Social Life in Ancient India: Studies in Vatsyayana's Kamasutra c7.9

c7.9

In the case of the Kṣatriya, similarly, Manu declares that the bearing of arms is the means of subsistence², so that Vātsyāyana's conquest (*jaya*) is practically equivalent to it. In the same way, of the three approved means of subsistence prescribed for the Vaiśya, viz., trade, rearing of cattle and agriculture³, trade is the essential element, as the produce from cattle and agriculture have to be bartered to bring money. Lastly, in the case of the Śūdra, we find Manu ordaining for him the earning of a living as an artisan or craftsman⁴ which