Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan (1200–1550 A.D.) c7.s2.t1.7

c7.s2.t1.7

An average city of contemporary Hindustan may be described somewhat as follows :—It was situated on the bank of a river or on the converging point of many trade routes, usually on a higher level than the surrounding country, for reasons of defence and security.² A high massive wall ran round the city, intercepted by gates which were heavily guarded day and night under the direct supervision of a special officer known as the *Kotwal*.³ On entering the city enclosure, the principal mosque or temple usually struck the visitor by its unusual height and conspicuous site. The principal mosque was within measurable distance of every part of the city and was big enough to accommodate a very large gathering of men on Fridays and on other occasions for public prayers.⁴ Big reservoirs were laid within or very near the city for the supply of water especially in case of siege or scarcity of rain.⁵ These aqueducts were particularly important for hilly fortresses.¹ Two main roads running at right-angles intersected in the middle of the city and were connected with the main gates of the outer wall. On both sides of these main roads were the four wings of the city *bazar* with rows of shops facing each other. These wings of the *bazar* were occupied by special classes of tradesmen and guilds of craftsmen.² For their own amusement and comfort, monarchs sometimes built *bazars* inside and outside their palaces.³ Bridges sometimes added to the charms of a city.⁴