentiation from other human races, lost in geological antiquity, 445. —Home, primitive, cannot be located in Central Asia, 18; nor in North Germany or Scandinavia, 408; must be located in the Arctic regions, 232, 296, 390, 409, 417-418; destroyed during the last Glacial epoch, 381, 82; migration therefrom at the beginning of the post-glacial period, 429. —Culture and religion, primitive, Schrader's view of, 3; in their Arctic Home, 435-438; higher than the Neolithic European, 439-445. —Languages, unity of, 2; not developed from the Finnic, 18; not of Neolithic origin, 438; origin of, lost in geological antiquity, 444. Âshvina-shastra, a prize in the race of matutinal deities, 82, 83, 299. Ashvins, a dual matutinal deity in the Veda, their path, 74; time of singing the hymn or prayer of, 82; rescuers of Dîrghatamas, 169, 170; physicians of gods, explained by Max Muller as restorers of the winter sun, 244, 299; their double equipment, boat and golden chariot, 277; help Indra in his fight with Vritra, 298, 299; their exploits and character, 301-304; save their proteges from bottomless darkness, 304, 305; inexplicable by the vernal theory, 305-311; safely deliver Saptavadhri from ten months' confinement in the womb of his mother, 312-316; satisfactorily explained by the Arctic theory, 319; their three stations, the third hidden, explained, 333; their achievements said to be ancient, that is, interglacial, 460. Asia, Northern, the glaciation of, and milder climate in, 14; Central, the theory of the original Aryan home in, challenged by Poshe and Penka, 4; Taylor's view, 5; Rhys' view, 408; Indo-Iranian settlements in, not primitive, 390, 420. Astral, theory, to explain Vedic myths, 245. Astronomers, Hindu, locate Meru at the North Pole, 67; chronology of, 422. Atharvan, an ancient sacrificer, 160-161. Ati-agniṣṭoma, a Soma-sacrifice, 206. Ati-rātra, a Soma-sacrifice, 206; introduces and concludes a sattra, 208, 228; one of the night-sacrifices, 213, 215; extraction and purification of Soma juice therein at night, 213, 214; an Avestic parallel, 214; meaning of ati in, 227; production of a cycle of day and night therefrom, 227; position of, in the annual round of sacrifices in ancient times, 229, 230. Atri, an ancient sacrificer, 160, 161. Atri Saptavadhri, See Ashvins, and Saptavadhri. Aufrecht, Prof., 87, 88, 462. Aurora Borealis, 47, 70. Aupamanyava, a Nairukta, correctness of his interpretation of shipiviṣṭa, 330, 331. Aurṇavābha, 326. Autumnal, hundred forts of Vṛitra, meaning of, 221, 248, 252, 287. Autumns, a hundred, 389. Avesta, passages in, See Index of Avestic passages. Traditions about the Polar home in, 19, 354-390; method of counting by seasons in, 285; See Airyana Vaējo. Āyus, a Soma-sacrifice, 207. Azi-Dahāk, 267, 308, 309.
c17.3
BĀDARĀYANA, on the inauspiciousness of dying in the Dakṣiṇāyana, 76; on the eternity of the Vedas, 450. Balder, or Baldur, the Norse summer god, his dwelling place in the heavens, 403; killed by Hodur, the winter-god, 405. Bali, the rescuer of Dīrghatamas, 170; Purāṇic enemy of Vāmana, 327. Ball, Sir Robert, supports Croll's theory, 27; but refrains from adopting Croll's calculations, 33. Beech age, 12; See Ages. Bhāṇḍārkar, Dr., on the date of Māḍhariputta and Puḷumāvi, 285. Bhartṛihari, 340. Bhāskara, Bhaṭṭa, 191, 220. Bhāskarāchārya, on perpetual day and night, 56; his erroneous view about Uttarāyaṇa, 67. Bhīṣhma, a Mahābhārata warrior, waiting to die in the Uttarāyaṇa, 75. Bhṛigu, an ancient sacrificer, 160, 161. Bhujyu, a protege of the Ashvins, who rescued him from bottomless darkness, 302, 303, 305, 306-9. Bloomfield, Prof., 115, 287. Bodas, Rājārāma Shāstri, and M.R. 446. Brahma-chārin, the sun in the Atharva-Veda, 315. Brahma-jāyā, the Brāhmin's lost wife, restoration of, 347. Brāhmaṇas, the Vedic works, the Vedas partially unintelligible at the time of their composition, 5; classification of the contents of, 129; their probable aim and nature, 230; on the eternity of the Vedas, 448. Bṛihaspati, the son of Aṅgiras, said to be seven-mouthed, 169; his conquest of cows, 201; helps Indra in the rescue of cows from Vala, 249; saviour of Trita from distress, 335; seven-mouthed, and ten-headed, 342; connected with the story of Saramâ and Panis, 347; restoration of his lost wife, 347. Bronze, art of making, probably introduced into Europe from outside, 9; known before the Aryan separation, 442. Bronze, age, See Ages. Bundahish, referred to or quoted, 224, 266, 269, 361-363, 374. Bunsen, 356, 365, 367. Burma, Indian names of cities in, 293.
c17.4
Cacus, a Greek monster like the Vedic Vala, 200. Calendar, Vedic, in the Taittirîya Saṃhitâ, of twelve months and six seasons, 62; ancient sacrificial, of ten months, 229, 231, 232; ancient Roman, of ten months, 199, 230, 395; ancient Celtic and Norse, 398, 399; ancient Greek, 399; primitive Aryan, Arctic, 436, 437. Calends, of May and of Winter, 396, 397. Caspian, sea, wrongly identified with Rangha, 363. Celts, the yearly feasts of, 396; their gods and heroes, 406 f. Chaillu, Paul Du, on the long night at Nordkyn, 56; his Land of the long night referred to, 214, 215. Chalceia, an ancient Greek yearly feast, 399. Chaturvimsha, a sacrificial day, 208, 209. Chatvârimshyâm sharadi, on the fortieth in autumn, the meaning of, (in Ṛig. II. 12, 11,) 281. Chavee, on the original type of the Aryan race, 16. Chronology, Purâṇic, of Kalpas, Manvantaras, and Mahâ-yugas, 421; length of a Kalpa, and a Yuga in, 422; Rangâchârya's and Aiyer's views thereon, 423-426. —in Manu and Mahâbhârata, 426-428. —Vedic, 420, 453-454. Chyavâna, the falling ( sun ), a protege of the Ashvins who restored him to youth, 170, 244, 301-303. Circum-polar, regions, distinguished from the Polar, 43; characteristics of, described and summed up, 55, 59. Civilization, Palæolithic and Neolithic, 16, 17; primitive, as deduced from comparative philology, 431; original Vedic or Aryan, interglacial, 439-444. Climate, geological, equable and uniform over the whole earth till the end of the Pliocene period, 21; sudden change in, during the Pleistocene, 22; cold, in the glacial, and mild, in the inter-glacial period, 23, 24. Coins, bronze, in use amongst undivided Aryans, 442. Comparative, Mythology and Philology, q. v. Couvade, the Irish custom of, 329, 405, 407. Corpses, the custom of not disposing of, during winter, 73-77, 271-275. Cows, the three-fold meaning of, in the Vedas, 201, 202; the sacrificial session of, lasting for ten months, 194-198; its nature explained, 200 f. Cow-stable, seven-fold and ten-fold, 343. Cow's Walk, See Gavâm ayanam. Croll, Dr., his theory about the cause of the Glacial period, 27-31; his three periods of the maximum eccentricity of the earth's orbit, 32; his estimate of the duration and commencement of the Glacial period, 33; questioned by Ball and Newcomb, 33; by Geikie and Hudlestone, 35.
c17.5
Cuchulainn, the Celtic Sun-hero, making love to a number of Dawns, 393, 394; his encounters with the Fomori or the Fir Bolg, 405; unaffected by couvade, 406; fighting without rest for several days, 406, 407.
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Culture, primitive, *See* Civilization.
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Currents, oceanic and aerial, effects of, on climate, 21.
c17.8
DAITYA, the meaning of, in the Vendidad I, 3-4, 362; a river in the Bundahish, otherwise called Dâitik, 362, 363.
c17.9
Darkness, of the Polar night, nature of, 47; ghastly and sunless, as Vritra's stronghold, in the Rig-Veda, 125, 247; long, too long, the end of, 125; Agni living long in, 127, 317; Indra driving the Asuras from, 213; Arctic, synchronous with winter, 273-279; daily and annual struggle between it and light, 242, 296, 406; proteges of the Ashvins condemned to, 304, 305; the sun dwelling in, 321, 322.
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*Dakshinâ*, the mother of the sun, 145.
c17.11
Dakshinâyana, or Pitriyâna, night of gods, 67; death during, inauspicious, 75; Bâdarâyana's view of, 76; parallel tradition in the Avesta, 77.
c17.12
Darmesteter, Prof., the translator of Vendidad and Yasht, his rendering of the Vendidad I and II, 72; on the nature of the legend of Tishtrya, 223; does not explain why the appointed time of Tishtrya varies from one to a hundred nights, 224; his rendering of Tîr Yasht, para 36, 226; his view of the same single source of waters and light, 266; on the cessation of the flow of waters in winter, 271; on the transference of the name Hapta hindu to a new settlement, 289; on the meaning of Dâitya in Vend. I, 362; his identification of the Airyana Vaêjo examined and rejected, 360-365.
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Dâsa, Vritra, 140, 143.
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Dashadyu, a protege of Indra, 341, 346.
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Dashagvas, a species of the Angirases, 342-344; *See* Navagvas.
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Dashamâya, an enemy of Indra, 342, 346.
c17.17
Dashame yuge, meaning of (in Rig. I, 158, 6), 177.
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Dasha prapitve, meaning of (in Rig. VI., 31, 3), 322-326.
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Dâsharâjña, Indra's fight with ten kings, 345 *f.*
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Dasharatha, 347.
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Dashashipra, an enemy of Indra, 342, 346.
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Dashoni, an enemy of Indra, 341, 346.
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Dawn, two months' duration of, at the Pole, 47, 48; revolving splendours of, 49, 50; why styled *Dakshinâ*, 145; the first, commencing the *mânushâ yugâ*, 176; why addressed in the plural number in the Vedas, 95 *f.*; in the Lettish, Greek and Celtic mythologies, 393; the dying torch of, in the Finnish mythology, 404; as a Vedic Deity, *See* Ushas.
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Dawn-theory, 3; its scope and application, 240-242.
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Day, longer than 24 hours in the Arctic regions, 55; six-monthly, in the Tâittirîya Brâhmaṇa, 70; in the Avesta, 71; in Manu and Mahâbhârata, 68, 69; originally a real observation, 73; of the gods, See, Night of the gods.
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Day and Night, a dual deity in the Vedas, 131; two such dual deities 135; diurnal changes in, over the globe stated, 137; the existence of two dual deities explainable only on the Arctic theory, 137,138.
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Death, inauspiciousness of, in the Dakshiṇâyana, 75; in winter in the Parsi scriptures, 77, 273.
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Debris, glacial, its action and extent, 23.
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December, the tenth and the last month in the ancient Roman year, its reason explained, 198, 395; denotes an ancient Arctic year of ten months, 200.
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Deities, Vedic, pre-glacial in origin and character, 433.
c17.31
Deluge, the Avestic account of, 379 f; the story of, in the Shatapatha Brâhmaṇa, 385; said to be of water and not ice, 387; Greek account of, 388; compared with the Avestic account, 389; See Glacial period.
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Demeter, the mother-earth rejoicing for six months in the presence of Proserpine, 398.
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Deukaliôn, saved from the deluge in Greek mythology, 388.
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Devayâna and Pitṛiyâna, originally representing the two-fold division of the year at the Pole, 73, 74; the path of the gods, same as the path of Mazda in the Avesta, 75; Vṛitra killed on the borders of, 251.
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Dhîtis, prayers, seven-fold and ten-fold, 342.
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Dîrghatamas, the legend of, in the Mahâbhârata, 170; in the Ṛig-Veda, id; saved by Ashvins, 171; becoming decrepit in the tenth yuga, 171 f; means the sun disappearing after riding on aerial waters for ten months, 177, 178; a solar legend of Arctic origin, 178, 231, 256, 306, 319, 351.
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Divine, years, the theory of, 423-426; See, Year.
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Diviṣhṭi, striving for the day, 246.
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Divodâsa, the father of Sudâs, 345.
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Dixit, the late Mr. S. B., on the equinox in the Krittikâs, 44, 422.
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Durga, a commentator on Yâska, 134.
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Dvâdashâha, a twelve days' sacrifice, how made up, 276.
c17.43
Dvâpara, the third yuga in Purâṇic mythology, duration and nature of, 422-426.
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Dvita, the Second, a brother of Trita, 334.
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Dyotana, an enemy of Indra, 342.
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Earth, classification of stratified rocks on the surface of, 11; climate on, in early geological times, 21; obliquity of its axis producing seasons, id.; change in the position of axis improbable, 25; diminishing heat of, 26; eccentricity of its orbit producing glacial periods, according to Dr. Croll, 28, 29; Dr. Ball's estimate of the average heat received by each of its hemispheres, 32; maximum value of the eccentricity of its orbit, 73; three-fold in the Vedas and the Avesta, 260;
c17.47
seven-fold, nine-fold and ten-fold, 343. Edda, a Norse epic poem, death of Anses in, 406. Eden, the garden of, in the Bible, 410. Egypt, the historic period in, 2, 12, 14, 37; no trace of glaciation in, 14. Ekâha, a Soma-sacrifice lasting for a single day, 206. Ekâshṭakâ, the mother of Indra, 118. Ekata, the First, a brother of Trita, 334. Eleven-fold, division of gods in the Vedas, 290, 343. Equinoxes, precision of, 28; cycle of, 29; used as a Vedic chronometer, 44. Eras, geological, climate in earlier, 21; *See Ages*. Euripides, on the fountain of the world's waters, 276. Evans, 7.
c17.48
FATHERS, our ancient, in the Vedas, 160. Fauna, and Flora, fossil, distinguish different geological eras, 11; indicate warm climate in early times, 21. Fedelm, of nine forms, in Celtic mythology, 401. Finland, once thought to be the Aryan home, 409, 417. Finns, not the originators of the Aryan speech, 18, 19; the circulation of cosmic waters in the mythology of, 276. Fir-age, archæological, 12. Fir-Bolg, *See Fomori*. Fish, the, saved by Manu and in turn the saviour of Manu, 386; Five, milkings, 119; seasons, 182 *f*.
c17.49
Floods, during deluges, probably glacial in origin, 386. Fomori, the Irish representatives of darkness, 405. Foods, seven and ten, 342. Forseti, Baldur's son, his long sittings at the court, 408. Fravashis, shewing the path of Mazda to the sun, 75; correspond to Vedic Pitris, 270; said to have shown the way to the waters and the sun in the Avesta, 271.
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GAVÂM-AYANAM, a ten-months' yearly sacrifice, or the Cow's Walk, 162; of ten months in the Aitareya Brâhmaṇa, 194; in the Tâittirîya Saṁhitâ, 195, 196; its ten months' duration said to be an immemorial custom, 197; represents the ancient Arctic year, 198; compared with the old Roman year of ten months, 199; meaning of cows (*gavâm*) in, 200-202; the type of yearly sacrifices, 207; an outline scheme of, 208; supplemented by night-sacrifices, 215 *f*., 229, 231, 394. Geikie, Prof., 7; on the commencement of the post-Glacial period, 14; five glacial and four inter-glacial periods according to, 23, 36, 38; on the glacial and inter-glacial climate in the Arctic regions, 24; on Dr. Croll's theory, 35. Geldner, Prof., 323. Geology, eras and periods in, enumerated and described, 11, 12; correlation of geological and archæological ages, 12; Iron, Bronze and Neolithic included in the post-Glacial period and Palæolithic in the Pleistocene or the Glacial, 11; the date of the commencement of the post-Glacial period in, 13; the evidence and extent of glaciation in the glacial period, 13, 23; climate in the early ages of, 21-24; causes of a succession of glacial periods in, 25; Dr. Croll's view, 28-34; estimate of the duration of the glacial period, 36; latest researches in, summary of, 37, 38; supports the Avestic account of the deluge of snow and ice, 383, 384. *See* Archæology, Climate, Glacial period.
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*Gharma*, a sacrificial pot, 190.
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*Ghoṣhā*, a protege of the Ashvins, 302.
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Gilbert, Mr., his view regarding the commencement of the post-glacial period, 13.
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*Giri*, a mountain, misinterpretation of, *See* Parvata,
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Glacial, epoch or period, discovery of its evidence, 4; nature of the evidence of, 22; existence of two, with an intervening interglacial, conclusively established, 23; extent of glaciation in Europe and America, 23; climate cold in glacial, warm in interglacial, 24; various theories regarding the cause of, 25; Lyell's theory and estimate about its duration, 26; Croll's theory and estimate about its duration, 27-33; long duration of, 36; Avestic evidence in proof of, 379 *f*.
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Glaciation, in northern Europe and America, 13, 23; traces of, not yet discovered in northern Asia, 14.
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*Go*, a Soma-sacrifice, 207.
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Gods, the six-monthly night of, in astronomical works, 67; in Manu and Mahâbhârata, 69; in the Taittirîya Brâhmaṇa, 70; in the Rig-Veda, 73-75; in other Aryan mythologies, 78; eleven-fold division of, in the Vedas, 290, 343; temporary sickness or affliction of, in ancient mythology, 406-408.
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*Go-iṣhṭi*, the meaning of, 245.
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Gotama, a Vedic sage, 347.
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Grassmann, Prof., 171, 323.
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Griffith, Mr., his interpretation of Rig-Vedic verses stated and examined, 86, 89, 91, 101, 116, 133, 140, 141, 174, 180.
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Grill, on the German world-river, 276.
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Grote, his account of deluge in the Greek mythology, 388.
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Gulf-stream, its effect on climate, 21, 25.
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Gwin, and Gwythur, fighting for the same damsel and having her in turn, 397, 398.
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Hades, conceived as turned upside down, 307.
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Hanûmân, a Purâṇic deity, traced to Vṛishâkapi, 348.
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Hapta-Hindu, Avestic name for Sapta Sindhavaḥ, its origin and meaning explained, 288-293; *See* Sapta Sindhavaḥ.
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Hara-Berezaiti, a mountain in the Avesta; *See* Alburz.
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Haug, Dr., 150, 356, 359, 365, 455.
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Heavens, spinning round of, in the Rig-Veda, 65.
c17.73
Hebrews, their belief in the existence of celestial waters, 265, 278.
c17.74
Heeren, Prof., 356.
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Hêlios, the sun, his 350 oxen and sheep, 202, 310, 394; sailing from west to east in a golden boat, 275.
c17.76
Hemispheres, the two celestial, upper and lower, referred to and mentioned in the Rig-Veda, 262, 263. Hemanta, with Shishira, the dual season, 183; represented the yearly sunset, 283. Hêrakles, names of the wives of, representing dawns, 393. Hercules, the pillars of, 146; the cows of, carried off by Cacus, 200. Hermes, stealing the oxen of Apollo, 204. Herodotus, mentions people sleeping for six months, 71; his account of the Phœnician mariners sailing round Africa, 146. Herschel, Sir, on seasons, 29; error in his view regarding the heat received by each hemisphere in summer and winter, 31; on the perpetual spring in interglacial times, 38. Hesiod, on the source of earthly rivers, 276. Himâlayas, the, upheaved in later geological ages, 21. Hiranya-hasta, the gold-hand, given by the Ashvins, 303, 311. Historic period, in Greece and Egypt, 2. Hodur, the blind Norse god of winter, killing Baldur, the god of summer, 405. Home, the primeval Aryan, not in Central Asia, 18, 408; nor in Finland or Scandinavia, 409; but in the Arctic regions, north of Siberia, in pre-glacial times, 418, 419; See, Airyana Vaêjo. Homer, Iliad and Odyssey, 78; his legend of cow-stealing, 204; on the shape of the earth, 275; on the circulation of aerial waters, 276; drew from the same mythological source as Vâlmîki, 349; mentions Khalkos or bronze coins, 442. Horses, of the sun, sevenfold and tenfold, 184, 341. Hudleston, Mr., on the extravagance of Dr. Croll's calculations, 35. Hukairya, a mountain in the Avesta, 266. Hundred, night-sacrifices, 211-217; fortresses or cities destroyed by Indra, leather straps of Kutsa, 221; moving in the abode of Indra, and turning on and off the course of ordinary days, 221. Hvarenô, the, Glory in the Avesta, 308. Hymns, Vedic, interglacial in substance, post-glacial in form, 459-462.
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ICE, of the glacial period, its action, 23; invading Airyana Vaêjo, 379, 380; its connection with the deluge in Indian mythology, 387. Iliad, the, nature of day in, 78; mythical element in, traceable to primitive Aryan times, 349; mentions bronze coins, 442. Incarnations, ten, of Indra in the Avesta and of Vishnu in the Purânas, 341, 350. Indra, the principal Vedic deity, revolving the heavens as on a pole, 65; breaking the car of the dawn, 110; fights with his enemies in darkness, 125, 213; retaliates Dâsa's mischief by producing the long Arctic day, 140-144; assisted by Navagvas and Dasha-gvas, 162 f; his war with Vala at the end of the year, 163, 169, 226; the only deity worshipped in the Atirâtra sacrifice, 213; master of a hundred sacrifices, 217-221; his conquest over Vritra and release of captive waters, the sun and the dawn, 245-279; as Vritra-han, 245, 296; finds Shambara on the fortieth of Sharad, 279-282; stealing the solar orb on the completion of ten (months), 320-326; assisted by Viṣṇu in his fight with Vritra, 328; tenfold or ten incarnations of, 341; seven-killer, and possibly ten-killer, 346; lover of Ahalyâ, 347; exploits of, said to be ancient or interglacial, 460, 111; See Âpas, Dashagvas, Vala, Vritra.
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Interglacial, period, See Glacial.
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Irân Veg, See Airyana Vaêjo.
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Iranians, their original home, 357; could not but be Arctic, 367; destroyed during the glacial period, 384; See Airyana Vaêjo.
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Iron, age, See Ages.
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Ivan, the story of, 403,404.
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JAIMINI, his view about the eternity of the Vedas, 449.
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Jaxartes, the, and the Oxus, Aryan settlements on the banks of, 36, 354, 361, 377.
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Jews, See Hebrews.
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Jhalkikar, Mahâmahopâdhyâya, 451.
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Jimha-bâra, with mouth downwards, applied to the nether world, 306, 307.
c17.88
Jyotiṣh, or Jyotiṣhtoma, a Soma-sacrifice, 206-209.
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KALI, a protege of the Ashvins, 301-303.
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Kali-Yuga, commencement, duration and nature of, 422-427; the age of final settlements, 455.
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Kâlidâsa, 147.
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Kalpa, a higher unit of time in the Purâṇic chronology, 421, 422; repromulgation of the Vedas at the beginning of each, 452, 458.
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Kamadyu, a protege of the Ashvins, 301.
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Kânheri, an inscription of, 285.
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Kaṇva, an ancient sacrificer, 160.
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Kârle, inscriptions of, method of counting time in, 285.
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Karma-devatas, 237.
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Kârttikeya, See Kumâra.
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Kashyapa, the eighth Âditya at Meru, 70.
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Kata, a ditch, to keep a dead body in, during winter, 77; Kutsa lying in, 274.
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Khalkos, a bronze coin, phonetically indentical with Shulka, 442.
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Kings, seven and three, 443.
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Koi, the dawn, in the Finnish mythology, 404.
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Koshchei, the Russian winter-demon carrying off a princess, 404; legend of, 404.
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Kratu, means a destined course, 103, 117; also denotes a sacrificial performance, 220.
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Krichenbauer, Anton, on the two-fold nature of day in the Iliad and the Odyssey, 78.
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Krita, Yuga, commencement and duration of, 422-426; the age of migration, 455.
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Krittikâs, or the Pleiades, the period of the vernal equinox being in, 44, 62, 131, 420, 454.
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Kubhâ, the Kabul river, 363.
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Kuhn, Prof., 202; on the storm theory, 243.
c17.111
Kuka, Mr. M. N., on Tishtrya's connection with the year, 226.
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Kumâra, the Child, not surrendered by the mother to the father, the story of, 316; basis of the Purânic story of Kârttikeya, 318. Kumârila, his interpretation of the legend of Ahalyâ, 239, 347. Kutsa, lying in a Kata or a winter grave, 274.
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LABRAID of the Swift Hand on the Sword, King of the Irish Hades, 398. Laing, Mr. Samuel, 7; on man's ultimate origin, 444. Lake-dwellers, in Switzerland, 12. Land and water, distribution of, in early geological ages, 21-23; depression and elevation of, causing the Ice-age, 26. Lands, countries, sixteen, mentioned in the Vendidad, 357-359; represent successive historical migrations and not merely geographical divisions, 384. Lapps, how they count time during long night, 215. Lassen, Prof., 289, 356, 390. Lets, cosmic circulation of waters in the mythology of, 277; dawn addressed in the plural in the same, 293. Leverrier, M., his tables of the eccentricity of earth's orbit, 32; Stockwell's corrections therein, 34. Lignana, Prof., his view about the Navagvas and Dashagvas stated and examined, 166-168; on Numa's reform, 394; on Navagvas and Novemsides, 400. Lockyer, Sir Norman, on the orientation of the pyramids, 44; on the ancient Egyptian calendar, 149; on the cosmic circulation of aerial waters in the Egyptian mythology, 277.
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Logos, the Word, 450, 458. Lubbock, Sir John, 7. Ludwig, Prof., on the axis of the earth in the Rig-Veda, 65; on the meaning of Ahâni, 91; on the seven rivers, 289. Lugnassad, the Celtic summer feast, 397. Lybia, Africa, sailing round of, 146. Lyell, Sir Charles, 7; his theory of the cause of the Glacial period, and estimate of its duration, 26; on the origin of the tradition of the half-yearly day, 73;
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MACDONNELL, Prof., on the nature of the dawn-hymns, 18; extracts from his Vedic mythology quoted, 246, 248, 301; his view on the double character of Indra discussed, 251, 254; on the brothers of Thrâetaona, 335. Macrobius, on Numa's reform in the Roman calendar, 199, 395. Mâdhava, a commentator on the Sâma Veda, on the meaning of virûpe, 133, 134. Mahâvrata, a Soma-sacrifice, symbolic nature of, 208, 209. Mahâbhârata, the, 69, 75, 170, 171, 330, 385, 386, 389, 422, 425, 426, 448. Mahâvîra, a sacrificial pot, 190. Mahâyuga, a collection of Yugas, its duration discussed, 424 f. Mahîdhara, a commentator on the Vajasaneyî Samhitâ, 175, 324. Maid, the, of nine forms, 401. Mainyô-i-Khard, 377. Mallinâth, 147. Mamatâ, the mother of Dîrghatamas, 170, 171. Man, his existence in the quarternary and the tertiary eras, 4, 12, 37. Manu, a Smṛiti writer, quoted, 68, 69, 257, 448, progenitor of the human race, saved in the deluge, 385-387; an ancient Vedic sacrificer, 160, 161. Mânuṣhâ yugâ, means human ages and not always human generations, 172-176; commenced with the first dawn, 176; and kṣhapaḥ used to denote the whole year, 181. Mârtâṇḍa, the still-born Âditya, the derivation and meaning of, 158; See Aditi, Âditya. Mâtsya-Purâṇa, account of the deluge in, 386. Matutinal, deities, travelling by the Devayâna path, 74; following the dawns, 107; the story of the Ashvins leading the van in the march of, 299, 301. Max Muller, Prof. F., on the importance of the discovery of relationship between Sanskrit and Zend, 2; on the untranslateable portion of the Vedas, 6; on the meaning of samayâ, 86; his explanation of dawns in the plural number unsatisfactory, 96; on the meaning of yojana, 105; of chhandas, 116; of kṣhapaḥ, 127; on the difference between Uṣhâsâ-naktâ and Ahanî, 135; his explanation of eight Âdityas improbable, 156; on the meaning of mânuṣhâ yugâ, 174; on continuous nights, 180, 181; on the three-fold meaning of cows in the Ṛig-Veda, 201, 202; on the stealing of cows in the Greek mythology and on the ancient Greek year, 203, 205; on the Dawn theory, 240, 241; on the Vernal theory, 244; on the derivation of Apollon, 255; on seven rivers, 289; his explanation of the Ashvins' exploits, 178, 299; his derivation of Trita improbable, 336; on the resemblance of names in the Iliad with Vedic names, 349; on progressive savages, 444; on Logos, 450. May, the calends of, 398, 399. Mazda, the path of, 75; followed by waters and the sun, 266. Meru, or the North Pole, six months' day at, in the Saṃhitâs, 56; seat of the gods, and six-monthly night and day at, 67, 385, 453; in the Taittirîya Âraṇyaka, 70; permanently illumined by Kashyapa, 154. Merv, the Avestic Mouru, 359. Mesapotamia, not the same as Avestic Rangha, 361. Migrations, of the Iranian race in succession from Airyana Vaêjo, 360-384; the age of, 453, 455. Milkings, five, 119. Mîmâṃsakas, their interpretation of Râtri in Râtri-Sattras shewn to be incorrect, 211 f.; their view of the eternity of the Vedas, 449. Mitra, the representative of half-year long light, 351. Monogeny, the theory of, regarding human origin, 445. Months, of sunshine, less than twelve in the Arctic regions, 56, 151; sacrificial session of ten, 191, 198; Avestic, of winter and summer, 371-374; See Dashame yuge, Gavâm ayanam, Seasons, Year and Yuga. Moon, description of her appearance at the Pole, 47.
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Mortillet, M. De., on the type of the primitive Aryans, 16. Moytura, the battle of, in the Celtic mythology, fought on the eve of November, 398. Much, with *vi*, meaning of, when applied to horses, 141. Muir, Dr., on the *yuga* system, 68; on the nature of dawn-hymns, 81; on Aditi's legend, 156, 173; on the meaning of *parastât*, 264; his summary of Fargard I of the Vendidad, 357, 358; on the deluge, 385-387; on the northern Aryan home, 389, 390; on the eternity of the Vedas 446, 448; 449, 459, 462. Myths, Vedic, necessity of re-examining the explanations of, 42; various theories about the explanations of, 240 *f.* ; disclose an Arctic origin, 351, 352. Mythology, science of, effect of recent geological discovery on, 3,4; Vedic, current interpretation of, 53; theories for the explanation of, 240; comparative, supports the theory of the Arctic home, 411, 412.
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Nadershaha, Mr. E. J. D., on the method of counting time by seasons in the Avesta, 286. Nâgoji Bhaṭṭa, on Patañjali's view on the eternity of the Vedas, 452. Nairukta, a school of Vedic interpreters, 238, 239. Naiyyâyikas, their views about the eternity of Vedas, 451. Navagvas, a species of the Aṅgirases, generally associated with the Dashagvas, 162; their sacrificial session of ten months, 162; commenced with the dawn, *id.*, helped Indra in the rescue of the cows from Vala, 163; the root-meaning of, 165; Yâska's, Sâyaṇa's and Prof. Lignana's view thereon, 166, 167; primarily denote sacrificers for nine or ten months, 167; compared to Roman Novemsides, Celtic Maid of Nine Forms, and the nine steps of Thor in the Norse mythology, 401, 402; See Aṅgirases, Dashagvas. Nâva-prabhraṁshana, the gliding of the ship on the Himalayas, 386. Navarâtra, a nine days' sacrifice, 207. Nau-bandhana, a peak of the Himalayas, 386. Nebulus, matter, in the universe described as watery vapour in the Vedas, 257. Neco, Pharoah, king of Egypt, 146. Neolithic, the new Stone age, distinguished from the Palæolithic age, 10; its probable commencement from 5000 B. C., 12. —Aryan races in Europe, dolicho-cephalic and brachy-cephalic, ancestors of the present European races, 15; their culture compared with Indo-Germanic culture, 17 ; not autochthonous in Europe, 17. Nether, regions, or regions below the earth, known to Vedic bards, 259, 260; conceived as dark, bottomless, or like an inverted tub in the Vedas, 306-308. Newcomb, Prof., on the extravagance of Croll's calculations, 33, 34. Night, Polar, light and darkness in, 47; shorter than six months but longer than twenty-four hours, 55; of the gods in the Vedas and the Avesta, 166, 173; long, safely reaching the other end of, 128; apprehensions regarding its end, 129; continuous, 181.
c17.118
Night-sacrifices, See Râtri-sattras and Atirâtra.
c17.119
Nine, Forms, Maid of, 401.
c17.120
Nine-fold, earth, ocean and sky, 343; See, Sevenfold.
c17.121
Ninety-nine, forts of Vritra, 221, 247; rivers crossed by Indra, 221.
c17.122
Nir-riti, the region below the earth, 262.
c17.123
Nivids, about Indra, quoted, 246.
c17.124
Non-Aryan, races, may be Arctic in origin, 409, 430.
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Nordkyn, or the North Cape in Europe, sixty-seven days' continuous night at, 50.
c17.126
North Pole, Dr. Warren's book on the origin of the human race at, 6, 412, 429.
c17.127
Novaia Zemlia, remnant of an old Polar continent, 40.
c17.128
November, the eve of, commencement of the ancient Celtic year 396, 398.
c17.129
Novemsides, new or nine Roman gods, 400.
c17.130
Numa, his addition of two months to the ancient Roman year of ten months, 198, 395.
c17.131
Nu-t, the Egyptian goddess of the sky, 278.
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OAK-AGE, 12; See Archæology, Ages.
c17.133
Odin, the reign of, 78.
c17.134
Odyssey, the, nature of day in, 18
c17.135
Odysseus, consuming the oxen of Hêlios, 204.
c17.136
Okeanos, the world-surrounding ocean in the Greek mythology, 276; phonetically identical with Âshayâna, 339.
c17.137
Oldenburg, Prof., on continuous nights, 108; on the meaning of div-ishti, 246; his view regarding Indra's producing waters from the mountains, 253, 322.
c17.138
Orion, the constellation of, the period of vernal equinox being in, 420, 454.
c17.139
Ottoro-corra, the Uttara-Kurus, as mentioned by Ptolemy, 390.
c17.140
Oxus, the river, Aryan settlements on, 354, 361, 377, 390; See Jaxartes.
c17.141
PADA-TEXT, of the Rig-veda, amendments in, suggested, 97, 322, 324, 325.
c17.142
Palæolithic or the old Stone-age, distinguished from the Neolithic, 10; generally inter-glacial, 12.
c17.143
—Man, interglacial, 13; his culture, 16; proof of his existence in the interglacial period, 24.
c17.144
Panama, the isthmus of, its submergence in the Pleistocene period improbable, 25.
c17.145
Pañcha janâh, the five races of men, probably interglacial, 430.
c17.146
Pandit, the late Mr. S. P., on the seven-fold division of Solar rays, 340.
c17.147
Panjaub, the land of five rivers and not of seven, 289; rivers in, not denoted by Sapta-Sindhavah, 290; See, Seven rivers.
c17.148
Parâvat, the nether region, 263.
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Parvata, a mountain, misinterpreted into a cloud in the Vedas, 249, 253.
c17.150
Parâvrij, a protege of the Ashvins, 302, 303.
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Patañjali, his view about the eternity of the Vedas, 451. Pathyâ-Svasti, the goddess of speech in the northern region, 390. Peat-mosses, of Denmark, beds of beach, oak and fir therein, 12. Perpetual, spring, 41; day and night, 56. Persephone, daughter of Zeus, carried by Pluto for six months, 398. Penka, 4; his view on the type of the primitive Aryans in Europe, 16. Philology, comparative, on the division of the year, 399; conclusions regarding the primitive Aryan culture, deduced therefrom 431, 432; necessity of modifying the same, 433-435. Phœnician, mariners rounding Africa, 146. Pictel, Dr., 356. Pim, Capt., his description of the Polar year, 48. Pipru, an enemy of Indra, 140. Pischel, Dr., on the nature of Vṛiṣhâkapi, 348. Pitriyâna, See Devayâna. Pleiades, See Kṛittikâs. Pleistocene, or the Glacial period 11; changes of climate in, 22, 23. Plutarch, on the ancient Roman year, of ten months, 198, 395; on the sleep of the Phrygian god, 329, 407; on the imprisonment of the Paphlagonian gods, 348, 407. Pole, north, temperate climate at, in interglacial times, 22, 41; existence of a continent at, in interglacial times, 40; regions round, distinguished from circumpolar or Arctic regions, 43; star, change in the position of, 44; special features of the calendar at, 46; characteristics or differentiæ of Polar regions summed up, 58. Polygeny, theory of, 445. Posche, 4; his view regarding the type of the primitive Aryans in Egypt, 16. Post-glacial, period, its commencement about 50 or 60 thousand years ago according to English geologists, and 7 or 8 thousand according to American geologists, 13; See Glacial period. Prajâpati, the creator of the Vedas, 448. Pralaya, the deluge, destruction of the Vedas in, 448. Prâleya, ice, an indication of the glacial nature of the deluge, 387. Prapitva, advancing time, the meaning of, in the Veda, 323, 324. Pravargya, a sacrificial ceremony, represents the revival of the sun, 190. Prehistoric times, effect of the discovery of comparative philology on the study of, 2; See Archæology, Geology. Pre-Orion, period, its commencement, 420; consistent with geological evidence, 421. Pṛiṣhthya, a kind of Ṣhaḷaha, 207-209. Ptolemy, 390. Pûṣhan, the sun, the golden boat of, 277; seven-wheeled and ten-rayed, 342. Purâ, the former or the inter-glacial age, 111. Puraḥ, meaning of, 221. Purâ-kalpa, ancient rites and traditions, 130, 462. Purûravas, 241.
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QUATERNARY, era, existence of man in, 4, 24; sudden changes of climate in, 22; comprises at least two, if not more, glacial periods, 23.
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RAJAS (singular), meaning of, 261; (dual), the two Rajas, meaning the two hemispheres, 263. Râma, the hero of the Râmâyaṇa, 347, 348; and incarnation of Viṣṇu, 350; traceable to the Ṛig-Veda, id. Râmâyaṇa, on the three steps of Viṣṇu, 327; mythical element in, probably derived from Vedic mythology, 349; the Râmâyaṇa and the Iliad had probably a common source, 349. Rangâchârya, Prof., on the meaning of yuga, 178, 179; on the Kali yuga, 422, 423. Rangha, a mythical river to the west of Alburz in the Avesta, 363; wrongly identified with the Caspian sea, 363; probably the same as the Vedic Rasâ, 363, 364. Râtri-sattras, the nightly Soma-sacrifices, their nature and classification, 210; the meaning of Râtri in the appellation, 211 f.; hundred in number, from one to hundred nights, 211; must have been originally performed during night, 215, 216; the reason of the number of, 216-226. Râtri-Sûkta, a hymn to the night, 128. Râvaṇa, the ten-mouthed enemy of Râma, 347; throwing gods into prison, 348; probably suggested by the ten non-sacrificing kings in the Vedas, 348.
c17.154
Rays, of the sun, seven and ten, 341. Rebha, a protege of the Ashvins 302, 303, 305. Religion, Vedic, pre-glacial in origin, 437, 438. Rhode, Dr., 356. Rhys, Prof., on the nature of the ancient Teutonic year, 200; his Hibbert lectures, referred to, 329, 393-413; on the affliction of gods or sun-heroes in the Celtic mythology, 407; on the primeval Aryan home in the Arctic region, 409.
c17.155
Rijishvan, a friend of Indra, 140. Rijrâshva, a protege of the Ashvins slaughtering a hundred sheep, 205, 244, 302, 309, 310. Rikṣhas, or the seven bears, See Ursâ Major. Ṛiṣhis, Vedic, their view about the origin of Vedic hymns, 458-463; distinguished into older and later, 459; older interglacial, later post-glacial, 461. Roth, Prof., on the nature of Sa-raṇyu, 244. Rudra-datta, on the meaning of Atirâtra, 229.
c17.156
SACRIFICE, or the year, its preservation and revival, 190; annual, an outline of the scheme of, 208; an yearly cycle of, in ancient times, 230. Sacrificers, ancient, 160. Samarkand, the Avestic Sughdha, 359, 362. Samudrau, the two oceans, meaning the upper and lower celestial hemispheres, 263. Sandhyâ, or links between the yugas, duration of, 425.
c17.157
Sânkhyas, their view about the eternity of the Vedas, 451. Saporta, M. de, on the Arctic origin of the human race, 409. Sapta-vadhri, the seven-eunuch, a protege of the Ashvins, 302; praying for safe delivery after ten months' gestation, meaning explained, 313 f. Saramâ, 241. Saraṇyu, 241. Sarasvatî, a celestial river in the Veda, 266; described as slaying Vṛitra, 267; compared to the Avestic Ardvi Sûra Anâhita, 268. Sato-karahe, of hundred deeds, an adjective of Verethraghna in the Avesta, 225. Sattras, annual, in imitation of the yearly course of the sun, 150; Gavâm-ayanam, the type of the annual, 193; sacrificial sessions, division of, 206. Satyavrata, Pandit Sâmashramî, 134. Savitṛi, the sun, traversing the universe, 332; his third heaven in Yama's regions, 332. Sâyaṇa, his method of explaining difficult Vedic passages, 6, 93, 102, 144, 416; referred to, 65, 74, 81, 88, 89, 90, 91; on the use of dawns in the plural number, 95, 97; his explanation of thirty dawns, 101, 102, 116; on the thirty yojanas traversed by the dawn, 104; on the fears about endless nights, 129-130; on the meaning of virûpe, 133; on much with vi, 141-144; on the seven rays of the sun, 152; on the existence of the different suns in different quarters, 154; on the meaning of Navagvas and Da-
c17.158.1
shagvas, 166; on mânuṣhâ yugâ, 172; on kṣhapaḥ, 181; on the meaning of padena, 197; on the duration of Gavâm-ayanam, 197; on night-sacrifices, 212; on the meaning of shata-kratu, 218; on Ati-râtra, 220; on chatvârim-shyâm sharadi, 280; on the meaning of vadhri, 311, 312; on prapitve, 323, 326; on the ten-fold division, 341. Scandinavia, supposed to be the ancient Aryan home, 409. Schrader, Dr., his work on prehistoric antiquities, 3; on neolithic, and palæolithic culture, 16, 17; on the ancient division of the year, 399; on primitive Aryan culture and civilization, 431, 432; on primitive Aryan religion, 437; on the use of metals in primitive times, 442. Seasons, of the year, five in older times, 182; reason of, 183; denotes an Arctic year of ten months, 186; method of counting time by, in Paleography, 285; in the Avesta, 286. Separation, Aryan, caused by the glacial epoch, and not by overcrowding or irresistible impulse, 382. Seven, milking the one, 191. Seven, rivers, or Sapta-sindhavaḥ, flowing upwards, 288; cannot be the rivers of the Panjaub, 289; three-fold, celestial, terrestrial and infernal, 290; associated with the seven rays or seven suns, 291; released by Indra, cannot but be celestial, 292. Sevenfold, 159, 291; and tenfold, division of things in Vedas, explained on the Arctic theory, 340, 345. Shabara, a commentator on Jaimini, 211, 283. Ṣaḷaha, a group of six days, a sacrificial unit of time, 207. Shambara, killed by Indra on the fortieth day of autumn, 280.
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Shaṅkarâchârya, 76, 182; on the eternity of Vedas, 450. Sharad, autumn, the last season of sunshine in the ancient home, 279-282; explained etymologically, 283. Shatakratu, an epithet of Indra, 217; means the lord of a hundred sacrifices and not of hundred powers, 219, 220; Purâṇic tradition based on, 217. Shatapatha-Brâhmaṇa, an account of deluge in, 385. Shatarâtra, a hundred nights' sacrifice, denotes the long Arctic night, 216. Shâtyâyanins, on the legend of Trita, 335. Shayu, a protege of the Ashvins, 302, 304. Shikshâ, by Pâṇini, quoted, 102. Shipi-vishṭa, an opprobrious name of Vishṇu, explained by the Arctic theory, 330, 332. Ṣoḍashî, a Soma-sacrifice, 206. Shulka, a primitive Aryan coin, 442. Shushṇa, Indra's fight with, on the completion of ten, 322-326. Siberia, freshness of fossil deposits in, 14; primitive Aryan home to the north of, 418. Siddhânta-Shiromaṇi, perpetual day and night in, 56. Sîtâ, the wife of Râma, 348; represented as his sister and wife in Buddhistic Jâtakas, 349; probable explanation of, 350. Soma, seven-wheeled and ten-rayed, 342. Soma-sacrifices, their classification and nature, 206 f.; See Gavâm-ayanam, and Râtri-sattras. South, the sun rising in, 46. Sphota, the doctrine of, 450. Spiegel, Prof., 72, 224, 226, 356, 359, 379, 381; his identification of Airyana Vaêjo questioned, 361. Spring, perpetual, 38, 41. Spitzbergen, warm climate in, before the glacial period, 21; remnant of an old Polar continent, 40.
c17.158.3
Stars, spinning round and round at the Pole, 45, 46; motion of, in circum-polar region, 51, 52. Stone-age, See Ages, Neolithic, Palæolithic. Storm-theory, 3, 242-244; its inadequacy to explain the legend of Indra and Vṛitra, 250-254. Striæ, scratches, glacial, 23. Sudâs, engaged in fight with the ten non-sacrificing kings, 345. Summer, long and cool in inter-glacial time, 32, 38. Sun, or Sûrya, shining and disappearing for six months at the Pole, 46; rising in the south, 46; a matutinal Vedic deity, 74; southern course of, in Polar regions, 53; described in the Veda as unyoking his car and halting in the midst of heaven, 140; standing still in the Bible, 141; rocking like a gold swing in the heaven, 142; different suns for different seasons, 154, 155; dwelling in darkness, 163, 164, 321; his eye covered with aerial vapour, 184; falling beyond the heaven, 192; conceived as the son of Dyu and Earth, 314; described as moving in the mother's womb, while above the horizon, 314; his exit from the womb after ten months explained, 314, 315; a paradox arising therefrom, 316, 317; his wheel or orb, 319 f. his chariot a mono-cycle, 321; stolen by Indra, 322; on the completion of ten, meaning of, 323-326; See, Horses, Prapitva, Rays.
c17.159
Sunshine, of less than twelve months' duration at the Pole, 151.
c17.160
Sûryâ, her marriage with Soma, 241.
c17.161
Sûrya-siddhânta, on six-monthly day and night, 67.
c17.162
Svara-sâman, days, 208, 209.
c17.163
TAYLOR, Canon, his views on the effects of recent scientific discoveries on Mythology, 5; on primitive Aryan races in Europe, 16; on the origin of the Aryan tongue, 18; on the Neolithic origin of the Aryan race, 432.
c17.164
Telang, the late Mr., on the discription of Râma in the Dasharatha jâtaka, 350.
c17.165
Ten, kings, opponents of Sudâs, 345.
c17.166
Ten-fold, See, Seven-fold.
c17.167
Tertiary, era, existence of man in, 4; climate in, 21.
c17.168
Till, or boulder clay, 23.
c17.169
Tishtrya, his fight with Apaosha in the Avesta, 222; a reproduction of Indra's fight with Vritra, 223; lasted for one hundred days, 224; special sacrifices required to be performed at the time, 225; described as bringing circling years of men, 225-226.
c17.170
Thor, the Norse sun-hero, walking nine paces before being killed by the Serpent, 402.
c17.171
Thraêtaona, Avestic deity, corresponding to Trita Âptya, 267; restores glory to Yima, 308; slays Azi-Dahâk, 335; accompanied by his two brothers in the Avesta, 335; throws up Vifra-Navâza, 402.
c17.172
Three-fold, division of the Earth in the Veda and the Avesta, 260.
c17.173
Thridi, old Norse name of Odin, same as Trita, 336.
c17.174
Tongue, Aryan, not developed from the Finnic, 18; its origin lost in geological antiquity, 444.
c17.175
Tradition, Pre-glacial, how preserved in the Vedas, 428-429; in the Avesta, 19, 380-383.
c17.176
Traitan, the tormenter of Dîrghatamas, 170.
c17.177
Tree, of Varuna, with bottom up, 307.
c17.178
Tretâ, the second Purânic era, duration of, 423-426; nature of, 455.
c17.179
Triath, an old Irish word for sea, phonetically same as Trita, 336.
c17.180
Trita Âptya, a Vedic deity assisting Indra in his fight with Vritra, 267; Avestic Thraêtaona, 334, 335; urges Indra to fight, 334; falls into a well, 335; derivation of his name, 335; Prof. Max Muller's view untenable, 336; denotes the third part of the year, 334, 337; explained on the Arctic theory, 337; compared to Ivan in the Slavonic mythology, 404.
c17.181
Triton, Greek, phonetically equivalent to Vedic Trita, 336.
c17.182
Twilight, duration of, at the Pole, 37; of the gods in the Norse mythology, 78. Two, creating the five, 191.
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